基于IDL的MODIS影像地表蒸散发参数反演系统

针对水文水资源分析计算所需要的地表蒸散发参数难以获取的问题,利用MODIS遥感影像数据和气象观测数据,采用SEBAL(地表能量平衡)模型,并结合ENVI/IDL二次开发语言构建了流域陆面蒸散发反演系统.以黄河三花间(三门峡一花园口区间)流域为例,编程实现了地表温度、植被指数、水体指数、不透水面指数等蒸散发计算所需相关地表参数的提取和日陆面蒸散发量的计算,并利用IDL的统计分析功能,通过随机采样,综合分析了地表参数与蒸散发量的关系.应用结果表明,该系统具有平台无关性特点,人机交互友好,可作为独立模块加入水文分析等专业系统,有效解决了通用遥感软件缺乏专业信息提取功能的问题.     

基于SEBS模型的黑河流域蒸散发

利用MODIS遥感数据并结合地面气象观测数据,应用SEBS模型对黑河流域的蒸散发进行了估算,得到了黑河流域蒸散发的分布.结果表明:SEBS模型在估算黑河蒸散发上具有一定的精度,可满足区域日蒸散发估算的需要.     

陆面蒸散发估算研究综述

文章将估算区域蒸散发的方法从理论和实践角度作了概述与分析,首先介绍了水热平衡理论、空气动力学理论在确定陆面蒸散发过程中的应用,总结了这些理论在实践应用中创立的各种模型,它们是彭曼(Penman)公式、互补相关理论、SPAC理论、参考作物腾发量法、遥感法等,对这些模型作了对比分析,最后介绍了检验这些模型的方法。     

基于遥感双层模型的宝鸡峡灌区日蒸散发估算

本文选取了陕西宝鸡峡灌区为研究区,基于遥感双层模型,选择2000-2011年不同季节典型日的TM 数据,辅以气象观测资料,估算了宝鸡峡灌区典型日蒸散发,分析灌区内日蒸散发的时空分布以及不同土地利用类型日蒸散发季节变化.结果表明,基于遥感双层模型估算半干旱区的日蒸散发是可行的.模拟典型日中,春季晴日灌区日蒸散发约为5.06mm、夏季约为5.36mm、秋季约为4.24mm、冬季约1.03mm,呈单峰型分布,有较好的季节变化特征;不同季节日蒸散发的空间分布差异较大,不同土地利用类型的日蒸散发季节变化特征相似,但略有不同.利用Penman-Monteith公式计算值结合作物系数验证日蒸散发估算精度,其中耕地和林地相对误差约为20%,相关系数R2>0.7,表明遥感反演的日蒸散发精度较高.      

基于Landsat 5 TM的祁连山区蒸散发遥感估算——以青海祁连县为例

蒸散发的估算在区域能量平衡和水分循环研究中具有重要意义.本研究利用Landsat 5TM数据和能量平衡模型相结合,通过遥感数据获取各参量,对祁连山区的日蒸散发进行估算,研究表明估算值与实测值基本一致,相对误差为4.23%,基本上满足了该区域蒸散发研究的精度要求.通过对蒸散结果的分析发现,该区域的日蒸散发空间分布受气候特征、地形因素、土壤供水条件及土地利用类型的影响比较严重,其分布趋势主要在空间上表现出随海拔的降低而降低,阳坡蒸散量大于阴坡,在土地利用类型上呈现按照"林地沼泽地水域草地耕地城乡工矿居民用地"的类型而降低的规律,而永久性冰川雪地以及裸土裸岩石砾地的蒸散发则随冰川面积的缩小而减小.     

基于遥感数据的蒸散量估算研究概述

遥感技术因其经济、适用、高效等特点,在蒸散量估算研究中的应用越来越广泛。本文研究和总结了常用的遥感估算蒸散量的方法,分析了各种模型和方法的特点,对几种常用遥感数据在蒸散发研究中的应用现状做了概述,归纳了目前遥感估算蒸散量的研究中存在的问题,展望了遥感估算蒸散量的趋势。     

山东省聊城市农田区蒸散发量的遥感反演及影响因素分析

利用地表能量平衡系统模型,并结合中分辨率成像辐射光谱仪遥感数据以及实测气象数据,对山东省聊城市农田区2019年作物生长期3—9月在区域尺度内的蒸散发量进行遥感反演估算,确定农田区蒸散发量及其影响因素,并分析农田区蒸散发量的时空分布规律以及气象因素、归一化植被指数等地表参数对蒸散发量的影响程度。结果表明：遥感反演得到的日蒸散发量与Penman-Monteith公式计算值的误差在合理范围内;按农田区蒸散发量由大到小的季节顺序是春季、夏季、秋季、冬季,空间上呈现自西向东逐渐递减的趋势;日蒸散发量与归一化植被指数具有较强的正相关性,与地表比辐射率相关性较弱,与气温、比湿、风速、日照呈正相关,与气压呈负相关。     

卫星遥感植被地表温度空间特征的再认识

卫星遥感在监测陆面环境状况和估算陆面变量等领域有不可替代的优势,而卫星遥感估算的地表温度和植被指数产品在土壤墒情和干旱监测等方面有广泛的应用,该研究利用在不同时间尺度、空间尺度和不同土地覆盖类型上的植被指数和地表温度卫星遥感数据产品,分析了植被-地表温度空间中的散点分布形态特征.结果表明:在植被-地表温度空间中的散点分布形态受陆面多种因素影响,将其简化为三角形或梯形有失客观性,以此为基础,提出确定植被-地表温度空间中干边和湿边数值的方法.     

基于SEBS模型的辽河三角洲地表蒸发量的研究

利用MODIS数据,采用SEBS模型,结合地面站点观测的温度、湿度、风速、日照时数等气象数据,并结合地面气象观测数据,对辽河三角洲的蒸散发进行了估算,对辽河三角洲区域蒸散发量的时间分布特点进行了分析。得到了辽河三角洲蒸散发的分布结果,并对结果进行了可信度测试,结果表明模型在估算辽河蒸散发上具有一定的精度,可满足区域日蒸散发估算的需。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域蒸散发的遥感估算——以静宁县魏沟流域为例

利用TM遥感影像和地表热量平衡模型估算静宁县魏沟流域的蒸散发量,并结合地面实测资料进行检验,分析了该流域蒸散发的分布规律,研究了蒸散发量与土地利用、地表参数和地形参数的关系.结果表明,研究区当日蒸散发量为1.13～8.86 mm,平均4.94mm,分布上呈现由西北向东南递增的趋势;不同下垫面的蒸散发能力有一定差别,其中水体和林地的日蒸散发量最大;蒸散发量与INDV和高程等呈线性正相关,而与地表温度呈线性负相关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that