膛内边界层计算的一种方法

该文采用了管内边界层流动的二维模型,研究了火炮身管内边界层流动和传热的数值计算。并且把身管内气流对壁面传热和管内热传导的解结合起来求解,以提供膛内传热分析中重要的壁温值和对流传热值,数值计算结果与文献报导较一致。     

复合材料身管膛内气流与固壁传热分析

为了给复合材料身管传热分析提供较为精确的边界条件,采用一维内弹道膛内流场模型,将弹后空间核心流部分考虑为包含气流与身管管壁发生摩擦和热交换的不稳定准一维流.得到身管内侧不稳定、非定常可压缩流的边界层方程.基于MacCormack有限差分方法求解该方程,得到的内弹道特征量与经典内弹道模型计算结果的相对误差在3%以内,同时结果显示瞬时气流速度对换热系数影响较大,因此在对复合材料身管传热分析时需采用气流温度和换热系数瞬时计算结果.     

火炮身管寿命预测问题的研究

该文根据火炮膛内烧蚀机理，提出了预测身寿命的过程和方法，首先按该心流为两相流，边界层为湍流的模式建立了预测壁温的腔内流动数学模型，对一定火炮进行了数值模拟，其次按膛壁烧蚀量与壁温成指数关系的经验公式计算烧蚀量。最后按烧蚀量计算弹丸初速下降量，再由初速下降百分量来预估身管寿命。     

气-汽对流传热参数的测定及变化规律

在原有“气—汽对流传热综合”设备的基础上,对传热实验过程和步骤进行创新设计,将化工原理中动量传递和热量传递理论结合起来,测定了综合传热过程中光滑管和粗糙管的摩擦系数和对流给热系数,讨论和分析了各参数的变化规律。     

弹丸膛内受热及其采用主动冷却技术的影响

该文通过对弹丸不同部位受热方式进行分析，建立了弹丸滞留预热身管中受热的组合模型，模拟了某大口径火炮在不同环境温度下，通过连续射击达到最大加热工况时，弹丸滞留身管的温度响应过程并预测了其安全停留时间，所得结果与试验实测数据吻合较好。在此基础上，就采用身管主动冷却技术对弹丸膛内安全停留产生的影响进行了探讨，结果表明：主动冷却技术可以有效地解决弹丸膛内滞留的热安全性问题。     

超临界压力下煤油传热特征试验研究

得到了煤油在超临界压力下流过电加热圆管的传热试验结果。试验结果表明,在试验段壁温和蔼同到拟临界温度后有传热强化现象发生,在极高热负荷下不但没有发生传热亚化,而且会发生第二次传热强化,煤油中加入添加剂提高损热负荷,给出了煤油在超临界压力下的传热关联式,其计算值和试验值吻合良好。     

供冷系统管路温升的合理计算

在供冷系统的设计中,管路温升通常不予计算,而是根据经验选定。合理计算供冷管路温升是提高供冷效率的前提,按常规热工方法计算供冷管路温升其数值很小,远小于实测值.本文对引起管路温升的机理作了分析,认为管路温升主要是管道壁的传热和水泵管道阻力损失温升两部分。管道壁传热温升的计算应在传统热工计算的基础上,补充考虑以下五个因素:1、太阳辐射热的吸热量;2、外壁发生凝水时的传热增强,需计算析湿系数;3、埋地管道中,由于非绝对稳态,引入增热系数;4、隔热层材料和安装质量等引起隔热结构恶化而引入隔热效率系数;5、管道附件、阀门、支撑等引起的附加冷量损失系数。据此,提出了各类管道传热温升的计算方法,其计算结果与实测数据基本吻合。本方法为降低管路温升,提高供冷效率,降低能耗提供了理论依据.     

气—气热管换热器的传热有效度—传热单元数设计方法

用传热有效度－传热单元数法对热管换热器中连续变化的流体温度进行了计算，得到了冷，热流体之间的换热量和各排热管出口处的流体温度。这种方法物理概念清晰，计算程序简单，计算结果准确，是一种较完善的热管换热器设计计算方法。     

内螺纹管临界压力区内水的传热特性研究

对垂直上升的内螺纹管临界压力区内水的传热特性进行了试验研究,根据试验结果,分别在亚临界部分和超临界部分进行了传热机理分析,得到了垂直上升内螺纹管对流沸腾传热随压力、质量流速及热负荷变化的复杂关系,总结了发生传热恶化时的条件,给出了恶化趋势预报,并给出了能用于工程实际的传热试验关联式,结果表明：虽然在临界压力区内内螺纹管改善传热的特性有所减弱,CHF情况有时在过冷区就发生,但是与光管相比,内螺纹管在临界压力区内仍然能够很好地改善传热,降低壁温。     

缠绕管换热器并管传热模型及实验

为了研究缠绕管式换热器中的并管结构的传热规律 ,对并管金属管壁的微元段建立热平衡方程 ,以管壁温度对称分布及通过两并管焊接结构的热量相等为边界条件 ,提出了并管传热模型。在以空气为工质的并管传热实验台上 ,测定了管壁温度 ,然后与模型计算管壁温度比较 ,验证了该传热模型的有效性。该模型是多流体并管式缠绕管换热器设计计算的基础。在低温和深冷分离工程中 ,这种结构紧凑可实现多流体换热的缠绕管式换热器 ,有着广泛的应用     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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