基于地基GPS的暴雨水汽输送分析研究

利用地基GPS大气可降水量资料、常规气象资料和美国国家环境预报中心(National Cholesterol Education Program.NCEP)资料分析了2005年8月22-24日云南一次暴雨期间的水汽输送过程,分析了云南地基GPS立体布局的重要性.结果表明,GPS遥感的大气可降水量与探空观测结果有高度的一致性;地基GPS探测可以获得大气可降水量高频变化的信息;暴雨期间水汽输送主要集中在850～600 hPa之间的各层;立体布局的地基GPS网是监测西南水汽通道的有力手段.     

多金属氧酸盐/亚甲基蓝多层膜的制备及性质研究

我们采用层接层自组装技术将多金属氧酸盐H3PW12O40(PW12)和小分子有机染料亚甲基蓝(MB)组装成多层复合膜,并将此复合膜通过X射线光电子能谱、红外和循环伏安进行表征。紫外可见光谱表明,PW12与MB通过静电吸引,可以很好的自组装成均匀的多层膜,并且比较了复合膜与PW12/MB混合水溶液的区别。     

固体杂多酸催化制备芸芥生物柴油

研制出清洁、环境友好的制备生物柴油的方法。以固体杂多酸Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40为非均相催化剂,芸芥植物油为原料,与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油。考查了反应时间、反应温度、醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量及催化剂的使用次数对芸芥油转化率的影响。探究出制备生物柴油的最佳反应条件。与传统的均相催化剂(H2SO4、NaOH)相比,固体杂多酸Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40表现出相同的催化活性,并易于分离,可重复使用。而且杂多酸的催化活性不受芸芥油中游离脂肪酸和水含量的影响。可在短时间、低温(室温)条件下完成酯化反应。结果表明,耐水型Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40是制备生物柴油的环境友好型固体酸催化剂。芸芥生物柴油的各项指标符合美国生物柴油标准。     

Zn(OH)4-6和Zn(H2O)2+6系列配合物的电子结构

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3PW91方法，在Lanl2dz、6-31G(d,p)、6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对具有不同点群对称性的Zn(OH)^4-₆及Zn(H₂O)²⁺₆系列配合物的几何构型进行了全优化并在B3PW91/6/311++G(d,p)水平上对前线轨道、振动频率等性质进行了分析。Zn(OH)^4-₆系列配合物中具有D_3d点群对称性的构型最稳定，Zn(H₂O)²⁺₆系列配合物中具有T_h点群对称性的构型最稳定。从体系能量角度考虑，Zn(OH)^4-₆·6H₂O体系比Zn(H₂O)²⁺₆·6OH^-体系稳定。通过振动分析得到的O—H键吸收峰在3816和1638cm^-1位置处，Zn—O键的吸收峰在541和391cm^-1位置处，与文献报道的实验数值相符，证明所采用的理论方法及基组适用于研究Zn(OH)₆^4-和Zn(H₂O)²⁺₆系列配合物的电子结构。     

北京地区一次强降水过程的多种观测资料四维变分同化试验

采用MM5非静力预报模式及其伴随模式系统,对2005年汛期北京地区的一次局地强对流降水过程进行了包括地面每3小时一次的湿度观测资料、北京地区自动站逐小时降水资料、北京地区逐30分钟GPS可降水量观测在内的多种观测资料的四维变分同化试验。结果表明,采用四维变分方法同化多种非常规中尺度观测资料后,模式成功地模拟出此次降水过程,不仅很好地修正了变分同化窗内的降水预报,同时也使同化窗口以后的降水预报获得了较为明显的改善,并且发现同化了多种观测资料后获得的最优初始场较原模式初始场对流不稳定能量显著增加,具有更利于降水形成的动力及热力条件。另外还对各种观测资料在四维变分同化中的相对重要性进行了分析。     

玉竹多糖的研究——分离纯化及其性质

从玉竹中分离得水溶性玉竹多糖PW—Ⅰ和PW—Ⅱ,初步结构测定表明多糖链的连接方式主要为β-(1→2)。     

Analysis of the ionosphere wave-motion with GPS

The periodic solar activities strongly affect the ioniza-tion of the ionosphere. Sudden enhancements in soft and hard solar X-ray and EUV radiation during solar flare can produce an immediate increase in ionospheric ionization in various degrees at different heights; altogether, they are called sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs), which are generally recorded as sudden increase of total electron content (SITEC), the short wave fadeout (SWF), sudden frequency deviation (SFD), sudden ph…     

北京地区一次强降水过程的多种观测资料四维变分同化试验

采用MM5非静力预报模式及其伴随模式系统,对2005年汛期北京地区的一次局地强对流降水过程进行了包括地面每3小时一次的湿度观测资料、北京地区自动站逐小时降水资料、北京地区逐30分钟GPS可降水量观测在内的多种观测资料的四维变分同化试验。结果表明,采用四维变分方法同化多种非常规中尺度观测资料后,模式成功地模拟出此次降水过程,不仅很好地修正了变分同化窗内的降水预报,同时也使同化窗口以后的降水预报获得了较为明显的改善,并且发现同化了多种观测资料后获得的最优初始场较原模式初始场对流不稳定能量显著增加,具有更利于降水形成的动力及热力条件。还对各种观测资料在四维变分同化中的相对重要性进行了分析。     

Near-field surface movement during the Wenchuan M s8.0 earthquake measured by high-rate GPS

Based on high-rate (1 Hz) GPS data from the Sichuan GPS Continuous Observation Network on the footwall of the Longmenshan Fault, we have characterized the near-field surface movement process during the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake. Results show that the maximum deformation near the fault is larger than the deformation set. Stations on the northern segment of the fault moved towards the epicenter first, and then turned toward the vertical orientation of the fault. Deformation of stations on the southern segment is smaller and recovered. The initial motion at all of the stations was downward followed by periodic up and down movements. Comparing the displacement from high-rate GPS and accelerograph data, we can see that they are consistent prior to the arrival of the principal shock, but afterwards a 10 cm difference is found, even though they are synchronized and in phase. More work is yet to be done to explain this. This is the first time that actual the real near-field surface movements of an earthquake of M >7.0 have been determined in china. These measurements are therefore of high value for studies of surface rupture processes and the analysis of seismic wave travels paths in this region.     

金华母猪生长性状的通径分析及最优回归方程的建立

对金华母猪初生重、60日龄重、4月龄重、6月龄体长、6月龄胸围、6月龄体高、6月龄膘厚和6月龄重8个生长性状的通径分析和回归分析结果表明：4月龄重、6月龄体长和6月龄胸围对6月龄重有极显著影响。建立最优回归方程为：Y=-39．6286 0．4445x3 0．3753x4 0．3939x5。     

Hβ负载磷钨酸催化剂上甲苯和均三甲苯烷基转移与歧化反应

讨论了甲苯和均三甲苯烷基转移与歧化反应制备二甲苯过程中Hβ负载磷钨酸系列催化剂的催化性能.结果表明:反应主要为甲苯烷基转移和均三甲苯歧化反应;随着催化剂中Hβ上磷钨酸负载量的增加,均三甲苯转化率、二甲苯选择性和收率均先增加后减少,当磷钨酸质量分数为10%时,总酸量达到最大,总转化率、二甲苯收率及二甲苯选择性也分别达到最大值,即77.0%、38.5%和51.1%.催化剂XRD图谱显示负载的磷钨酸高度分散于Hβ分子筛表面,对载体晶体结构无影响.     

Insight into the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from GPS measurements in southeast Asia

Data collected at approximately 60 Global Positioning System (GPS) sites in southeast Asia show the crustal deformation caused by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake at an unprecedented large scale. Small but significant co-seismic jumps are clearly detected more than 3,000 km from the earthquake epicentre. The nearest sites, still more than 400 km away, show displacements of 10 cm or more. Here we show that the rupture plane for this earthquake must have been at least 1,000 km long and that non-homogeneous slip is required to fit the large displacement gradients revealed by the GPS measurements. Our kinematic analysis of the GPS recordings indicates that the centroid of released deformation is located at least 200 km north of the seismological epicentre. It also provides evidence that the rupture propagated northward sufficiently fast for stations in northern Thailand to have reached their final positions less than 10 min after the earthquake, hence ruling out the hypothesis of a silent slow aseismic rupture.     

1：9磷钨杂多化合物的合成及结构表征

以钨酸钠和磷酸二氢钠为原料，通过控制溶液的介质和pH值，合成了PW9系列杂多化合物．首次通过UV，NMR，IR及XRD光谱对PW9杂多化合物的结构进行了表征，并对1：9磷钨杂多化合物的合成条件进行了讨论．     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)水解产物的~(31)P核磁研究

介绍了31 P核磁共振监测下 ,MOH(M =Li+ ,Na+ ,K+ ,Mg+ ,Ca2 + )滴定不同浓度的H3PW1 2 O4 0(简称PW1 2 )的水解情况 .从中得出由PW1 2 制备PW1 1 M适宜的 pH条件     

GPS/INS integration: A performance sensitivity analysis

Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been widely used in a variety of positioning and navigation applications. Both systems have their unique features and shortcomings. Therefore, the integration of GPS with INS is now critical to overcome each of their drawbacks and to maximize each of their benefits. The integration of GPS with INS can be implemented using a Kalman filter in such modes as loosely, tightly and ultra-tightly coupled. In all these integration modes the INS error states, together with any navigation state (position, velocity, attitude) and other unknown parameters of interest, are estimated using GPS measurements. In a high performance system it is expected that all these unknown states will be precisely estimated. Although it has been noted that both the quality of the GPS measurements and the trajectory and/or manoeuvre characteristics of the problem will have impacts on system performance, a systematic sensitivity analysis is still lacking. This paper will address this issue through real data analyses. The performance analysisresults are very relevant to system design and platform trajectory and/or manoeuvre optimisation.     

Keggin型铬取代磷钨杂多阴离子在D301R树脂上的吸附性质

 详细研究了Keggin型铬取代杂多阴离子PW 11O 39Cr(III)(H ₂O) ^4- (PW 11 Cr)在D301R弱碱性阴离子交换树脂上的吸附行为,考察了不同pH和温度对吸附容量和吸附速率的影响,根据测定的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,提出了吸附所遵从的热力学和动力学模型,并计算了相应的吸附热力学函数和速率常数。结果表明,在PW 11 Cr稳定存在的pH范围内,PW 11 Cr的吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而增加,随溶液温度的升高而降低;吸附动力学符合表面过程控制的准二级吸附模型,吸附速率常数k2在298 K时为154×10 ^-3 g·mg ^-1·min ^-1,并随温度的升高而减小;吸附等温线符合Freundlich吸附模型,吸附热约为-37 kJ·mol ^-1,为物理吸附。     

咪唑-磷钨酸杂化固体酸催化纤维素水解为葡萄糖

合成一种咪唑-磷钨酸杂化固体酸1-（3-磺酸基）丙基-3-甲基咪唑磷钨酸盐（[MIMPS] 3PW12O40）,并将其应用于催化纤维素的水解反应之中.与H2SO4,HCl,对甲苯磺酸（p-TSA）以及H3PW12O40相比,[MIMPS] 3PW12O40的催化活性与反应选择性都更佳.通过单因素法对反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、固液比等进行考察与优化,结果发现：在453 K下,n（[MIMPS]3PW12O40）∶n（纤维素）=5.8％时,即可极大地促进纤维素链的断裂、解离和水合;水解反应仅3h后,还原糖和葡萄糖的产率分别为34.0％,21.0％.此外,调节反应体系的pH值约为2时,催化剂以固体沉淀的方式得以回收,且经过5次重复利用后仍能保持良好的催化性能.     

Terrain imaging using a SAR system based on reflected GPS signals

This paper describes a 3D multi-static synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging system which utilises reflected GPS signals from moving objects on the Earth's surface. The principle of bi-static radar is used to model the reflected GPS signals. The movement of a visible GPS satellite serves as a base for a synthetic aperture over an observation time period. As an example, a MATLAB simulation has been carried out in order to detect the movement of imaged object sunder the assumption of one static GPS receiver with two targets which move with different speeds. The influence of the visible satellite'sposition and velocity on the spatial resolution of such a SAR system isdiscussed. Simulation results show that by measuring the cross-correlation of the reflected GPS signal from the terrain and objects on it,the detection of the objects can enjoy a good spatial resolution for thecase of moving objects and a moving GPS receiver. Furthermore, thespatial resolution is also related to the selection of visible GPS satelliteswith respect to their azimuths, elevations and velocities. This systemhas the following useful features: (a) no dedicated signal transmitter is required; (b) the GPS signal frequency is reused; (c) GPS operates round-the-clock and its signals cover the entire Earth's surface; (d) low power consumption; and (e) known GPS signal structure.     

酸性沸石催化葡萄糖制备5-羟甲基糠醛研究

以酸性沸石为催化剂,催化葡萄糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF).沸石催化剂采用固载磷钨酸(PW)和脱铝两种方法制备,固载PW方法用3种类型沸石:HY、MCM-41和HMOR,脱铝方法用HY型沸石,共制得产物PW/MCM-41、PW/HMOR、PW/HY、HY-D0.2和HY-D1.0,考察沸石结构、反应温度、葡萄糖与水质量比、催化剂与葡萄糖质量比对制备5-HMF的影响.结果表明,沸石固载PW后5-HMF的产率均有所提高,其中,以Y型沸石(HY)固载PW后(PW/HY)作为催化剂时5-HMF产率最高,为27.9％;HY特殊的结构对提高5-HMF的产率具有重要的作用.另外,提高反应温度有利于加快5-HMF的生成;葡萄糖与水质量比为3.0∶100时5-HMF产率最高,反应2.5h时达到30.4％,说明适当的葡萄糖与水质量比有利于5-HMF的制备.     

[Fe(H2O)m(OH)n]x配合物电子结构的理论研究

在B3PW91/6-31G(d, p)计算水平上，对铁离子配合物［Fe(H₂O)_m(OH)_n］^x(m+n=4; x=3+,2+,1+,0,1-)的5种可能构型进行优化计算，分析比较了优化结果的几何构型、电荷布居以及能量。计算结果表明：这5种配合物在理论上都有可能稳定存在，配体以氧原子与铁离子配位并形成四面体构型，有部分电荷从氧原子转移到铁离子，OH^-与Fe³⁺的配位作用较强。铁离子的d电子以高自旋的形式排布，形成开壳层的电子结构，其中Fe(OH)₄^-的d电子最难以发生跃迁。比较具有相同数量Fe³⁺、H₂O和OH^-的［Fe(H₂O)_m(OH)_n+jH₂O+kOH^-］体系的能量，发现随着［Fe(H₂O)_m(OH)_n］^x中OH^-数量的增加，H₂O数量的减少，体系的能量逐渐降低。所以，［Fe(OH)₄^-+6H₂O+2OH^-］体系最稳定，与布居分析中OH^-与Fe³⁺的配位作用较强的结果相一致。