HNCO与NH3,H2O和HF反应机理的理论化学研究

使用Gaussian 03软件，DFT密度泛函方法B3LYP和631 G(d，p)基组，研究和比较了异氰酸(HNCO)与NH3，H2O和HF分子的IRC反应路径，通过振动分析确认了过渡态的结构．计算结果表明3个反应都是放热反应，反应中1个σ键和1个π键断裂，2个新的σ键生成；过渡态最显著的特征是H原子的转移；过渡态是四元环结构，由于NH3，H2O和HF分子中N，O和F原子电负性的不同，四元环形状有比较明显的差异．     

HNCO与XCH2OH(X=CH3、NH2、OH、F)反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31 G(d,p)水平上按BERNY能量梯度解析全参数优化了HNCO和XCH2OH(X=CH3、NH2、OH、F)反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,分别找到了这4个反应的过渡态,并通过振动频率分析确认了过渡态结构,通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算确认了最低能量反应途径(MEP).讨论了过渡态时的虚频振动模式,对各驻点进行了零点能(ZPE)校正,并计算了4个反应的活化能.研究结果表明,异氰酸的醇解反应是1个亲核加成反应,甲醇取代物和异氰酸分别是电子给体和电子受体,并且甲醇取代物的羟基氢在反应中发挥了重要作用;4个反应均为放热反应,反应中1个σ键和1个π键断裂,2个新的σ键生成;过渡态是四元环结构,由于CH3CH2OH、NH2CH2OH、OHCH2OH、FCH2OH分子中C、N、O、F原子电负性不同,四元环构型存在较明显的差异.     

布洛芬分子手性转变裸反应机理及水分子的催化作用——基于羰基和苯环作H迁移桥梁

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法和微扰理论的MP2方法,研究了布洛芬分子手性转变裸反应和水助质子从手性碳向羰基迁移的机理。分子结构分析表明:水助质子从手性碳向羰基迁移过程的8元环过渡态b TS2·2H_2O和10元环过渡态b TS2·3H_2O对应的氢键键角都远大于6元环过渡态b TS2·1H_2O;过渡态b TS2·2H2O的8元环结构基本共面,过渡态a_TS1·3H_2O和b TS2·3H_2O的10元环结构明显偏离平面。反应路径研究发现:标题反应有6条路径,分别是质子只以羰基氧、以甲基碳和羰基O及以羧基和苯环联合作桥,从手性C的一侧迁移到另一侧。势能面计算表明:质子以羧基和苯环联合作桥迁移的路径为优势反应路径,裸反应的决速步吉布斯自由能垒为287.1 k J·mol~(-1),2个水分子构成的链使决速步的吉布斯自由能垒降为144.9 k J·mol~(-1)。结果表明:布洛芬分子的手性转变存在多条可能的路径,水分子对布洛芬分子的H迁移异构反应有明显的催化作用,生命体内水分子的存在、温度的涨落、分子的频繁碰撞和某种酶的作用等综合因素,是导致左旋布洛芬旋光异构的原因。     

次黄嘌呤氢迁移反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,在B3 LYP/6-31 G**水平下研究了无水催化、水催化次黄嘌呤氢迁移反应的微观机理和势能曲线图.计算结果表明:(1)无水催化时次黄嘌呤经过四元环的过渡态,发生分子内氢迁移反应,实现烯醇式向酮式的转变;(2)1分子水催化次黄嘌呤氢迁移反应过渡态的结构为六元环;(3)2分子水催化次黄嘌呤氢迁移反...     

CH3SH与ClO反应机理的量子化学及电子密度拓扑研究

采用B3LYP方法和6-311G(d,p)基组找到了CH3SH与ClO反应的6个可能的反应通道,得到了各反应通道的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的优化构型.对反应过程中若干关键点进行了电子密度拓扑分析,讨论了反应过程中键的断裂、生成和化学键的变化规律.找到了该反应的"结构过渡态"和"结构过渡区",非平面四元环状结构过渡态的发现拓展了原来对环状结构过渡态的定义.     

甲氧基硫代膦酰二氯自身异构化应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算方法在HF／6－31G水平上研究了甲基硫代磷酰二氯自身异构化反应的微观机理,优化得到了反应物,过渡态和产物的几何构型,经振动分析确证了过渡态的真实性,研究结果表明该异构化反应形成一个四元环过渡态而转变为产物,反应活化能为14.3kJ/mol,反应放热120.6kJ/mol,是一个易于进行的异构化反应。     

2-氯吡啶光氯化取代反应机理的量子化学研究

用PM3方法研究了2-氯吡啶光氯化取代反应的过渡态.研究结果表明,生成2,6-二氯吡啶、2,5-二氯吡啶、2,4-二氯吡啶、2,3-二氯吡啶不同产物的每一个反应通道都存在两个过渡态;反应体系沿反应坐标的变化为反应物→反应物络合物→第1过渡态→中间体→第2过渡态→产物络合物→产物;第2过渡态为主过渡态,生成2,6-二氯吡啶反应路径主过渡态的能量及活化能最低,分别为-139612.06和135.39kJ/mol,反应优先生成2,6-二氯吡啶.生成二氯吡啶反应过程中吡啶环反应部位CCl键的形成主要与共轭双键断裂同步,而CH键的断裂主要与共轭双键的重新形成同步.     

CH_3X键断裂电子转移反应的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论 (DFT)研究CH3 X的键断裂电子转移反应。从几种计算方法的结果比较中选出B3 LYP的DFT方法。随后用B3 LYP方法优化CH3 X的结构 ;计算CH3 X的键断裂电子转移反应的能量变化 ;找到了过渡态并进行了验证。     

甲酰胺热分解反应机理的理论探讨

对甲酰胺的热分解反应进行了精确理论研究,在CAS（6,6）／6－21G优化构型的基础上,用CASPT2法做了单点能量校准,推测反应有2种途径：反应I经三元环过渡态形成NH3和CO产物,反应II经四元环过渡态形成H2和HNCO产物,这2个反应为一对竞争反应,并且有B3LYP,MP2和HF方法进行了对比分析。     

丙酮光解离机制的理论研究——激发三重态位能面上的解离途径及乙酰基的热解离反应

用从头算自洽场分子轨道UHF方法,在3-21G基组上,研究了丙酮分子光解离为乙酰基(CH_3CO)和甲基(CH_3)的解离反应.计算是在(n,π＊)激发三重态势能面上.(n,π)激发三重态的丙酮分子途经一个C_1对称性的过渡态(T S1)生成一个(n,π＊)激发态的乙酰基和一个基态的甲基.该过程是断键和基团构象转化协同进行的单步反应.计算的垂直激发能和激发三重态位能面上的反应活化位垒分别为279.43和141.04kJ·mol~(-1).这些能量值与丙酮光解的实验条件相吻合.用相同的计算方法,进一步探讨了基态乙酰基分解为CH_3和CO分子的热解离反应.解离过程的过渡态(TS2)以σ键伸长为特征.该过程是一个断键在先,基团构象转化在后分开进行的单步反应.计算的活化位垒为56kJ·mol~(-1)与实验值(75kJ·mol~(-1))相接近.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~