自由基与纸浆漂白(Ⅱ)

介绍预处理降低未漂浆中的过渡金属离子含量和在漂白过程中添加助剂控制自由基、保护碳水化合物的途径，以便达到提高漂白选择性，改善漂白效果，降低漂白废水污染等目的.     

自由基与纸浆漂白(Ⅰ)——自由基的产生及其在漂白中的作用

论述在纸浆的常用漂白剂漂白过程中自由基的产生、自由基与过渡金属离子的关系,自由基的漂白作用及其对碳水化全物的影响等。     

浆池漂白

纸浆浆池漂白法节水节电，降低了生产成本，可供中小纸厂借鉴。     

棉织物的二氧化氯漂白应用研究

二氧化氯是一种强氧化剂,与双氧水和次氯酸纳相比,用于棉织品漂白可有效降解棉织物中的色素和杂质,而且不会降低织物强力,也不会造成水体的严重污染。本文简要阐述了制备二氧化氯溶液的方法,并通过正交试验法研究了二氧化氯漂白法的影响参数。     

膨润土的漂白处理新工艺

通过对膨润土的漂白试验,选用了一种新的漂白剂,它在碱性条件下对杂质铁具有较强的还原性,漂白后再加入一种络合剂稳定残余铁。将样品存放三年或经５００℃煅烧后,其白度仍在８５％以上。与传统的酸法漂白相比,新工艺提高了产品质量,降低了成本,减轻了对设备腐蚀以及对环境的污染。     

硫酸盐木浆含酶预处理的无元素氯和全无氯漂白

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ ４０－Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯和全无氯漂白。实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度。     

保护剂WSE在丝光羊毛漂白中的应用

WSE对羊毛纤维具有溶胀和交联作用,将羊毛保护剂WSE应用于丝光羊毛的漂白,优化了WSE的应用工艺.通过对漂白羊毛单纤维的断裂强力和散纤维的白度测试,表明保护剂WSE可以显著降低羊毛纤维在漂白中的损伤,并提高羊毛纤维的白度.     

大豆蛋白纤维纱线的漂白处理

探讨和比较了氧化法漂白和氧化·还原法漂白两种漂白工艺.在氧化法漂白工艺中,分析了温度、H2O2浓度和时间三种重要参数对漂白效果的影响规律,得出了白度能满足染色要求的两种漂白工艺.     

过渡金属离子对废纸浆H2O2漂白的影响

研究了过渡金属离子对废纸浆H2O2漂白的影响.研究结果表明,经较强的螯合处理之后重新加Cu2 ,Fe2 和Mn2 ,漂后纸浆的白度降低,残余H2O2减少,漂白效率降低.     

江蓠藻酸化漂白及其琼胶分子结构保护的研究

对江蓠藻的ＮａＣｌＯ漂白法和Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白法的漂白工艺和机理进行了深入的研究,ＮａＣｌＯ漂白法和Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白法均应在弱碱性条件下漂白,然后再酸化,既可达到好的漂白效果（白度＞４８）和容易出胶的目的,又能避免琼胶分子在漂白过程中分子结构的破坏,得到高强度的琼胶,这样可以协调解决琼胶白度与凝胶强度之间的矛盾。     

中浓纸浆清洁漂白技术的理论与实践

纸浆传统低浓含氯漂白方法(如CEH)存在对环境污染、水耗和能耗大、不可能适应大产能的要求等问题,需要用中浓氧脱木素、中浓二氧化氯漂白、中浓过氧化氢漂白及它们的组合等清洁漂白技术来取代.文中结合各类清洁漂白技术的特点,研究适用于各浆种的中浓氧脱木素、中浓过氧化氢等漂白技术,结合工程实践,提出适合我国国情的中浓纸浆少污染漂白技术及全无氯漂白技术,从而满足日益严格的环保要求,实现清洁漂白生产.     

马尾松SGW高白度全无氯漂白研究

对马尾松磨石磨木浆(SGW)进行了单段H2O2漂白和2段H2O2漂白试验，研究了不同预处理方法和条件对H2O2漂白效果的影响，提出了最佳的预处理工艺；同时还研究了以EDTA和MgSO4作为金属螯合剂改善H2O2漂白效果，进而确定了H2O2漂白的最佳工艺参数．结果表明，应用EDTA和MgSO4作为金属螯合剂，SGW经预处理后，采用两段H2O2漂白，漂后纸浆白度可由原浆的47．8％提高到74．5％，从而使制得的漂白浆能满足低定量高白度胶印新闻纸和其他高级纸种的生产要求．结果还表明，与传统CEH3段漂白相比，漂白废水中的CODCr减少78．5％，BOD5减少97％，且不再含有可吸附的有机卤化物(AOX)．     

谷壳的漂白研究

采用过氧化氢水溶液对谷壳进行了漂白，按3种不同的实验方法进行了一系列漂白试验，详细讨论了最佳的工艺条件以及影响漂白效果的各种可能因素．     

纸浆漂白技术及其进展

近年来,国内外的漂白技术有了很大发展和进步。特别是在减轻环境污染的强大压力下,许多国均在努力寻找无(少)污染的漂白方法和药品。作者介绍了对环境友好性漂白方法的种类、特点、原理及工艺,论述了其在工业上的应用现状与发展趋势,并对其在应用过程中可能出现的问题进行了讨论。     

MODIFIED OPAL:A NOVEL STABILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING OF PULPS

The possibility of modified opal as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching was investigated. The results showed that the modified opal in place of sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is feasible. At the same dosage, above 3% ISO can be increased for both wheat straw pulp and deinked pulp. The stabilizing ability of the modified opal to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of pulp is improved markedly. It is favorable for bleaching to increase temperature and time within a permissive extent. The suitable process conditions are 10% of pulp consistency, 3% of hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% of sodium hydroxide, 3% of the modified opal, 70℃ and 60 min when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. At these conditions, the brightness gain can reach about 16% ISO for wheat straw pulp. In addition, it is favorable for bleaching to add a little magnesium sulfate when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of pulp can increase I%ISO if0.05% of magnesium sulfate is added. The cost analysis indicated that the modified opal is superior to sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching in economical aspect and has further the potential of market development.     

木聚糖酶漂白机理的形态研究

用扫描电镜观察经木聚糖酶处理过的纸浆纤维样品,发现木聚糖酶可使纤维的表面和内部超微结构发生变化。结果表明,产自于黑曲霉的１＃木聚糖酶和产自于里氏木霉的２＃木聚糖酶由于含纤维素酶活较高,故经处理后的纤维结构遭受严重损伤,因此也降低了纤维强度;而产自于荧光假单孢菌的３＃木聚糖酶由于含纤维素酶活较低,故经预处理后可使纤维表面和横断面上产生比较均匀的孔洞和裂隙,既可增加后续漂剂的渗透性,又不影响纤维的强度,是马尾松ＫＰ浆进行生物预处理的较为理想的木聚糖酶。     

牦牛绒漂白工艺条件的优化

通过对金属盐预媒处理［１］后牦牛绒漂白的三个变量（漂白时间、双氧水浓度和漂白温度）的分析,讨论工艺变量对白度和碱溶解度的影响,并运用正交分析方法,得出牦牛绒漂白的较佳工艺条件。     

Assessment of coral bleaching using symbiotic zooxanthellae density and satellite remote sensing data in the Nansha Islands,South China Sea

Coral bleaching,characterized by a significant loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae,is the primary cause of mass coral mortality and reef degradation throughout the world.The characteristics,processes,and resistance of corals to bleaching varies significantly and is dependent on environmental conditions.We documented a mass coral bleaching event in June 2007 at the Meiji and Zhubi Reefs,Nansha Islands (NS),South China Sea using ecological surveys and measurement of coral zooxanthellae density and sea surface temperatures (SST).More than 35 species of corals (between 0-20 m in depth) were bleached.These bleached corals accounted for 15.6% of total corals in the investigated quadrats.The branching corals Pocillopora and Acropora were the most vulnerable species whereas the massive corals Porites and Favia were more tolerant of the high SSTs.Surprisingly,we found no evidence of bleaching in Agariciidae corals suggesting that this family is resistant to thermal stresses.The bleached corals had lost 72%-90% of their symbiotic zooxanthellae.Furthermore,corals that had no visual signs of bleaching had also lost 31%-53% of their zooxanthellae suggesting that most corals were experiencing the early stage of bleaching.The monthly mean SST during June 2007 was 30.8°C,the highest since 1998.Based on measurements of SST and the Hotspots and DHW data (NOAA),we conclude that it the extremely high SSTs triggered this coral bleaching event.Our results suggest that the previously accepted temperature thresholds used to predict coral bleaching based on satellite data are likely to underestimate the extent and intensity of coral bleaching,at least in the NS.     

VILOFT 纤维针织面料的练漂工艺研究

针织物的练漂工艺是开发新型纤维针织物的关键之一．采用碱氧一浴法,结合单因素分析法和正交试验,以白度和顶破强力为测试指标,研究了VILOFT纤维针织物的练漂工艺．最终确定VILOFT纤维纯纺针织物的最佳练漂工艺为：氢氧化钠2.5％;过氧化氢3％;硅酸钠1.5g/L ;浴比1∶15;温度80℃;漂白时间60min ．结果表明,经过练漂处理后的VILOFT 针织物,充分水洗后手感光泽没有明显变化,白度明显增加,强力有所下降,但在弹性范围内,不会影响针织物的其他各项性能和后道工序．