磁性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球的制备与研究

采用分散聚合法制得了聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯－甲基丙烯酸）共聚物微球。进而采用磁流体存在下的分散聚合法得到了磁性聚合物微球。分别研究了共聚单体－－甲基丙烯酸的用量对微球表面羧基含量、直径与直径分布的影响及磁流体用量对微球磁响应性、直径与直径分布的影响。     

含环氧基团的磁性高分子复合微球

在Fe₃O₄ 磁流体的存在下,采用无皂乳液聚合法制备了磁性苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）-甲基丙烯酸-（β-羟乙酯）三元共聚物／Fe₃O₄复合微球,对所得磁性高分子微球的形貌及磁性能进行了表征,探讨了GMA、引发剂、亲水单体的含量及磁流体用量对磁性高分子微球形貌和性能的影响。结果表明,随单体中GMA含量增加磁性高分子微球的分散性变差,随磁流体和亲水性单体含量增加磁性高分子微球的粒径减小,引发剂的含量对其粒径影响不明显。磁性复合微球中Fe₃O₄的质量分数可达19.80%,微球具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度可达12.62emu/g。     

纳米级磁性复合微球的制备

采用改进了乳液聚合法,在磁流体存在下进行苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯和丙烯酸的三元共聚,可得到含Ｆｅ３Ｏ４的磁性聚苯乙烯微球。该微球外观呈球形,内部为多相构造,可在磁场下被分离出来,微球粒径分布窄且具有良好的耐酸性和机械稳定性。引发剂和乳化剂用量及分散介质中乙醇含量对磁性聚苯乙烯微球有很大的影响。     

磁性聚苯乙烯(Fe_3O_4/PS)微球合成的影响因素分析

以共沉淀法制备的Fe3O4纳米颗粒作为磁核,用聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,苯乙烯为单体,在乙醇/水混合溶剂中,采用分散聚合法制备出聚苯乙烯磁性高分子微球.研究聚合温度、Fe3O4用量、引发剂用量、分散剂用量以及乙醇/水比例等反应条件对聚合物磁性微球粒径和磁性能的影响,找出的最佳工艺参数为:单体用量为15 mL,Fe3O4用量为0.5 g,引发剂与单体的质量比为10∶1 000,醇水体积比为45/50,分散剂PEG用量为25 g,最佳反应温度为75℃.     

反相微乳液合成亲水性聚合物纳米微球

利用反相微乳液一步法成功导合成磁性聚合物纳米微球,研究表明：Fe（Ⅱ）浓度对微乳液和胶乳的稳定有很大的影响,透射电镜（TEM）和动态光散射仪（DLS）结果说明微球粒径在100nm左右,均一性较好,SOT含量能控制微球粒径,振动探针式磁强仪（VSM）测定了不同比例的[Fe（Ⅱ）]/[Fe（Ⅲ）]所合成的聚合物微球的磁性,并发现温度对合成高磁饱和强度和超喘磁性起关键作用,合成的磁性聚合物微胶乳透明而且能稳定数个月。     

甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯GMA单分散微球的制备及表征

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体,用分散聚合法,得到一系列1~8μm的粒径可控的单分散微球。系统地研究了溶剂体系、单体用量、引发剂用量、稳定剂用量、反应温度等各种聚合参数,对聚合产物粒度及其分散性的影响。并用该微球通过一步溶胀法制备了多孔微球,对其进行了表面修饰,进而考察了其对牛血清白蛋白的静态吸附性能力。     

分散聚合法制备含环氧基团的磁性高分子微球

在Fe3O4磁流体的存在下,以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为聚合单体,使用分散聚合法制备了含有环氧基团的磁性高分子微球P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4,使用红外光谱(IR),X光散射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4的结构和颗粒形貌,利用磁学性质测量系统测定了其磁学性质.探讨了单体、磁流体、引发剂以及稳定剂用量对P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4粒径和形貌的影响.结果表明,所制备的P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4外形规整,粒径均匀且1～5 μm可控,P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度可达16.4 emu/g;随着单体中GMA含量增加,P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4的分散性变差,并随着St、磁流体和引发剂含量增加,P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4粒径变大,随着稳定剂用量的增加,P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4的粒径减小.     

由大分子PMMA-DPE引发制备Poly(St-alt-MAn)微球

在1,1-二苯基乙烯（DPE）存在下,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为初始单体,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,采用本体聚合法制备出含有DPE片段的大分子引发剂PMMA-DPE;然后以PMMA-DPE 为引发剂,以苯乙烯（St）和马来酸酐（MAn）为共聚单体,乙酸异戊酯为溶剂,采用自稳定沉淀聚合法制备了单分散的聚（苯乙烯-马来酸酐）（Poly（St-alt-MAn））的微球。研究了 PMMA-DPE 的用量对聚合物微球的形态、粒径大小及分布的影响。采用 FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR和 GPC 对产物的结构进行了表征,并用 SEM 观察了聚合物微球的形貌。结果表明,PMMA-DPE 能够引发 St 和 MAn 的共聚合,随着 PMMA-DPE用量的增加,聚合反应的转化率呈增大趋势,聚合物微球的粒径呈下降趋势,而粒径分布系数略有增大。     

蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球

以乙腈为溶剂,以过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂进行了苯乙烯（St）和二乙烯基苯（DVB）的蒸馏沉淀共聚合研究,制得粒径2-3μm的单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球．结果表明,当单体总量和BPO用量增加时,微球粒径增大,产率升高．当交联剂DVB用量增加时,微球平均粒径增大,粒径分布变窄,产率升高．随着混合溶剂中乙醇含量的下降,粒径分布变窄,产率升高．在其他条件基本相同的情况下,用长分馏柱所得的聚合物微球具有较好的形貌．     

磁性壳聚糖微球的表征及其磁响应性

以戊二醛为交联剂、Fe3O4为磁核,采用反相悬浮交联技术合成了磁性壳聚糖微球,并利用数码光学显微成像仪、激光粒度仪、傅立叶红外光谱对磁性微球的形态、大小和化学结构进行了表征,采用原子吸收分光光度仪、磁天平和可调磁场对其磁响应性进行了研究.结果表明:所合成的磁性壳聚糖微球粒径在50~200μm之间,基本呈圆球形,表面比较光滑,且内部均匀分布着磁性介质Fe3O4;当磁性微球粒径小于280μm时,在外加磁场作用下,微球的磁化率与沉降速度都随着微球粒径的增大而增大.这表明所制备的磁性壳聚糖微球具有良好的磁响应性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to