Starvation-induced changes in the autoradiographic localisation of valine uptake by rat small intestine

Summary We report here the effects of a 72-h fast on the localisation of Na-dependent [³H]-valine uptake by rat small intestine. Starvation results in the earlier appearance of valine transport during cell migration and an enhanced accumulation of the amino acid at the villus tip.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank MW Smith, PS James and IS King (AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge) for facilities and advice regarding autoradiography. Financial support from the British Digestive Foundation and Eli Lilly and Company is appreciated.     

Thiamine diphosphatase in rat small intestine

Summary TDPase is located mostly in the proximal portion of the small intestine and its activity, like that of ALPase, decreased markedly in thiamine deficiency. The decreased enzyme activities were restored after thiamine or vitamin D₃. Kinetic and other studies of the purified enzyme indicated the identity of the two enzymes.Acknowledgment. We thank Miss.T. Yagura and Miss.H. Kuroda for technical assistance.     

Synapses in the rat stomach and small intestine

Riassunto Nel plesso mienterico dello stomaco e dell'intestino tenue di ratto si osservano tipiche giunzioni sinaptiche sia axo-somatiche sia axo-dendritiche. Il numero di contatti sinaptici per unità di superficie di sezione o per cellula nervosa è piÚ di sei volte maggiore nello stomaco che nell'intestino tenue.     

Effect of diethylstilbestrol on glucose absorption by rat small intestine in vitro

Resumen El dietilestilbestrol inhibe la absorción activa de glucosa en el intestino de rata in vitro, aunque no impide la entrada del azucar en las células de la mucosa. La difusión pasiva de arabinosa y xilosa es facilitada por la droga.     

In vitro studies on bilirubin transport by the small intestine of the rat

Resumen Se estudió el transporte de bilirrubina no conjugada en asas intestinales aisladas y perfundidas de rata. Los resultados indican un pasaje bidireccional con la probable participación de un mecanismo de difusión simple.

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This work was supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, República Argentina, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (Md., USA) and Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social de la Provincia de Santa Fé (Republica Argentina).     

Galactose and leucine transport in the developing rat small intestine

Summary Jejunal transport of galactose and leucine was studied in 9-45-day-old rats by means of the everted sac technique. Maximum transport was observed in 9-10-day-old rats, but then decreased until the 22nd day, and remained unchanged from then on. There were no remarkable differences in the pattern of galactose and leucine transport over this period.     

Complex changes in the suckling rat's small intestine by the end of the third week of life

Zusammenfassung Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den histologischen Veränderungen und dem Wechsel des Enzymmusters im Darm der Ratte während des Über-ganges von Milch-zur Festnahrung werden beschrieben.     

Effects of plant sterols on cholesterol concentration in the rat small intestine

Summary The effects of feeding single doses of -sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol on cholesterol concentration in the rat small intestine was studied to clarify their roles in cholesterol absorption. The different plant sterols affected free and ester cholesterol concentrations differently in the different intestinal segments suggesting that they have different effects on such intestinal processes as uptake, esterification and possibly synthesis of cholesterol and transport of cholesterol esters out of the mucosal cells into the lymphatics.Acknowledgments. Financed by the Emergy Goff Research Award from the American Heart Association-Louisiana, Inc. and the NHLBI research grant HL-08974 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.     

Transport of thiamine by the small intestine in vitro

Riassunto È stato studiato il trasporto in vitro della tiamina con la tecnica dei sacchetti intestinali rovesciati di ratto. Usando una concentrazione di tiamina molto bassa (0.21 µM/l) si dimostra il passaggio della vitamina contro gradiente di concentrazione. L'impiego di inibitori metabolici e di analoghi strutturali della tiamina conferma l'esistenza di un trasporto attivo. In particolare l'inibizione del trasporto da parte della sola piritiamina, noto inibitore della tiaminochinasi intestinale, suggerisce la possibilità che alla base del meccanismo di trasporto della tiamina vi sia la sua fosforilazione.     

In vitro esterification of plant sterols by the esterifying enzyme of the small intestine of rat

Summary The in vitro esterification of plant sterols,-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, by the esterifying enzyme of the small intestine of rat was studied in the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Campesterol esterification was highest, followed by sitosterol and stigmasterol irrespective of the type of fatty acid. Both campesterol and sitosterol esterification was greater with unsaturated fatty acids than with saturated fatty acids.Acknowledgments. Financed by the Emery Goff Research Award from the American Heart Association, Louisiana, Inc. and the USPHS research grant HL-08974 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.     

In vitro esterification of plant sterols by the esterifying enzyme of the small intestine of rat

The in vitro esterification of plant sterols, beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, by the esterifying enzyme of the small intestine of rat was studied in the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Campesterol esterification was highest, followed by sitosterol and stigmasterol irrespective of the type of fatty acid. Both campesterol and sitosterol esterification was greater with unsaturated fatty acids than with saturated fatty acids.     

Epithelial cell swelling during incubation of rat small intestine in vitro

Résumé L'augmentation du fluide du tissu de l'intestin grèle incubé in vitro s'accompagne d'un accroissement du volume des cellules épithéliales.     

Effect of alcohol ingestion on the epithelial cell population in rat small intestine

Summary Chronic administration of alcohol to well-nourished rats led to striking changes in the small intestinal cell population. The present experiments corroborate the view that alcohol is directly toxic to the small intestine.The authors wish to thank Mr.P. R. Gaspar for the technical assistance.     

Oxygen consumption of the rat small intestine during infection with nematospiroides dubius

Summary Qo₂ of jejunal rings did not differ significantly between uninfected rats and rats infected for 7 days withNematospiroides dubius. Qo₂ of isolated jejunal mucosal epithelial cells was significantly greater 7 days after infection than in uninfected controls or at 29–36 days after infection.     

Starvation-induced adaptation of rat liver tyrosine transaminase and serine dehydrase

Résumé Les activités de la tyrosine transaminase et de la sérine déhydrase sont augmentées dans le foie de rats normaux ou surrénalectomisés soumis au jeûne. Ces augmentations, qui sont supprimées par la puromycine ou le glucose, ne sont dues ni à une sécrétion d'hormones surrénaliennes ni à une accumulation des substrats des enzymes.

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This work was supported by a grant (AM 07 249 02) from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Technical assistance of MmeYveline Van Heijenoort and MileCristiane Portemer (C.N.R.S.) is gratefully acknowledged.