Enhancement of drug activity by chymotrypsin. Penicillin penetration into granulomatous lesions and inflammatory fluids

Résumé L'enzyme chymotrypsine protéolytique rehausse sensiblement la pénétration de la pénicilline G par voie intra-musculaire dans le sérum, les tissus granulomateux et le fluide péritonéal enflammé des rats.     

Enhancement of the antitumor effect of illudin S by including it into liposomes.

Entrapping illudin S in liposome markedly enhanced life prolonging effect in ddN mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors, presumably by decreasing the side effects.     

Autoradiographic study of the penetration of non-histone chromatin proteins into differentiating cells.

Attention has previously been drawn to a specific effect of NHCP on embryonic Pleurodeles cell differentiation. With a modified NHCP labelling technique, autoradiography has revealed a cytoplasmic concentration of labelled NHCP and has not revealed any difference between homospecific and heterospecific NHCP penetration.     

Enhancement of peritoneal macrophage activity by bovine gamma globulin in mice

Mice treated with bovine gamma globulins showed an increased resistance to Salmonella typhimurium infection. This phenomenon seems to be bound to an increase of peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity, as shown by the method of chemiluminescence, in experiments performed on peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with bovine gamma globulin.     

Ultrastructural changes in the yeastCandida lipolytica caused by penetration of hydrocarbons into the cell

Zusammenfassung Durch Lösung von 0,1% Vanadiumoder Nickel-Naphthenat in Kohlenwasserstoffen kann deren Durchtritt in die Zelle der HefeCandida lipolytica elektronenmikroskopisch verfolgt werden. Die Kohlenwasserstoffe durchdringen die Zellwand, reichern sich an der Zytoplasmamembran an und verursachen im Zellinnern reiche Veränderungen. Diese beweisen meistenteils die Schlüsselaufgabe der Zytoplasmamembran, den direkten Kontakt der Kohlenwasserstoffe mit den Oxydationsenzymen zu vermitteln.     

Enhancement of the antitumor effect of illudin S by including it into liposomes

Summary Entrapping illudin S in liposome markedly enhanced life prolonging effect in ddN mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors, presumably by decreasing the side effects.We thank Mr M. Yabe for various technical assistance.     

Enhancement of virus growth produced by thiols and disulphides.

Several thiols and disulphides have been found able both to shorten the latency phase and to increase the growth of several virus strains in cell cultures.     

Mechanism of drug-induced chronic otic lesions. Role of drug accumulation on the melanin of the inner ear

Zusammenfassung Nachweis einer Melanin-Affinität ototoxischer Medikamente im Zusammenhang mit histopathologischen Änderungen in der Stria pigmentierter Tiere, nicht aber bei Albinos, durch Kanamycin.     

Enhancement by caffeine of sister-chromatid exchange frequency induced by antineoplastic agents in human lymphocytes.

The SCE frequency induced by Thiotepa and the effect of this antineoplastic drug in combination with caffeine have been studied in cultures of human peripheral blood. Caffeine was found to enchance SCE and breakage frequencies induced by Thiotepa in human lymphocytes.     

Enhancement of virus growth produced by thiols and disulphides

Summary Several thiols and disulphides have been found able both to shorten the latency phase and to increase the growth of several virus strains in cell cultures.This work has been supported by a grant of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma (Italy).     

Levels of beta-trace protein and lysozyme in human amniotic fluids.

The levels of beta-trace protein and lysozyme were estimated in amniotic fluids from normal fetuses and from fetuses with neuraltube defects. The values of these proteins in normal amniotic fluids were found to be similar to those detected in fetuses with anencephaly and spina bifida. The levels of lysozyme were shown to be correlated with gestational age.     

Enhancement of barium- and cesium-induced adrenal catecholamine release by lidocaine

Summary Catecholamine release evoked from isolated perfused bovine adrenals by Ba⁺² or Cs⁺ is enhanced by lidocaine or by a calcium-free medium. The action of Cs⁺ therefore differs from that of K⁺ or Rb⁺ in adrenal medulla. Divalent and monovalent metallic cations of relatively large atomic weight like Ba⁺² and Cs⁺, probably penetrate the cell more easily than small highly charged ions and act intracellularly to cause adrenal catecholamine release. Local anesthetics and calcium-free media may allow greater influx of Ba⁺² and Cs⁺ into adrenomedullary cells.Acknowledgment. This work was supported by NIH, grant No. AM16153.     

Kinetics of the penetration of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(k)fluoranthene into cells]

Microspectrofluorometric methods have been used to study the kinetics of the increase of fluorescence due to the intake of Benzo(k)Fluoranthène and Benzo(a)Pyrène in single living L cells. A computer program based on the methods of the least square fit has allowed the determination of the kinetic parameters. The results show that pinocytosis cannot be the unique mechanism of intake.