两次动电位极化中316L不锈钢孔蚀参数的变化

以0.01 mol/L NaCl溶液中的316 L不锈钢为研究对象,采用慢速动电位扫描法研究了第一次极化只发生亚稳态孔蚀、同时发生亚稳态和稳态孔蚀两种条件对再次极化时小孔形核与生长的影响。结果表明,两种极化条件对不锈钢再次极化时的孔蚀行为的影响并不明显;两种极化条件下的第一次极化均导致材料表面活性点显著减少,从而再次极化后亚稳孔形核数目明显减少,同时亚稳态孔蚀电位和稳定孔蚀电位都有所升高;两种极化条件下的第二次极化过程中产生的亚稳态小孔的峰值电流和平均生长速度与初次极化相比有所增大,其原因主要是第二次极化的电位范围更高。     

两次动电位极化中316L不锈钢孔蚀参数的变化

以0.01mol/L NaCl溶液中的316L不锈钢为研究对象,采用慢速动电位扫描法研究了第一次极化只发生亚稳态孔蚀、同时发生亚稳态和稳态孔蚀两种条件对再次极化时小孔形核与生长的影响。结果表明,两种极化条件对不锈钢再次极化时的孔蚀行为的影响并不明显;两种极化条件下的第一次极化均导致材料表面活性点显著减少,从而再次极化后亚稳孔形核数目明显减少,同时亚稳态孔蚀电位和稳定孔蚀电位都有所升高;两种极化条件下的第二次极化过程中产生的亚稳态小孔的峰值电流和平均生长速度与初次极化相比有所增大,其原因主要是第二次极化的电位范围更高。     

碳钢在NaHCO3+NaCl溶液中的亚稳态孔蚀特征

用动电位极化和恒电位极化法研究了A3碳钢在不同浓度NaCl的0.5mol/LNaHCO₃溶液中亚稳态孔蚀行为。实验发现亚稳态电流波动峰具有快速上升、缓慢下降的特点。亚稳孔出现电位E_m 服从正态分布,随着Cl^-浓度的提高,E_m 值向负方向移动。亚稳孔的峰频变化规律与电位关系不大。恒电位极化时,当电位高于E_m而大大低于孔蚀电位E_b 时,电流波动保持一定时间后会最终消失,并产生直径为微米级的小蚀孔。当电位接近孔蚀电位时,一段时间的电流波动后电流往往迅速上升,最终转变为稳定蚀孔.     

工业纯铁在NaNO2+NaCl溶液中的亚稳态孔蚀及其腐蚀形貌

用动电位极化法研究了工业纯铁在NaNO₂+NaCl溶液中的电流波动特征,探讨了多次极化对亚稳态孔蚀行为的影响。工业纯铁在NaNO₂+NaCl体系中早期的蚀孔由许多连续的、较浅的开放性小孔构成,这些蚀孔是亚稳态小孔形核、生长和再钝化的结果,小孔优先沿研磨形成的沟槽方向形成。反复多次对工业纯铁试样进行动电位极化,其亚稳态小孔的形核数目和峰值电流都逐渐降低,E_m和E_b值升高。在每一次极化过程中小孔形核数目则随电位升高而升高。电流-时间曲线上的电流波动峰与表面的蚀孔形貌有良好的对应关系,表明有可能根据电流波动的数量和幅值预测材料表面的腐蚀损伤程度。     

不同充气条件下2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、循环伏安法和扫描电子显微镜,研究了不同充气条件对2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:充气对2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为产生了明显的影响,其中充N_2和O_2降低了2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电流密度,充CO_2使腐蚀电流密度增大,三种气体都对2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的点蚀具有抑制作用;随温度升高和NaCl溶液浓度的增加,2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀加剧,点蚀电位降低;2205双相不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的临界点蚀温度在40℃~45℃之间。     

温度和Cl~-质量分数对304不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

采用线性极化技术和动电位循环伏安法2种电化学测试技术,研究温度和氯离子的质量分数对304不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响,从而得到二者对点蚀的影响规律.结果表明:随着温度的升高和氯离子质量分数的增大,304不锈钢点蚀坑的孔径和数量均变大,电流密度也变大,击穿电位Eb负移,钝化区变窄,因此二者的升高使钝化膜的修复能力变差,点蚀敏感性增加.同时得到Eb与温度、Cl-质量分数都呈线性关系:温度每升高10℃,Eb向负方向移动约30 mV.Cl-质量分数每增加0.5%,Eb向负方向约移动10 mV.Eb-Ep随着温度或Cl-质量分数的升高而变大,但其与温度或Cl-质量分数并不成线性关系.     

TiNiCu形状记忆合金在人工模拟体液中的电化学性能

采用电化学测试方法对TiNiCu形状记忆合金在Hank’s人工模拟体液中的电化学性能进行研究.结果表明,阳极极化时,在100~150 mV电位区间出现了活性溶解.随pH的降低和Cl-浓度升高,孔蚀电位Eb值负移,孔蚀敏感性增大,而温度对TiNiCu形状记忆合金的电化学性能影响不大.比较而言,在Hank’s人工模拟体液中,TiNiCu形状记忆合金的电化学性能比TiNi形状记忆合金劣,其原因可能是TiNiCu形状记忆合金在常温下的马氏体B19'可能掺杂着中间相B19,造成材料晶体结构不单一,易形成腐蚀原电池.此外,扫描电镜与X-射线分析表明,在晶界析出的Ti2Ni相及表面疏松的富Cu结构也促进了阳极活性溶解.     

表面粗糙度对非晶态合金亚稳态小孔形核和生长的影响

用恒电位和动电位极化法研究了表面粗糙度对非晶态ＮｉＣｒＦｅＳｉＢ合金亚稳态小孔形核和生长的影响，粗糙表面显著促进亚稳态小孔的形核，在恒电位下，亚稳小孔的生长电流随时间的平方线性增长为Ｉ－Ｉ０＝ｋ（ｔ－ｔ０）２．生长速度参数ｋ和亚稳态小孔的峰值电流都服从对数正态分布。在粗糙表面上亚稳态小孔的生长速度略高，且分布范围较大。     

在蚀孔、缝隙或应力腐蚀裂缝中的闭塞电池腐蚀的加速效应和临界pH值

利用模拟闭塞区溶液研究了18—8不锈钢在Cl~-溶液中蚀孔、缝隙或应力腐蚀裂缝内的加速腐蚀效应。发现一个临界pH值,pH≌1.3([Cl~-]≌1.5M),当pH降至低于临界值以下时腐蚀率加速上升。在裂缝或蚀孔的引发阶段,外部电位需要超过临界破裂电位,以引起蚀孔或缝隙内的pH下降和Cl~-浓集。但当闭塞区pH下降到临界值以下后,腐蚀的加速过程和裂缝(或蚀孔)的扩展则由缝内H+Cl~-酸性电池的作用所控制。并将导致裂尖区氢脆。     

20CrMnTi齿轮钢的点蚀敏感性及裂纹萌生风险

利用弱腐蚀倾向的溶液环境,控制20CrMnTi钢产生有限的亚稳态蚀点分布.运用电化学噪声法,研究了20CrMnTi钢亚稳态蚀点的萌生规律,结合ANSYS有限元计算,导入真实腐蚀形貌,对比研究了不同腐蚀条件下蚀孔周边的应力分布与裂纹萌生风险.结果表明,20CrMnTi具有较高的点蚀敏感性,其亚稳态蚀点集中在杂质相边缘优先形核,随Cl-浓度的升高,点蚀孕育期明显缩短,点蚀敏感性增大.不同Cl-浓度下引起的形核速率上升会缩短蚀点间距,表面微裂纹易连接蚀点而发生扩展,增大裂纹萌生风险.     

Effects of chloride ion concentration and pH values on the corrosion behavior of Cr12Ni3Co12Mo4W ultra-high-strength martensitic stainless steel

The effects of Cl- ion concentration and pH values on the corrosion behavior of Cr12Ni3Co12Mo4W ultra-high-strength martensitic stainless steel (UHSMSS) were investigated by a series of electrochemical tests combined with observations by stereology microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A critical Cl- ion concentration was found to exist (approximately 0.1wt%), above which pitting occurred. The pitting potential decreased with increasing Cl- ion concentration. A UHSMSS specimen tempered at 600°C exhibited a better pitting corrosion resistance than the one tempered at 400°C. The corrosion current density and passive current density of the UHSMSS tempered at 600°C decreased with increasing pH values of the corrosion solution. The pits developed a shallower dish geometry with increasing polarization potential. A lacy cover on the pits of the UHSMSS tempered at 400°C accelerated pitting, whereas corrosion products deposited in the pits of the UHSMSS tempered at 600°C hindered pitting.     

Corrosion behavior of ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% chromium for the automobile exhaust system

The effect of chloride ion concentration, pH value, and grain size on the pitting corrosion resistance of a new ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% Cr was investigated using the anodic polarization method. The semiconducting properties of passive films with different chloride ion concentrations were performed using capacitance measurement and Mott-Schottky analysis methods. The aging precipitation and intergranular corrosion behavior were evaluated at 400–900℃. It is found that the pitting potential decreases when the grain size increases. With the increase in chloride ion concentration, the doping density and the flat-bland potential increase but the thickness of the space charge layer decreases. The pitting corrosion resistance increases rapidly with the decrease in pH value. Precipitants is identified as Nb(C,N) and NbC, rather than Cr-carbide. The intergranular corrosion is attributed to the synergistic effects of Nb(C,N) and NbC precipitates and Cr segregation adjacent to the precipitates.     

化学-力学耦合作用下混凝土内钢筋蚀坑的演化及分布规律

基于概率与统计知识,对化学-力学耦合作用下钢筋蚀坑的演化及其分布进行研究.结果表明氯盐侵蚀下钢筋蚀坑的演化可分为3个阶段:微观非稳态点蚀形核、细观亚稳态蚀坑、宏观稳态蚀坑.单一氯盐腐蚀作用下形成的宏观稳态蚀坑深度相对较小,而拉应力的引入将加剧钢筋表面化学/物理性质的不均匀,从而导致宏观稳态蚀坑深度较大.在氯盐及其与拉应...     

不锈钢裸表面在氯化物溶液中的点腐蚀

研究了不锈钢去膜表面在氯化镁介质中的点腐蚀现象。去膜表面发生点蚀的临界电位低于膜覆盖表面发生点蚀的临界电位。去膜表面的点蚀主要在晶界和夹杂起源。点蚀形貌是敏锐的条纹状花样。根据作者提出的裸表面与氯化物介质反应步骤模型讨论了点蚀特征电位的意义以及裸表面点蚀形成的过程。     

Effects of cupric ions on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 5A02 in ethylene glycol-water solution

The effects of cupric ions on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 5A02 in ethylene glycol-water solutions were studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical noise (EN), and complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A positive corrosion potential and increased corrosion current were observed due to the deposition of copper. The results demonstrate that the main corrosion type was pitting and the increasing cupric ion concentration augmented the pitting density. The pits became larger and deeper as a result of the embedment of copper into the surface of the alloy. Cupric ions were preferentially deposited at the defects around the secondary phase, leading to the formation of Al-Cu microgalvanic couples, which increased the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate gradually reached a stable value as the concentration of cupric ions was increased beyond 10 mmol/L.