能源结构变化 促进风电发展

<正>在能源短缺,大气污染,水环境恶化与矿物质能源柘竭的今天,利用可再生清洁能源转化为电能,日益被世界各国所重视和开发,故此,风能开发有着巨大的经济、社会、环境价值和发展前景。所谓可再生能源是指太阳能、风能、地热能、潮汐能和生物质能等清洁能而     

发展铜铟硒薄膜太阳电池天津独领风骚

世界在经历了20世纪70年代的能源危机以后，人们越来越清楚地认识到，化石能源的枯竭和环境的污染已成为人类面临的巨大挑战。事实上，这些燃料所产生的大量二氧化碳等有害物质和温室效应所引起的公害，比原来估计的要严重得多。因此，改变能源结构，是世界各国面临的一个最紧迫的战略任务。清洁的可再生能源的开发与利用已成为新世纪的重要课题。     

水轮机利用潮流能发电技术

潮流能是一种海洋可再生清洁能源，与潮汐的涨落相伴。我国可开发潮流能质量居世界之首，资源开发前景广阔。     

国际风力发电的现状及展望

自世界石油危机以来，在常规能源告急和全球生态环境恶化的双重压力下，风能作为一种新的、可再生清洁能源和替代能源技术受到了世界各国的关注。经过20世纪80～90年代的快速发展，风力发电的技术已逐渐成熟。特别是在中国沿海岛屿、交通不便的边远山区、地广人稀的草原牧场以及远离电网和近期内电网还难以达到的农村和边疆地区，风力发电已成为解决当地群众的生产和生活所需的一种可靠能源。     

中国能源困境与转型

中国石油和天然气资源贫乏,进口依存度超过50 %,煤炭的储产比也降到了50以下。中国能源消费结构中煤炭占到七成,CO2排放超过美国。能源转型是当今世界,也是中国发展的大趋势。能源转型的方向是清洁能源,发展清洁能源的重点是可再生能源。中国清洁能源资源具有替代现能源消费总量七成以上的潜力;可再生能源中的小水电、风能和生物质能的可经济利用资源量分别是0.63亿吨,1.23亿吨和10.47亿吨（标煤）。中国生物质原料资源最丰富,而且可以立竿见影地增加农民收入,促进农村经济发展,是发展可再生能源和能源转型的战略重点。     

一起守护我们的蓝天沃土——解读《可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划》

可再生能源与新能源作为清洁、可持续利用的能源,为解决人类未来能源供应问题提供了重要的途径和手段。为提升可再生能源与新能源在中国和全球的发展和应用技术水平,共同应对全球气候变化,节约能源资源,实现经济社会可持续发展,建设和谐世界,加强中国与世界各国在可再生能源与新能源方面的国际科技合作,2007年年底,科技部与国家发展改革委联合发布了《可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划》（以下简称“计划”）。     

领先的风能技术使辽宁拥有用之不竭的“蓝天白煤”

近年来，随着世界范围的环保问题日益严重．风作为一种清洁的可再生的能源引起人们的高度重视。风能资源是一种储量巨大、无污染、可再生的重要能源，随着化石、煤能源等一次性资源的日趋减少．为改变能源结构、保护环境、促进社会可持续发展．开发风能等新能源已成为一项紧迫而重要的任务。风力发电是新能源中技术最成熟、具有规模开发条件和商业化发展前景发电方式之一。目前全世界风电以每年30％以上的速度增长，成为发展最快的电源。我国的风能资源储量丰富，居世界首位，仅陆上可开发的装机容量就达2．5亿KW，且商业化、规模化的潜力很大。     

尖端科技打造的可再生能源 矗立在海上的绿色发电厂

<正>从夜色中的万家灯火,到快捷方便的电子商务,再到驰骋南北的高速铁路,我们每时每刻都在享受着能源带来的便利。目前,支撑现代社会的核心资源仍然是石油、煤、天然气等化石能源。但其产生的大量二氧化碳已经深刻改变了大气的组成,进而导致了气候变化。在2015年巴黎气候大会上,世界各国为了未来的美好世界,确定将合力消减二氧化碳的排放。使用清洁的可再生能源成为人类发展的必经之路。今天,大力发展可再生能源的中国,在水电、风电、太阳能等领域的发电规模均已达世界第一,而其中风电以其技术可靠、成本低廉的优     

威宁风能利用可行性调查的初步分析

<正> 0 前言风能是取之不尽,分布广泛而又不污染环境的可再生的清洁能源之一。世界气象组织曾经估计整个地球的风能超过目前全世界能量的消耗量.巨大的能量激起了人们开发风能资源的渴望。70年代末,我国开始注意风能利用和研究。国家气象局组建了几个风能试验站,1983年完成了中国风能区划,以后许多省(市、区)气象局陆续对本省(市、区)或区域的风能进行了评价和区划。因为贵州省在全国风能区划中被划为风能贫乏区和局部季节可利用     

能源家族

能源家族成员种类繁多，而且新成员不断加入。概括地说凡是能被人类利用以获得有用能量的各种来源都可以加入到能源家族中来。能源家族从不同的角度可以划分不同的成员，从其产生的方式以及是否可再利用的角度可分为一次能源和二次能源、可再生能源和不可再生能源；根据能源消耗后是否造成环境污染可分为污染型能源和清洁型能源；根据使用的类型又可分为常规能源和新型能源。一次能源：有可再生的水力资源和不可再生的煤炭、石油、天然气资源。其中，水、石油和天然气是当今世界一次能源的三大支柱，它们构成了全球能源家族结构的基本框架。…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with