Characteristics of flame spread over the surface of charring solid combustibles at high altitude

To explore the characteristics of flame spread over the surface of charring solid combustibles at high altitude, the whitewood with uniform texture was chosen to conduct a series of experiments in Lhasa and Hefei, with altitude of 3658 m and 50 m respectively. Several parameters, including the flame height, flame spread rate, flame temperature, surface temperature, were measured on samples with different width and inclinations. A quantitative analysis of flame spread characteristics over sample surface at high altitude was performed. Results showed that, in the environment of lower pressure and oxygen concentration at high altitude, the flame height and flame spread rate over sample surface decreased, but the flame temperature increased slightly. However, with increasing of sample width, the relative difference between the flame spread rates at different altitudes decreased.     

外加辐射条件下水平方向火蔓延的实验研究

论文对存在外加辐射条件下的可燃物表面的水平方向火焰蔓延过程进行了实验研究,得到了多种典型可燃材料在不同的加热功率下,火焰前锋位置随时间变化的数据;分析了外加热情况下,不同性质材料的火蔓延速率的变化。     

Experimental study of flame spread over oil floating on water

The phenomena and mechanism of flame spread over oil floating on water were studied using temperature measurements made by fine thermocouples and an infrared camera,schlieren images of surface convection and video recordings of flame spread.The experimental results reveal that the floating-oil depth greatly affects the average rate of flame spread and average flame pulsation wavelength.The surface tension effect is the main cause of surface convection,which controls flame spread.Momentum loss and heat loss from forward-flowing hot oil to water play an important role in retarding flame spread for oil thicknesses less than about 8 mm.     

改进的Naive—Bayes方法

提出了一种通过考察各属性在给定类中取值的相关程度,合并相关程度较高的属性,以提高ＮａｉｖｅＢａｙｅｓ分类方法精确度的改进方法．实验数据表明,在ＮａｉｖｅＢａｙｅｓ方法表现明显不如决策树等复杂分类算法的领域中,这个改进的方法往往能较大地提高了算法精确度     

有限厚度碳化材料的垂直壁面向上火蔓延模型

研究了垂直壁面向上火蔓延过程受材料本身、壁面以及周围环境中的火源加热等因素的影响，建立了存在外加热情况下火焰沿胶合板材料表面蔓延的模型，模拟了该材料的垂直向上火蔓延随时问的变化过程．研究结果表明，火焰沿垂直平板表面上行的蔓延过程不是线性变化的，而是一个不断加速的过程，随着火蔓延时间的增加，外加热流的影响逐渐增大；当增加衬板导热系数时，火焰蔓延速率下降．     

Flame spread over the surface of thermal insulation materials in different environments

Experiments were conducted in a plateau area in Lhasa and a plain area in Hefei China to investigate the flame spread characteristics on thermal insulation materials under different environmental conditions (pressure and oxygen concentration).Molded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) samples were placed horizontally on a small-scale flame spread experimental bench.Changes in the average length of the pool fire,flame spread speed,average flame height,and length of preheating zone were used to determine the effect of the plateau and plain environments on flame spread characteristics.These parameters were all larger in Hefei than in Lhasa,which indicates the fire hazard in Hefei will be higher than that in Lhasa if insulation materials of the same size are used.     

不同处理对赤苍藤种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为研究不同因素对药食两用植物赤苍藤(Erythropalum scandens Bl.)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,本研究以当年采收的赤苍藤种子为材料,探讨浸种时间(0 d、1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d)、基质含水量(70%、50%、30%)、播种深度(0 cm、1 cm、3 cm、5 cm)、光照条件(全黑、自然光)、基质(沙土、肥土、黄土、混合土)、赤霉素浸种处理及破壳处理(全破、少破、不破)下赤苍藤种子的发芽率及幼苗特性,为其规模化发展提供理论参考。结果表明,浸种时间、基质含水量、播种深度、赤霉素处理均对发芽率有极显著影响(P<0.01),基质和破壳处理对发芽率有显著影响(P<0.05),浸种5 d、50%和30%的基质含水量、播种深度1 cm、混合土基质、50 mg·L^-1赤霉素浸种12 h以及全破处理的发芽率在各对比的处理中均最高。浸种时间和基质含水量对幼苗叶长和枝高均有显著影响(P<0.05),其他处理对幼苗生长无显著影响。综上可知,赤苍藤种子育苗时,可先浸种5 d或用50 mg·L^-1赤霉素浸种12 h...     

WO3-ZrO2/SBA-15的制备及其可见光催化分析

通过溶胶凝胶法,分别制备了不同负载量的WO_3/SBA-15和WO_3-ZrO_2/SBA-15介孔材料,利用XRD、BET和TEM等表征手段对其进行表征,并对其光降解染料罗丹明B的活性进行比对研究分析。结果表明:Wx/SBA-15(x=20,30,40,50)和W_(40)Zry/SBA-15(y=3,5,7,9)均能在可见光下光降解罗丹明B,光催化活性W_(40)/SBA-15W_(50)/SBA-15W_(30)/SBA-15W_(20)/SBA-15;引入ZrO_2后,光催化活性W_(40)Zr_5/SBA-15W_(40)Zr_9/SBA-15W_(40)Zr_7/SBA-15W_(40)Zr_3/SBA-15。其中,W_(40)/SBA-15和W_(40)Zr_5/SBA-15的光降解效率最高,分别为73.4%和86.6%,ZrO_2的引入提高了光降解效率;同时,WO_3/SBA-15和WO_3-ZrO_2/SBA-15也具有很好的循环价值,可多次使用。     

Analysis of flame spread over aviation kerosene

Flame spread behaviors and temperature rise of fuel surface were experimentally investigated. A series of tests on aviation kerosene pool fires were conducted by using the schlieren image system, micro-thermocouple and infrared thermal imager. The velocity evolutions of flame spread and surface flow under different initial fuel temperatures were discussed. The characteristics of fuel surface temperature rise were revealed, and it was found that the preheating effect of surface flow on fuel decreased with increasing initial fuel temperature.     

热连轧粗轧区FES宽展模型及其优化

为了满足某厂1580热连轧机宽度控制精度需求,提高宽展模型的广泛适用性,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,对热轧粗轧区立轧--平轧过程进行了模拟.根据模拟数据,系统地分析了轧件宽度、厚度、轧辊直径、立辊侧压量和厚度压下量对"狗骨"宽展、自然宽展和绝对宽展的影响规律.利用模拟数据并结合现场数据构造了FES(finite element simulation)"狗骨"宽展模型和自然宽展模型,并建立了PSO-BP神经网络(粒子群BP神经网络).最后,FES宽展模型与PSO--BP神经网络相结合预报第1、3和5道次的宽展,其预报值与实测值误差在1mm以内的均达到了99%以上,达到了宽度控制的精度要求.     

最小抵抗线对台阶模型爆破效果影响研究

为揭示最小抵抗线（W）对台阶模型爆破效果的影响,利用相似准则原理加工混凝土台阶模型进行爆破试验,并采用高速摄影系统、瞬态信号测量仪以及超动态应变测试仪等对爆破效果进行监测分析,得到结果如下:爆堆质量及最大块度随着W的增大而增大;随着W的增加自由面初速度减小,模型装药中心点合速度与水平方向夹角逐渐减小,且W越大夹角减小越缓慢;自由面上的峰值应变随到爆源距离的减小而增大;随着W的增大最大振动速度会先增加后减小,爆破振动主频则呈现逐渐降低的趋势.      

自由火焰影像发展的测量和分析

利用ＣＣＤ（ＣｈａｒｇｅＣｏｕｐｌｅｄＤｅｖｉｃｅｓ）摄像和计算机图像采集技术，测量了若干种自由火焰在形成及燃烧蔓延过程中的影像发展．可用几何函数和傅立叶函数分别描述火焰形成及燃烧蔓延过程中的影像发展．通过对有关回归函数数据的分析表明，火焰形成受燃烧规律控制，火焰波动受空气介入影响．     

Preconcentration and Separation of Trace Copper in Water Samples with Nanometer-Size TiO2 Colloid and Determination by FAAS

A new absorbent of nanometer-size TiO2 colloid for Cu(Ⅱ) was studied in this work. The adsorption rate could reach above 99% when the pH values were at the range of 5-6. The adsorption balance time, adsorption capacities, and the eluent were investigated. A novel method of trace Cu(Ⅱ) preconcentration and separation with nanometer-size titanium dioxide colloid and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was advanced. The detection limit (3σ) of the method was 1.15 μg· L~(-1) , and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was 1.53% (n=6). Environmental sample experiments were also conducted to test the feasibility of the method, and it came out that the recovery rates were between 95.9% and 97.8%.     

钝缀锦蛤选育群体F2生长性状相关性及遗传力分析

为开展钝缀锦蛤早期群体选育,通过生长性状研究群体选育的潜力,以经1代群体选育钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)为亲本,通过阶段性移养的方式建立7个半同胞家系和混养F_2闭锁群体,分析12月龄和18月龄F_2群体的生长性状相关性,基于约束极大似然法(Restricted Maximum Likelihood,REML)估算12月龄钝缀锦蛤生长性状遗传力。结果显示钝缀锦蛤生长性状相关性达到极显著水平(P0.01)。根据多元回归分析结果,12月龄F_2群体壳长、壳高和壳宽对体质量直接作用为0.377,0.370,0.276;18月龄F_2群体壳长、壳高和壳宽对体质量直接作用为0.389,0.361,0.351。2个阶段壳体性状对体质量的直接作用相近,且直接作用大于间接作用,壳长对体质量直接作用最大。相比12月龄,8月龄F2群体壳宽对体质量的直接作用提高。12月龄和18月龄F2群体壳长(x_1)、壳高(x_2)、壳宽(x_3)对体质量(y)的回归方程分别为y=-48.724+0.513x_1+0.754x_2+0.882x_3(R~2=0.848)和y=-94.689+0.772x_1+1.141x_2+1.608x_3(R~2=0.864)。估算壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量半同胞个体遗传力分别为0.14±0.16、0.10±0.08、0.49±0.28、0.29±0.14,壳宽的遗传力最高,表明壳宽是钝缀锦蛤选育的首选性状。本研究结果为钝缀锦蛤群体选育提供基础数据。     

拟穴青蟹形态性状与性腺重量的相关分析

选取16月龄池塘养殖雌性拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)67只,测量其头胸甲长(X1)、头胸甲宽(X2)、腹部宽(X3)、体重(X4)和性腺重(Y),利用相关分析和通径分析方法计算形态性状对性腺重的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,明确影响拟穴青蟹性腺重的主要形态性状,为拟穴青蟹选育提供理论依据和技术支持.结果表明,形态性状与性腺重相关性极显著(P＜0.01),其中体重对性腺重的直接影响和决定程度最大(0.736,54.2％),腹部宽次之,头胸甲长最小.通过头胸甲长、腹部宽和体重估计性腺重的多元回归方程为:Y=14.467-1.556X1+1.626X3+0.245X4 (R2=0.499).     

Introducing antisense <Emphasis Type="Italic">waxy</Emphasis> gene into rice seeds reduces grain amylose contents using a safe transgenic technique

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) eating quality is one of themost important traits. Amylose content (AC) in rice en-dosperm is a major index affecting rice eating quality[1,2].It has a negative correlation with gel consistency of rice[3].Based on amylose content, r…     

有侧开缝的竖直通道内旋转火焰高度特性

为研究侧开缝竖直通道内旋转火焰高度的特性,搭建了内部尺寸为32cm(长)×32cm(宽)×200cm(高)的竖直通道,选取正庚烷和酒精为燃料,在斜对侧开缝和正对侧开缝两种形式下进行了不同直径火源的旋转火焰实验.实验结果表明,初期旋转火焰的高度值首先经历一个相对短暂的前期稳定阶段,之后达到最大值稳定阶段;以正庚烷为燃料形成的强烈旋转火焰高度在后期迅速下降,而以酒精为燃料时火焰高度的下降会经历一个缓冲的阶段;当以正庚烷为燃料时,火焰高度同时受到浮力和旋转强度的双重影响.并根据实验结果对火焰高度的无量纲表达式进行了修正.     

岩溶石漠化不同修复林分的早期生长动态分析

为阐明岩溶石漠化不同修复林分的早期生长动态特征及变化规律,选择2011年营造的顶果木(Acrocarpus fraxinifolius)纯林(PAFP)、降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera)纯林(PDOP)和顶果木×降香黄檀混交林(MADP)为研究对象,设置固定监测样地,基于2013年、2015年、2019年、2021年的4次林分调查,研究了3种修复林分胸径、树高、蓄积量的动态变化。结果表明,监测期8 a内,3种修复林分平均胸径、树高和林分蓄积量均随时间推移显著增加;PAFP林分蓄积量增长率为137.23%,MADP为292.28%,PDOP为1 090.39%;3种林分单株胸径、树高和蓄积量年平均生长量均表现为PDOP (0.76 cm, 0.56 m, 0.004 m³)>MADP (0.55 cm, 0.53 m, 0.003 m³)>PAFP (0.34 cm, 0.30 m, 0.002 m³),3种林分蓄积量年平均生长量也表现为PDOP (5.49 m³/hm<...     

甲烷/空气预混气的火焰传播过程

为研究爆炸罐内甲烷/空气预混气中火焰的传播过程,利用高速摄像仪对火焰的传播过程进行了拍摄,用压力测试系统测量了爆炸罐中压力的成长过程,分析了火焰传播特性,计算了层流燃烧速度和不同位置的爆炸特性值.研究结果表明:根据高速摄像仪得到的图片将预混火焰分为火焰稳定成长及剧烈燃烧阶段,用两种方法测得预混气的层流燃烧速度分别为0.344和0.391m/s.爆炸特性值的最大值出现在离点火位置0.75m处,壁面的爆炸特性值偏小.     

Structures and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-O films RF-sputtered in a high magnetic field

We have investigated the effects of high magnetic fields on the microstructures and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-O films deposited by RF sputtering. Three typical sample appearances, hole-in-center, phase-separation and hybridization were obtained for the Fe-Si-O films prepared in the oxygen-argon flow ratio V_O2/V_total＜1.0%, magnetic field B_appl≤1.0 T regime, indicating that not only the distribution of plasma but also the angular distribution of sputtered atoms are influenced by a high magnetic field. In the oxygen-argon flow ratio V_O2/V_total＞2.0%, magnetic field B_appl≥2.0 T regime, strong (110) orientation of Fe₃O₄ grains and larger remanence and coercivity measured in the direction normal to the film plane appeared in the Fe-Si-O films. This result indicates that the high magnetic fields not only orient the Fe-Si-O film but also induce remarkable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy during the deposition.