水蒸气在船用冷凝器中滴状冷凝的分析

利用物理学的有关理论分析了冷凝器表面实现滴状冷凝的条件，从而可知改变表面涂层特性可以改善相变形态。这就为研制促进滴状冷凝表面涂层提供了理论依据。     

冷凝换热表面超疏水复合涂层的制备及性能

针对目前促成滴状冷凝换热的超疏水表面造价昂贵、热导率低和综合性能差等问题,以可溶性聚四氟乙烯、改性石墨烯(C)、气相二氧化硅等为原料,通过共混法在不锈钢基材上制备了用于冷凝传热表面的高导热超疏水复合涂层,并对其耐腐蚀能力、导热系数、强度和蒸汽冷凝传热性能进行测试分析。结果表明,涂层的耐酸腐蚀性能、导热性能强于304不锈钢,当含3%的C时,导热系数为18.188W·(m·K)^-1,在20%硫酸浓度恒温30℃条件下腐蚀速率为0.201mg·(cm²·h)^-1,和基材结合强度达38MPa。SEM分析表明,涂层疏水性能与气相二氧化硅含量有关,且质量分数为10%时接触角达155°。冷凝实验表明常压蒸汽在涂层表面冷凝时传热系数达120k W·(m²·K)^-1,大于不锈钢表面近10倍,并得出其滴状冷凝不持久的原因。     

水平螺旋管外V型槽强化冷凝传热的理论研究

对水平螺旋管外开有Ｖ型槽时的凝结换热强化问题进行了理论研究．针对Ｖ型槽的冷凝换热特点,将Ｖ型槽流动区域分为传热区和液流区两个部分,对其分别建立了理论模型,并进行了数学描写．通过分析两个区之间流动和换热的有机联系,得到了螺旋管外Ｖ型槽冷凝换热问题的理论解,并给出了能用于工程实际的换热准则方程式．     

烟道气的冷凝传热与脱硫的实验研究

实验研究了锅炉烟气在轴流式塑料螺旋板空气预热器中的传热特性．与圆管内和圆形套管内层流单相对流换热进行了比较．具有烟气冷凝的对流换热研究反映冷凝换热与单相对流换热具有同等重要性,与纯蒸气冷凝换热有明显不同,也不同于湿空气去湿过程．采用修正后的古典膜模型对烟气冷凝的计算与实验结果有较好的一致性．伴随烟气冷凝,烟道气中所含SO2和NO2被冷凝液吸收,降低了有害气体浓度．     

内外螺旋三角翅片管管外冷凝传热建模与优化(Ⅱ)--数值分析与优化

为优化ＩＯＳＦ管的管外几何参数,根据所建数学物理模型,对不同换热工况和不同结构参数进行数值分析与模拟优化．研究结果表明：当管长Ｌ＝０．７ｍ、螺旋角β＝１８°、管外径Ｄｏ＝０．０１６ｍ,Ｈ＝０．００１ｍ时,φ＝７６°与Ｎ＝３２是最佳匹配参数,此时有最大平均冷凝换热系数;ＩＯＳＦ管管外螺旋角在β＜２７°的范围内,其管外传热特性与纵槽管基本相当;翅片夹角φ和螺旋槽头数Ｎ是对ＩＯＳＦ管管外冷凝换热产生主要影响的结构参数;局部冷凝换热系数沿管长跌落主要集中在开始的０．５ｍ内,因此排液盘的间距应不大于０．５ｍ,才能更有助于平均冷凝换热系数的提高     

含不凝性气体的蒸汽在垂直圆管内表面冷凝换热的实验研究

通过对蒸汽与氮气混合物在垂直圆管内表面冷凝换热的实验研究,分析了不凝性气体对蒸汽冷凝换热的影响,给出了含不凝性气体的蒸汽的Nusselt准则方程．结果表明,不凝性气体的存在使得纯蒸汽的冷凝效果下降．     

极地海洋工程装备圆管结构的对流换热影响

电伴热是极地海洋工程装备防寒主要措施，而热平衡是对流换热的关键问题.以圆管构件为研究对象，采用有限元数值仿真软件Fluent数值仿真与模型实验相结合的方法，分析了圆管构件在风速为0～40 m/s、温度为-40～0℃的极地环境条件下对流换热系数变化情况；基于数值仿真数据建立了电加热圆管构件对流换热系数的预测模型.结果表明：增大风速和降低温度都会增加圆管构件的对流换热系数；温度低于-30℃或风速大于25 m/s且温度低于-20℃时，温度对圆管的对流换热系数影响增大；实测数据验证了该模型的合理性.     

横向翅片扁管换热器和叉排圆管换热器的传热和流阻性能对比

为提高换热器传热和流阻性能,提出一种横向翅片扁管换热器,特征为扁管两侧有圆弧形迎风面,翅片在扁管上下横向平行布置,扁管内部由加强筋分隔为多条流道。将横向翅片扁管换热器与叉排圆管换热器的传热和流阻性能进行对比,得到不同工况下两种结构换热器的传热性能参数和空气阻力,进而计算得到表示单位压降下换热强弱的综合性能指标。采用最小二乘法拟合得到管外传热系数、阻力、综合性能指标与雷诺数的准则关联式。结果表明：横向翅片扁管换热器的空气阻力远远小于叉排圆管换热器,风速为4 m/s时,横向翅片扁管换热器单位长度压降为441.56 Pa/m,而叉排圆管换热器为1 933.04 Pa/m;雷诺数大于2×10⁴时,横向翅片扁管换热器综合换热能力超过叉排圆管换热器,综合性能指标最大值为叉排圆管换热器的2.58倍。     

波槽管管外蒸汽凝结换热若干影响因素实验研究

介绍了布置方式、真空、管材及凝结方式等因素对波槽管管外凝结换热影响的实验结果，并对结果进行了分析．对于布置方式而言，在条件允许的前提下，冷凝器采用水平布置比较合理；真空条件下，不凝性气体含量对凝结换热影响较大，应重视冷凝器的密封问题；管材B30传热性能较好，而钛材具有耐腐蚀，质量轻等优点；若对外壁面进行改性处理以促进珠状凝结，这将是进一步提高波槽管总体传热性能的重要途径，所得结论对波槽管的开发应用有重要的参考价值．     

水平螺旋槽铜管管外水蒸气凝结换热准则方程

凝结换热试验结果表明，所试验的水平单头螺旋槽铜管管外水蒸气凝结换热系数约为光管的两倍；通过理论分析，得到了考虑表面张力作用的水平单头螺旋槽的管凝结换热准则方程．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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