连续梁桥纵桥向防落梁装置结构模式对比研究

目前国内所采用的防落梁装置一般是作为构造措施,没有经过计算和设计,在地震作用下很难起到真正的防落梁效果.对于防落梁装置的结构模式,日本经常采用直接连接梁体的连梁装置,而美国则采用墩梁连接的限位装置.通过非线性时程方法对连续梁桥防落梁装置的两种结构模式进行了对比研究,分析了两联连续梁桥不同周期比和碰撞对连续梁桥防落梁装置结构模式的影响,结果表明:连续梁桥应采用墩梁连接的限位装置模式来设计防落梁装置.     

非规则连续梁桥应用锁死销减震控制

为解决地震荷载作用下连续梁桥固定墩因单独承受上部结构纵向地震荷载而受损的问题,设计安装于滑动墩和梁体之间的锁死销减震装置,以便在地震突发时协同固定墩和滑动墩共同承受纵向地震荷载,提高连续梁桥整体抗震性能。鉴于非规则连续梁桥各墩抗侧移刚度差异较大,为合理利用非规则连续梁桥各滑动墩的抗震潜能,研究非规则连续梁桥利用锁死销减震的控制方式。以某七跨非规则连续梁桥为研究对象,建立有限元模型,分析非规则连续梁桥应用锁死销减震的地震响应。在此基础上,基于各桥墩抗侧移刚度相近和各墩承受最大剪力相等的原则,通过调整锁死销的连接刚度和滑动极限承载力,对非规则连续梁桥锁死销减震进行优化。研究结果表明:非规则连续梁桥利用锁死销减震可显著提高连续梁桥抗震性能,但会出现地震荷载向矮墩集中的现象。调整锁死销连接刚度和滑动极限承载力可有效调整各滑动墩所承受的地震荷载,避免矮墩集中损伤的出现,达到各墩协同受力的效果。     

简支梁桥地震落梁失效控制模式研究

对地震作用下桥梁的落梁失效进行有效的控制,是桥梁抗震工程中的关键问题之一。考虑支座非线性、桥墩弹塑性和碰撞效应的影响,建立了5跨简支梁桥的有限元模型。采用非线性时程方法计算了多跨简支梁桥在墩-梁连接和梁-梁连接2种落梁失效控制模式下的纵向地震反应,并和无落梁失效控制时的桥梁反应进行了比较,分析了两类防落梁模式的控制机制和控制效果。研究了简支梁桥邻跨刚度比、防落梁连接刚度和初始间隙等参数对落梁失效控制效果的影响规律,进一步提出了有效的防落梁模式建议。研究表明:梁-墩连接控制模式可以有效地减小简支梁桥的位移反应,控制落梁失效,但会引起桥墩内力的增大,控制效果受到邻跨刚度比和控制系统参数的影响,梁-梁连接控制模式不能有效地控制落梁失效。     

采用摩擦摆支座的超大跨连续梁桥隔震效果

为了研究超大跨连续梁桥采用摩擦摆支座的隔震效果,以某主跨为240 m的七跨钢-混凝土连续梁桥为工程背景,建立桩土相互作用动力分析模型,采用非线性连接单元模拟盆式滑动支座及摩擦摆支座的非线性受力性能.非线性地震响应分析结果表明:采用传统抗震体系时,超大跨连续梁桥的固定墩及其桩基础的内力需求非常大;采用摩擦摆支座的隔震体系可以减少固定墩及其桩基础内力约40%,并显著改善其他桥墩的地震力分配.摩擦摆支座对超大跨连续梁桥的减震机理主要体现为:延长结构自振周期、减小固定墩有效振动质量、改变地震力传递途径、增强附属装置耗能,从而显著地改善了超大跨连续梁桥的地震响应.     

混凝土梁桥地震倒塌失效机制

倒塌失效是混凝土梁桥地震破坏的一个重要极限状态,揭示其机制对于提高结构的抗倒塌性能具有重要的现实意义和工程实用价值。对3种混凝土梁桥的非线性地震响应及倒塌破坏过程进行了数值模拟,从结构体系转化、桥墩受力及梁-墩碰撞作用等方面揭示了3种类型桥梁的地震损伤演化规律及连续倒塌机制。研究表明:梁-墩相对位移过大是造成落梁的前提条件,而落梁时梁-墩撞击作用进一步推动加剧了桥墩破坏和整体倒塌过程。连续梁桥的地震倒塌失效是一个整体连续的过程,简支-连续梁桥和简支梁桥的倒塌失效是一个局部连续过程。简支梁桥地震倒塌过程中桥墩受到的碰撞力在3种混凝土梁桥中最大。     

梁墩刚度分布对连续梁桥横桥向规则性的影响

以4跨连续梁桥为例,研究了梁、墩横向刚度比,桥墩横向刚度分布情况与连续梁桥横桥向规则性的关系.利用推倒分析方法,将全桥结构简化为单自由度体系,比较在不同地震动输入下,分别由全桥模型和等效单自由度体系计算所得最大位移响应的差异,并以此来判断连续梁桥横桥向规则性的好坏.研究表明:梁、墩横向刚度比对连续梁桥横桥向规则性起控制作用,梁、墩横向刚度比越大,梁桥规则性越好;而桥墩刚度分布情况只有在梁、墩横向刚度比较小时,对规则性影响较大.最后,在大量分析基础上,将梁、墩横向刚度比作为规则连续梁桥划分指标,建议了量化的规则连续梁桥划分标准.     

行波效应对连续梁桥锁死销体系减震性能影响研究

连续梁桥锁死销体系的减震机理是利用墩顶加速度激活位于梁墩之间的锁死销装置,用以限制活动墩和梁体的相对位移,降低连续梁地震响应.行波效应将致使各墩墩顶加速度产生差异,继而影响各墩墩顶锁死销锁死时机,为明确行波效应对连续梁桥锁死销体系减震性能的影响,通过大质量法研究行波效应作用下连续梁桥的纵向地震响应.研究表明:行波效应会对连续梁桥锁死销体系减震效果产生一定影响,但会明显加大布设锁死销活动墩的地震响应,且对于端部活动墩的影响明显大于中部桥墩,行波效应对连续梁桥各墩的具体影响程度取决于视波速大小、各活动墩与固定墩及震源相对位置、各活动墩激活状态,忽略行波效应将会对连续梁桥锁死销体系震中结构安全可靠性分析造成不利影响.     

考虑限位器影响的山区连续梁桥地震响应分析

为研究限位器对桥梁结构抗震性能的影响,以一座山区典型连续梁桥为对象,采用非线性时程分析法对桥梁有限位器和无限位器时的地震响应进行对比分析,在此基础上进一步分析了梁端碰撞刚度、限位器刚度和限位器松弛长度3个参数对结构地震反应的影响。分析结果表明:伸缩缝处安装墩梁连接式限位器后,会显著增大过渡墩的地震需求;碰撞刚度、限位器刚度和限位器松弛长度的取值对结构的地震反应有重要影响,选取合理的参数可以有效提升桥梁结构的整体抗震性能。     

大跨连续梁桥纵向减震机理和减震效果分析

基于一座实际大跨度连续梁桥,分析比较了采用动力锁定装置、黏滞阻尼器和双曲面减隔震支座的减震机理和减震效果,讨论了这些减震装置的适用范围.结果表明:动力锁定装置不耗散地震能量,在活动墩处设置该装置,可以合理分配梁体的地震惯性力,但同时结构周期减小,可能增加梁体总的惯性力;黏滞阻尼器不改变结构的周期、振型等动力特性,主要通过阻尼力消耗地震能量,减小结构动力反应;采用双曲面减隔震支座后结构的周期延长,阻尼耗能能力增加,相对于基准模型,显著减小了固定墩的内力,但同时增加了活动墩墩梁相对位移.     

滑动支座摩擦效应对连续梁桥地震响应影响

以1座跨度为(55+4×90+55)m的预应力混凝土变截面连续梁桥为研究对象,采用ANSYS软件建立桥梁动力分析模型.选取3条人工地震波作为地震动输入,基于动力非线性分析方法,考虑摩擦效应,分析盆式橡胶支座连续梁桥非固定墩的地震响应和支座的滞回性能,并与未考虑摩擦效应的地震响应进行比较.结果表明:非固定墩处的盆式橡胶支座在地震作用下形成了规则、饱满的滞回曲线,形状近似为矩形;相对未考虑盆式橡胶支座摩擦效应的模型,考虑支座滑动后,固定墩墩底顺桥向弯矩、剪力分别降低了25.91%、27.41%,固定墩墩顶顺桥向位移和非固定墩墩梁相对位移分别降低了26.15%、25.59%;对于多跨长联连续梁桥,滑动支座数量多且反力大,若不考虑滑动支座的摩擦耗能,桥梁结构地震响应结果偏大,抗震设计偏于保守.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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