椒江中下游沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布特征

自椒江中下游采集了14个表层沉积物样品,以研究该区域中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs ）的含量、分布及其来源．研究结果表明,椒江中下游是PBDEs的高污染区,Σ9 PBDEs（包括BDE28、47、66、99、100、138、153、154、183）浓度范围分别在8．93-45．04 ng/g （干重）,平均浓度分别为22．31 ng/g ,是目前世界上已报道沉积物中含量最高的区域之一．此外,在所有被分析的样品中BDE209都是最主要的同系物,表明十溴联苯醚已进入环境并成为污染水平最高的一类PBDEs ．     

Pollution situation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Chinese biota

多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）作为一种新型的持久性有机污染物,对生物体存在甲状腺毒性、神经系统毒性、生殖发育毒性和潜在的致癌性等。通过文献资料查阅等方法,归纳总结了PBDEs在我国生物体及人体中的污染现状,提出今后对PBDEs污染研究需加强的方面：建立一套适合我国国情的PBDEs分析检测方法;增加内陆生物体中的PBDEs研究;增加PBDEs在生物体不同组织中的残留水平和分布特征的研究;加大生物体中PBDEs源解析研究等。     

环境中多溴代联苯醚羟基和甲氧基衍生物的来源和转化

近年来,环境中的微污染物获得了人们的广泛关注,这些微污染物往往具有浓度低,但却具有很强的毒理学以及致癌、致畸和致突变效应.为了更好地预防和控制环境微污染物,了解其来源和转化行为非常有必要.作为环境微污染物中的重要代表,新型溴代有机污染物受到高度关注.文章以阻燃剂多溴代联苯醚(PBDEs)的衍生物羟基多溴代联苯醚(HO-PBDEs)和甲氧基多溴代联苯醚(MeO-PBDEs)为代表,总结其在环境中的来源(包括天然合成、代谢转化和化学反应生成)与转化行为(如生物转化、化学转化以及光化学转化),为了解并推测两类化合物可能具有的环境行为,以及预防和控制其带来的环境危害提供基本信息.     

多溴联苯醚在我国生物体中的污染现状

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)作为一种新型的持久性有机污染物,对生物体存在甲状腺毒性、神经系统毒性、生殖发育毒性和潜在的致癌性等。通过文献资料查阅等方法,归纳总结了PBDEs在我国生物体及人体中的污染现状,提出今后对PBDEs污染研究需加强的方面:建立一套适合我国国情的PBDEs分析检测方法;增加内陆生物体中的PBDEs研究;增加PBDEs在生物体不同组织中的残留水平和分布特征的研究;加大生物体中PBDEs源解析研究等。     

进样技术对GC—MS分析多溴联苯醚的影响

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一类常用的有机溴阻燃剂,其分子量大、挥发性差,使用GC-MS分析时仪器条件变化对分析结果影响比较明显,而进样技术的改变影响尤为明显.本文研究了不同进样技术对PBDEs分析结果的影响,优化了进样方式和进样口温度等影响较为明显的参数.     

多溴联苯醚的环境行为及其生态毒理效应

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一类环境中广泛存在的全球性有机污染物。近年来由于其持久性、毒性和潜在的生物蓄积性而备受关注;且在环境中的浓度快速增长,对人体健康造成的危害日益引起各国科学家的关注;已成为当前环境科学的一大热点。对最近几年来环境中PBDEs研究的进展进行综述,对多溴联苯醚的理化性质、环境暴露及途径、环境中的降解和生物代谢、生物富集与放大以及生态毒理效应方面的研究进行了总结,对目前存在问题及进一步的研究方向进行了讨论和展望。     

PBDEs在大气环境介质中的残留特征研究现状

本文介绍了一类持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚的理化性质,化学行为特征,总结了多溴联苯醚在全球大气环境中残留现状的研究,全球从城市、农村到偏远的环境背景点均有多溴联苯醚被检测出,浓度可高达数百pg/m3,已经在全球的大气环境中的普遍残留。最后对多溴联苯醚环境化学行为研究工作提出了展望。     

6-羟基-多溴联苯醚47对A549细胞抗氧化系统的影响

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一类具有内分泌干扰和神经毒性的持久性有机污染物,但对其代谢产物的毒性研究还较少.从细胞毒性和氧化应激的角度,探讨2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚(2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether,BDE47)的羟基代谢物6-羟基-多溴联苯醚47(6-hydroxylated-2,2′,4,4′-tetrapolybrominateddiphenyl ethers,6-OH-BDE47)对人肺癌细胞系A549的作用.研究结果发现,6-OH-BDE47对A549细胞具有明显的细胞毒性,随着染毒剂量增加和时间延长,A549细胞存活率逐渐下降.急性染毒实验证实,6-OH-BDE47对A549细胞的氧化应激系统有严重的影响.当细胞培养体系中6-OH-BDE47浓度≥0.5μmol/L时,24 h急性暴露能诱导A549细胞的总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)活力升高1.03倍以上;而6-OH-BDE47浓度≥2.0μmol/L时,还原性谷胱甘肽(reduced the glutathione,GSH)含量减少71.2%.由此可见,6-OH-BDE47有一定的细胞毒性,能刺激A549细胞发生氧化应激,诱导抗氧化酶升高和内源性还原剂耗竭.     

深圳市表层土壤中PBDEs空间分布特征及蓄积量估算

为了解深圳30年快速城市化过程引发的土壤有机污染现状, 同时调查城市化过程有机污染历史累积情况,在深圳市收集了 110 个表层土壤样品, 分析了深圳市土壤多溴联苯醚(PBDEs) 的空间分布特征, 并对其表层土壤PBDEs 蓄积总量进行 了估算。结果表明,深圳市土壤 中6 12 PBDEs 及 BDE209 的含量水平范围分别为 1.1 ～ 85.8 ng/g (dw) 和1. 2 ～1931ng/g(dw)。PBDEs 总含量在不同土地利用功能分区上表现为工业用地 > 居住用地> 商业用地 > 城市公园> 郊野公园的分布规律。深圳市土壤中PBDEs 含量整体表现出从西部的南山区和宝安区向东南方向的龙岗区和盐田区递减的趋势, 且 PBDEs 含量水平与各行政区的城市化水平呈显著的指数函数关系( r = 0. 98, p < 0. 01) , 表明城市化水平是影响深圳市土壤 PBDEs 污染程度的主要因素。采用基于行政区单元和基于土地利用类型两种估算方法对深圳市表层土壤 PBDEs 蓄积量进行估算的差异较大, 研究认为基于土地利用类型所估算出的数值更为准确, 以此估算出深圳市表层土壤中6 12 PBDEs 和 BDE209 蓄积量分别为1.51t和15.9t。     

分散液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中的多溴联苯醚

建立分散液相微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)联用技术快速测定水样中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的新方法。考察萃取剂和分散剂的种类、萃取剂用量、分散剂用量、萃取时间和离子强度等因素对目标物萃取效率和富集因子的影响。用单因素实验进行优化,得到最佳萃取条件为:1.0 mL丙酮作分散剂,30μL四氯乙烷作萃取剂,萃取时间为5 min,不加盐(NaCl)。在最佳萃取条件下,该方法溶液质量浓度的线性范围为0.1~50μg/L(线性相关系数r2=0.998 3),相对标准偏差为8.6%,检出限为15.2 ng/L(信噪比为3)。将该方法用于生活污水和海水的分析检测,均检出4,4’-二溴联苯醚(BDE-15),平均加标回收率分别为93.5%和92.5%,相对标准偏差分别为9.3%和7.9%。该方法可对水样中痕量多溴联苯醚进行快速准确检测,结果令人满意。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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