Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice byin vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R₁ plants were obtained. All of the 465 R₁ plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R₁ plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F₁ of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F₁ from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R₁ plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F₁ from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R₁ plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

分子标记辅助选育含有抗稻瘟病基因和软米基因两系不育系水稻新品系

以"浦软粳S"为转育亲本,利用分子标记辅助常规育种技术成功培育出含有Pi9,Pita,Pib和Pigm稻瘟病抗性基因及软米基因(Wx~(mq)),同时表现柱头外露率高的两系不育系水稻新品系"2179S"."2179S"不育系茎秆粗壮,矮杆大穗,株高为63.8 cm,柱头外露率平均为60%.研究结果为今后培育具有稻瘟病抗性的优质两系杂交水稻新组合提供不育系亲本.     

Studies of the energy release of mitochondria from sporophyte cytoplasmic male sterile rice by differential scanning calorimetry

The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) curves of the mitochondria isolated from two varieties of sporophyte cytoplasmic male sterile and their fertile lines of Yie Bai and Ma Xie type rice have been determined. The curves show that the energy is released continuously as temperature rise to 70°C. Some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the energy release of the mitochondria have been obtained. The presented results showed that the mitochondria from cytoplasmic male sterile rice released more heat and they had higher energy barrier, less rate, and more complicated mechanism than that of their fertile lines in the energy release process. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Biography: Zhou Pei-jiang (1956-), male, PhD, Associate professor. Current resarch interest is in biophysical chemistry and environmental ecological chemistry     

水稻光敏核不育性的遗传及相关分析

以花粉深染率、自然结实率为育性指标 ,于 2 0 0 1年观察分析了农垦 5 8S× 1 5 1 4F2 群体植株在武昌 (3 0°3 0′N)自然长日照条件下的育性表现 .实验结果表明农垦 5 8S的光敏不育性受两对核内隐性主基因控制 ,并受微效基因的修饰作用 .另外 ,对有关性状的相关分析结果表明 ,株高与抽穗期、花粉深染率和自然结实率呈现显著相关 ,花粉深染率或自然结实率与抽穗期不相关 ,花粉深染率与自然结实率呈高度正相关 (r=0 .75 74) .     

Gene expression profiling under different photoperiod/temperature conditions in a photoperiod-/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line of rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PSGMS) line was found in 1973 as a spontaneous mutant of the rice variety Nongken 58 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) in Hubei Province, China[1]. The fertility of this line was determined by day length and temperat…     

Identification of differentially expressed genes in photo-period sensitive genic male sterile rice by randomly amplified cDNAs using RAPD primers

The fertile and sterile young panicle representational populations were constructed by bulked sampling method using young panicles in the photo-period sensitive stage of fertility transformation. Two populations were analyzed using cDNA-RAPD. The results showed that: (i) bulked sampling method can be employed to analyze differentially expressed genes using cDNA-RAPD, taking an advantage in avoiding false positive caused by conventional sampling method. (II) Among 150 random primers used, 83 primers amplified the same banding patterns, and 34 primers amplified the same banding pattern but different staining of intensity on gel. (iii) 33 primers amplified differential cDNA bands between fertile and sterile cDNA populations, and the ratio of polymorphism was 22%. It is concluded that there may exist a lot of genes relating to sterility, which makes the differentially expressed cDNA fragments complicated.     

Identification of differentially expressed genes in photo-period sensitive genie male sterile rice by randomly amplified cDNAs using RAPD primers

The fertile and sterile young panicle representational populations were constructed by bulked sampling method using young panicles in the photo-period sensitive stage of fertility transformation. Two populations were analyzed using cDNA-RAPD. The results showed that: ( i ) bulked sampling method can be employed to analyze differentially expressed genes using cDNA-RAPD, taking an advantage in avoiding false positive caused by conventional sampling method. ( ii ) Among 150 random primers used, 83 primers amplified the same banding patterns, and 34 primers amplified the same banding pattern but different staining of intensity on gel. ( iii ) 33 primers amplified differential cDNA bands between fertile and sterile cDNA populations, and the ratio of polymorphism was 22%. It is concluded that there may exist a lot of genes relating to sterility, which makes the differentially expressed cDNA fragments complicated.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体 pmi1 的遗传与定位

通过甲基磺酸乙酯（简称EMS）诱变拟南芥Col－0种子获得一株隐形雄性不育突变体pollen mitosis1,pmil．遗传分析结果显示突变体为配子体遗传．细胞学观察发现突变体花粉粒发育出现异常：细胞塌陷,细胞核在单核靠边期后和花粉第一次有丝分裂（简称PMI）前的时间段发生降解．通过图位克隆方法将该基因定位在分子标记T19L18和T1D16之间,物理距离55Kb．测序分析证明这55Kb区间中的ERECTA基因的编码区在3067bp的位置发生单碱基替换,C／G变为A／T．由此说明ERECTA基因在拟南芥从单核小孢子到二细胞花粉的发育过程中起着重要作用．     

万寿菊雄性不育品系的POD同工酶分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）方法对万寿菊9个雄性不育品系及3个育性正常品系的小花、萼片、叶片进行了过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶酶谱分析,研究了不育品系间及其与正常品系间的差异。结果表明：不同品系的酶带数、R值、酶活性都存在着不同程度的差异;不育品系小花的酶谱比正常品系少快带区D,而且酶带数较少;在萼片的酶谱中,不育品系至少具有正常品系所没有的P4、P6和PIO中的1条,一般具有2条甚至3条,另外,品系的植株越矮,酶活性越强。     

苎麻雄性不育系与保持系花药发育的比较观察

 为研究苎麻雄性不育的早期表现和细胞学特征,采用常规石蜡切片,在显微镜下观察苎麻雄性不育系GS14-1及保持系GS13-X₁的雄蕊发育过程.发现保持系GS13-X₁的花药发育正常,形成正常的花粉粒;不育系GS14-1的雄性败育发生在较早阶段,多在雄花被形成后雌雄蕊原基分化期或花药形成初期发生败育,表现为雄蕊原基畸形或退化.但其败育的真正原因尚不清楚,有待进一步研究.     

水稻温敏核不育系HD9802S不育性遗传的初步观察

以水稻温敏核不育系HD9802S配组的HD9802S／湘早92和HD9802S／荆楚15的F1和F2代为材料,对这两个杂交早籼稻组合F2群体的花粉育性进行了观察分析．结果表明,F2群体中可育株数和不育株数经卡平方测验符合3：1的理论比例,初步确定温敏核不育系HD9802S的雄性不育性由一对主效隐性核基因控制;同时根据F2群体花粉育性表现出连续分布的特征,推测其雄性不育性还受其他微效基因的影响。     

温敏不育水稻热激条件下生理变化的初步研究

高温敏核不育水稻培矮64s在高温激（38度）条件下，花粉母细胞减数分裂期花药中的游离氨基酸总量明显高于可育温度下的游离氨基酸总量；而游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质的含量则明显低于可有育温度下的，这种热激反应必然影响花粉母细胞的正常分裂，以致花粉不能正常发育，最终导致花粉败育。     

The genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rice

Cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is a maternally inherited characteristic found in many （〉150） plant species. CMS/restoration systems are useful tools for hybrid seed production, and are ideal models for study of the interactions between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. CMS/restoration systems in rice have been widely used for hybrid seed production, greatly contributing to the food supply. This article reviews the progress of the studies on the genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rice.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体ms1521的基因定位

ms1521是经EMS诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥雄性不育突变体,通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现ms1521突变体是受隐性单基因控制,形态学观察表明：突变体的花缺失部分花瓣,雄蕊比较短,花药肥大,部分雄蕊的花药成丝状,利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因MS1521进行了定位,结果表明：MS1521位于第一条染色体分子标记F17F8Alu1和T19E23之间161kb的区间内,数据库预测,其中有11个与花发育有关的基因,试验将有助于对目的基因的克隆,控制花器官研究和雄性不育分子机制的研究。     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体EC2-157基因的精细定位

通过背景纯化与遗传分析,从拟南芥雄性不育突变体中筛选到一株隐性单基因控制的雄性不育株EC2—157．细胞学观察表明,突变体的花药中不形成花粉粒．利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因ms157进行了定位,结果表明ms157位于第四条染色体上分子标记CIW7和T13K14之间285kb的区间内．目前尚未见到该区间雄性不育基因的报道,因此ms157是一个新的雄性不育基因．     

水稻与菰属间性状转移研究

通过花粉管通道法实现了水稻与菰属间的性状转移,获得了可遗传的转基因水稻种子,所获得的转菰基因后代性状变异深刻、类型丰富,多种数量性状改良明显,得到部分形态、生育及经济性状方面有价值的材料,这些材料可望填补水稻种质资源的一些空白,而且部分材料已在多抗、高产、优质种上初见成效。     

Mapping of the nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility in rice using microsatellite markers

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of a BC, population derived from Congguang 41A//Miyang 23/Congguang 41B was used to map the nuclear fertility restorer gene for Honglian (HL) cytoplasmic male sterility. One hundred and fifty-nine microsatellite primer pairs were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants. One microsatellite marker RM258 produced polymorphic products. The nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility was mapped on chromosome 10, 7.8cM from RM258. The restorer gene may be clustered on chromosome.     

水稻花培育种技术操作和无性系变异体选择

概述了水稻花培育种的技术操作程序和细胞无性系变异的选择方法。选择合适的水稻花培起始材料,选用适宜的培养基配方,对于水稻花培中愈伤组织诱导和分化至关重要。某些增效因子（例如水解乳蛋白、单核苷酸、ＡｇＮＯ３等）可提高灿稻花培的绿苗分化率。无性系变异为农作物细胞工程育种提供丰富的选择材料。通过对细胞变异的研究,建立了裸米选择－测米培胚的技术方法,并选育出多个高蛋白量的水稻优质品种（品系）。     

杨树雄性不育品种花粉发育过程的细胞学观察

【目的】了解杨树小孢子败育的时期及影响小孢子败育的因素,为杨树雄性不育新品种选育提供科学依据。【方法】以杨树雄性不育品种‘泗杨1号'为材料,在光学显微镜下观察花粉粒细胞发育过程; 在扫描电子显微镜下进行败育花粉粒的形态观察,并与可育品种‘南林3412'杨进行比较分析。【结果】显微镜下观测发现在四分体时期以后,即单核小孢子期,雄性不育品种‘泗杨1号'大部分小孢子发生异常,开始表现出败育性状。在花粉粒成熟期小孢子开始发生解体,小孢子败育。同时,用扫描电子显微镜观察仅有的少量花粉粒发现其异常变形,不同于正常花粉粒形态。【结论】‘泗杨1号'小孢子败育从单核小孢子时期开始,在花粉粒成熟期小孢子发生解体,小孢子败育。影响‘泗杨1号'小孢子败育主要原因是绒毡层细胞降解的延迟,影响小孢子发育营养物质的供给,导致小孢子发生败育; 除此之外,花药室内的Ca²⁺浓度、花药内壁乌氏体的分布也有可能影响‘泗杨1号'小孢子的发育过程。