Optimizing the trade-off between defense and growth boosts maize yield

正With support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the study led by Prof.Wu QingYu(吴庆钰)at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences revealed the important roles of maize G protein,a molecular signaling switch,in regulating defense and growth tradeoff.This work was published in PNAS (2020,117(3):1799—1805).     

Enhanced sustainable green revolution yield via nitrogen-responsive chromatin modulation in rice

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Key Research and Development Program of China,the research team led by Prof.Fu XiangDong (傅向东)at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,uncovered a previously unknown GA signaling that explains the increased yield and tillering of cereal Green Revolution Varieties(GRVs)that is a key component for future agricultural sustainability,which was published in Science     

Epigenetic regulation of paired NLR receptors confers durable disease resistance without yield penalty in rice

正Subject Code:C14 With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.He Zuhua(何祖华)at the National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research,Shanghai Institute of Plant PhysiologyEcology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,     

水稻高温感知及响应机制的研究进展

全球气候变暖威胁粮食安全,水稻极易受到高温的影响而减产。植物通过不同层面感知高温并激活下游的高温响应,包括膜流动性、蛋白质内稳态和活性氧内稳态平衡的改变等。水稻在不同的亚细胞结构(细胞膜、内质网、叶绿体)和不同的生理生化过程(核酸、蛋白质、代谢)上响应高温。自然位点在生产应用上更为便捷,其中TT1(Thermotolerance 1)、TT2、TT3是三个重要的水稻耐高温自然位点,并分别通过参与毒性蛋白清除、钙信号介导的蜡质代谢以及细胞膜-叶绿体信号转导调控水稻抗热,因此挖掘耐高温自然位点,解析作物高温感知及响应机制,为培育抗高温作物新品种提供理论基础,具有重要意义。     

水旱稻分化与节水抗旱稻

 普通野生稻在向栽培稻演化的过程中,形成旱稻和水稻两类适应不同土壤水分条件的生态类型,其中旱稻先于水稻驯化且长期受到“产量-抗旱性”的“双向选择”。采用“双向选择”策略,可将水稻的高产优质特性与旱稻的节水抗旱特性整合,育成节水抗旱稻。节水抗旱稻的水分利用效率高、抗旱性强,适合于“旱直播旱管”的绿色栽培模式,既可在水田不淹水栽培,又可在旱地或山坡地直播种植,拓展了栽培稻的种植空间。节水抗旱稻生产过程中可大幅度节约灌溉用水、减少面源污染和甲烷排放,降低劳动成本。     

水稻的病程相关基因简

在几乎所有的植物中都有病程相关（pathogenesis-related,PR）基因的报道,其广泛存在及序列特征和功能的保守性提示着其重要性. 最初发现PR基因主要是由于它们在植物受到病原物侵染时会大量表达. 但近年来的研究表明,PR基因在衰老、伤害、非生物逆境胁迫、激素处理甚至正常生长发育过程中也发挥着作用. 由于PR基因种类、数目较多,前期的命名系统不统一,给深入了解PR基因的功能造成了不便. 本文系统整理了水稻PR基因的相关报道,集合了PR基因的类别、数目、名称、注释信息、代表性基因的功能,归纳了PR基因在抗病、抗逆和发育过程中的转录或表达特征及转PR基因后的表现,并以Loc号和序列为核心,将文献中有不同名称的同一基因进行了对应. 另外,还展望了水稻PR基因研究的意义和今后的重点研究方向,以供同行参考.     

Balance grain for green on the Loess Plateau

<正>Under the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Fund,the research team led by Prof.Chen YiPing(陈怡平)at the Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,cooperated with Prof.He XinHua(何新华)at the School of Plant Biology,University of Western Australia,reported recently in Nature Geoscience     

In situ atomistic observation of disconnection-mediated grain boundary migration

<正>Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Zhang Ze(张泽)and Prof.Wang JiangWei(王江伟)at the Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,revealed the atomistic mechanism of disconnection-mediated grain boundary migrations in metallic     

玉米丰产方综合配套技术之浅见

玉米是农业生产由粮食—经济作物的二元结构向粮食—饲料—经济作物三元结构转变中最具有战略性的作物之一,在粮食总产量中所占的比重份额越来越大。为了稳定国家粮食安全大局,应保障粮食有效供给和农民持续增收。以精量穴播技术为中心,将测土配方施肥、施用抗旱保水剂、加厚耕作层等多项技术集成,配合优良品种、病虫害综合防治和田间科学管理等常规农业技术,提高了综合地力、增加了粮食产量。平均单产比前3年增产11.11%,667 m2节约化肥投入30元,肥料利用率提高10%以上。     

Evidence of van Hove singularities in ordered grain boundaries of graphene

With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Basic Research Program of China, Prof. Hou Jianguo and Prof. Wang Bing＇s laboratory at Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, reported the existence of van Hove singularities in ordered grain boundaries in graphene, which was published in Physical Review Letters （2014, 112： 226802）.     

The new rice 57H mutants to explore

谷蛋白是水稻种子储藏蛋白的主要成分本研究采用SDS-PAGE技术,从90份水稻种质中,发掘出1个57KD谷蛋白前体高量表达、其他储藏蛋白性状没有明显变化的新型57H突变体所发掘的突变体,是可用于水稻蛋白质营养品质遗传育种研究的有用素材.     

Localization and speciation of mercury in brown rice

<正>Cultivation of paddy rice for human consumption is a dominant agricultural activity throughout Asia.High levels of mercury(Hg)in rice grain pose a potential threat to human health,although the extent ofrisk is dependent on the chemical speciation of Hg inside the grain.     

节水抗旱稻及其发展策略

立足于节水抗旱的生理与遗传机制, 对提高干旱条件下水稻产量有积极作用的 避旱和耐旱两方面进行阐述, 并结合过去多年的抗旱研究积累, 提出了发展节水抗旱稻 的策略与方法, 主要包括4 个方面: (ⅰ) 可指导育种实践的抗旱性评价方法体系; (ⅱ) 抗旱资源的抗旱性分析与发掘; (ⅲ) 成功的节水抗旱稻育种技术流程; (ⅳ) 强调注重理 论研究成果的积累与育种工作相结合, 从育成品种出发研究解析节水抗稻的分子机制.     

LATERAL FLORET 1 induced the three-florets spikeletin rice

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.He Guanghua(何光华)from the Rice Research Institute,Southwest University demonstrates that LATERAL FLORET 1induces the"three-florets spikelet"in rice,which was published in PNAS(2017,114(37):9984-9989).     

虫害诱导的水稻挥发物抑制水稻病原菌的生长

虫害诱导的植物挥发物在调节植物、植食性昆虫及其天敌的相互关系以及植物与植物之间的化学通讯中有重要作用. 为了阐明植物挥发物功能的多样性, 研究了虫害诱导的水稻挥发物对植物病原菌生长的影响. 结果表明, 供试的7种虫害诱导的水稻挥发物对稻瘟病菌Pyricularia grisea Sacc. 和水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. 的生长均有抑制作用. 挥发物的种类以及不同的处理浓度导致了抑制作用间的差异, 其中绿叶性气味物质(E)-2-己烯醛和(E)-2-己烯-1-醇对病原菌抑制作用最强, 另外萜烯类物质中芳樟醇对其也有明显的抑制. 虫害诱导的挥发物对植物病原菌生长的抑制说明了植物间接防御物质具有对植物病原菌直接防御的功能, 植物挥发物在植物病虫害防治中的潜力巨大.     

New bubble-exfoliation route to prepare high-quality graphene with high yield

正With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,the research team led by Prof.Ding Guqiao(丁古巧)and Dr.He Peng(何朋)at Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,achieved a     

光敏色素影响赤霉素调控的水稻幼苗光形态建成特征

赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)是一种重要的植物激素, 它与光敏色素协同调节拟南芥植株的光形态建成特征. 但是GA对水稻幼苗光形态建成和暗形态建成的影响, 特别是在此过程中光敏色素与GA之间的相互作用仍不清楚. 本研究利用野生型和光敏色素突变体(phyA和phyB)水稻作为研究材料, 分析了GA生物合成抑制剂多效唑(PAC)对黑暗和光照下生长的水稻幼苗胚芽鞘、地上部分和主根延伸以及光调控基因LHCB表达的影响. 据此推测, 在暗生长条件下, PAC处理能够抑制野生型水稻幼苗胚芽鞘的生长, 诱导LHCB基因的表达; phyA突变体对PAC处理的反应不如野生型敏感; phyB突变体和野生型反应基本相同. 在光照条件下, PAC处理能够抑制水稻幼苗地上部分的生长, phyB突变体对PAC处理的反应不如野生型和phyA突变体敏感. 此外, phyB介导的光信号负调控PAC诱导的主根延伸反应. 据此推测, GA是维持水稻幼苗暗形态建成、抑制光形态建成所必需的; 另一方面, phyA和phyB或正或负调控PAC所诱导的光形态建成反应. 本研究结果揭示了光敏色素和GA在水稻幼苗生长发育中的相互作用, 为进一步研究光和GA协同调控水稻发育的分子机制奠定了基础.     

"Molecule secret" for the high production of rice

With the funding support from NSFC, the research team directed by Prof. Jiaxiang Li (Member of CAS) from Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS and Prof. Qian Qian from China National Rice Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences deeply studied "Rice Tillering" in the subject of Molecular Genetics, and made glorious achievement.