二维光子晶体带隙与结构的关系

用时域有限差分法(FDTD)及完全匹配层边界条件(PML),计算由介质圆柱构成正方形格子排列的二维光子晶体对光的透射谱,分别得到完整正方格子晶体、中间有孔的正方格子晶体的透射率随波长的变化关系,发现对正方形格子排列的二维光子晶体,移去中间部分的圆柱形成口字型孔时,得到该结构在波长0.28 0.60μm的范围内,光的透着率有1个平坦的极小值区间,对应的能量为2.07 4.44 e V,带隙宽度为ΔE=2.37 e V.与中间为十字形孔的结构相比,口型孔的结构可以得到较理想的带隙.     

Homologies between gap junction proteins in lens, heart and liver

The cells in the mammalian lens are electrically and metabolically coupled with each other by a network of gap junctions. These are clusters of transmembrane channels by which the fibre cells situated deeper in the lens communicate through the epithelium with the aqueous humour, the source of nutrients for the lens. Hence gap junctions are important for lens transparency. The gap junction proteins in the mammalian lens have not yet been identified with certainty. A putative fibre gap junction protein of relative molecular mass 26,000 (26K) is not related to those from other tissues, such as the liver 28K junction component. Another lens membrane protein with Mr 70K (MP70) has also been localized in the lens fibre gap junctions. Here we demonstrate by amino-terminal sequence analysis that MP70 and its in vivo-processed form, MP38 (ref. 8), belong to a wider family of gap junction proteins. With this new data on the lens, homologies between gap junction proteins now extend to organs derived from all three embryonal layers, endoderm (liver), mesoderm (heart) and ectoderm (lens).     

Crystal structure of T4 endonuclease VII resolving a Holliday junction

Holliday proposed a four-way DNA junction as an intermediate in homologous recombination, and such Holliday junctions have since been identified as a central component in DNA recombination and repair. Phage T4 endonuclease VII (endo VII) was the first enzyme shown to resolve Holliday junctions into duplex DNAs by introducing symmetrical nicks in equivalent strands. Several Holliday junction resolvases have since been characterized, but an atomic structure of a resolvase complex with a Holliday junction remained elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of an inactive T4 endo VII(N62D) complexed with an immobile four-way junction with alternating arm lengths of 10 and 14 base pairs. The junction is a hybrid of the conventional square-planar and stacked-X conformation. Endo VII protrudes into the junction point from the minor groove side, opening it to a 14 A x 32 A parallelogram. This interaction interrupts the coaxial stacking, yet every base pair surrounding the junction remains intact. Additional interactions involve the positively charged protein and DNA phosphate backbones. Each scissile phosphate that is two base pairs from the crossover interacts with a Mg2+ ion in the active site. The similar overall shape and surface charge potential of the Holliday junction resolvases endo VII, RuvC, Ydc2, Hjc and RecU, despite having different folds, active site composition and DNA sequence preference, suggest a conserved binding mode for Holliday junctions.     

正方空气柱结构二维三角晶格光子晶体及其禁带特征

基于平面波展开法比较研究了空气圆柱三角晶格光子晶体和正方介质柱三角晶格光子晶体的禁带特征,提出了正方空气柱三角晶格光子晶体结构,并分析了相对介电常数对其禁带宽度的影响.结果表明:空气圆柱三角晶格光子晶体要比由同种介质材料构成的正方介质柱三角晶格光子晶体的完全禁带要大得多;对于正方空气柱三角晶格光子晶体,当相对介电常数εr>12.0时将出现双禁带,且当εr=19.0时两条禁带均达到最大值.     

大学如何形成办学特色

大学要在竞争中生存发展，必须有自己的办学特色。在厘清办学特色概念的前提下，通过案例分析概括出大学办学特色形成的路径，最后归纳出大学办学特色形成的经验，希望给其他探寻办学特色的高校以启示。     

组合柔性结构的结构特征对其变形特性的影响

对柔性铰链与杆组成的组合柔性结构的结构特征进行了研究,认为柔性铰链与杆二者的厚度比、长度比是影响组合柔性结构变形特性的两个特征参数.以一组不同结构尺寸的组合柔性结构为例,分别采用有限元法与伪刚体模型法对其变形进行对比,分析了组合柔性结构的厚度比、长度比对其变形特性的影响;根据特征参数不同取值对组合柔性结构变形特性的影响结果,对组合柔性结构进行了分类.     

How Prometheus creates structure in Saturn's F ring

Images of Saturn's narrow and contorted F ring returned by the Cassini spacecraft have revealed phenomena not previously detected in any planetary ring system. The perturbing effect of the inner shepherding satellite, Prometheus, seems to introduce channels through the F ring and a 'streamer'--a line of particles that link the ring to the satellite. The detailed mechanism for the formation of these features has been lacking an explanation. Here we show that these phenomena can be understood in terms of a simple gravitational interaction as Prometheus approaches and recedes from the F ring every 14.7 hours. Our numerical models show that as Prometheus recedes from its closest approach to the F ring, it draws out ring material; one orbital period later, this affected region has undergone keplerian shear and is visible as a channel, in excellent agreement with structures seen in the Cassini images. Prometheus' periodic disruption of the F ring will become more pronounced as the two orbits approach their minimum separation in 2009. The model predicts that the appearance of streamers and the associated channels will vary in a regular fashion on a timescale of one orbital period.     

列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用分析

提出了一个新的计算单元;车－轨道－桥单元,用有限元法分析列车、轨道、桥梁结构的动力相互作用,数值计算结果表明,轨道结构对桥梁结构动力响应的影响较小,但桥梁结构对轨道结构动力响应的影响则较大。     

基于键合图结型结构的矩阵变换建模法解析

对键合图结型结构理论与矩阵变换建模方法作了系统的介绍和较深入的解析,指出了该理论与方法的科学性和学术及实用特色,并通过先导式溢流阀调压系统仿真实例作了可行性及合理性证明.矩阵变换建模方法为键合图模型向数学模型的转换提供了严密的数学手段,并为键合图模型正确性验证和判断提供了依据.同时对该建模法的适用条件、局限性及相关问题的处理进行了较深入的解析,可为相关研究和应用提供有益的借鉴.     

Genuine electronic structure and superconducting gap structure in(Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 superconductor

The electronic structure and superconducting gap structure are prerequisites to establish microscopic theories in understanding the superconductivity mechanism ...     

Gene flow maintains a large genetic difference in clutch size at a small spatial scale

Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Good empirical data are rare. Using data on a spatially structured island population of great tits (Parus major), we show here that a persistent difference in mean clutch size between two subpopulations only a few kilometres apart has a major genetic component. We also show that immigrants from outside the island carry genes for large clutches. But gene flow into one subpopulation is low, as a result of a low immigration rate together with strong selection against immigrant genes. This has allowed for adaptation to the island environment and the maintenance of small clutches. In the other area, however, higher gene flow prevents local adaptation and maintains larger clutches. We show that the observed small-scale genetic difference in clutch size is not due to divergent selection on the island, but to different levels of gene flow from outside the island. Our findings illustrate the large effect of immigration on the evolution of local adaptations and on genetic population structure.     

人工神经网络在电磁带隙结构设计中的应用

文章采用人工神经网络对电磁带隙结构进行建模,并结合逆向方法训练网络;神经网络用于电磁带隙结构的设计,具有缩短设计时间、降低设计成本的优点;通过文中实例可以看出,人工神经网络设计的结果与数值仿真的结果吻合良好,显示出该方法的有效性。     

二维光子晶体结构和缺陷对光子禁带的影响

利用时域有限差分法研究了二维光子晶体的光子禁带特性。通过改变二维光子晶体的结构、介电常数配比及缺陷时,得到了相应的数值模拟结果,并作出了分析。这些结果对于设计光子晶体器件有着指导作用。