各向异性材料流动应力模型研究

根据塑性应变的等效原理,基于Hill48屈服准则,建立各向异性材料等效塑性应变表达式,并应用于各向异性材料流动应力的建模.将Swift模型、Voce模型及Swift-Voce模型等流动应力模型应用于各向异性材料应变强化行为预测.结果表明:在材料均匀变形的小应变范围内,三种模型的决定系数高于0.998,均方根优于2.523,具有很高的拟合精度;在材料的大应变范围内,Swift-Voce模型的决定系数为0.967,均方根为11.973,预测效果最佳,能较好地预测各向异性材料大应变范围的流动应力.研究结果可为材料的数值模拟提供更准确的流动应力模型,提高计算精度.     

面心立方金属的基于位错密度的循环本构模型

在晶体塑性理论框架下,建立适用于面心立方金属多晶材料的基于位错密度的循环本构模型.在各向同性硬化律中总位错密度被离散为螺位错和刃位错两部分,考虑了位错增殖、湮灭和相互作用的演化机制,同时采用了修正的非线性随动硬化律,建立单晶的循环本构模型,通过显式尺度过渡准则,把该模型拓展到多晶尺度.应用该模型模拟了典型面心立方结构材料多晶铜的棘轮行为.数值模拟结果表明,该模型不仅可以从多晶尺度模拟材料的棘轮行为和循环硬化特征,还可以从单晶尺度预测不同晶向和不同应力水平下的棘轮行为.     

正交异性介质中稳恒扩展裂纹尖端的位移场

将正变异性材料视为理想弹塑性材料,采用R·Hill屈服准则及与之相关的流动法则,假定材料不可压缩的条件下,获得了稳恒扩展裂纹尖端应力、应变场.在此基础上,可以获得正交异性介质中稳恒扩展裂纹尖端的位移场.结果表明,应变场具有In(A/r)的奇异性,位移场具有rin(A/r)的量级.     

一种新的弹塑性本构矩阵及应用

利用非关联流动法则,在空间状态下基于M—C准则导出一种新的屈服准则以及相应的弹塑性本构关系,该屈服准则与M—C准则所得的塑性体应变增量完全相等,并体现了中间应力σ2对屈服的影响．并把新准则与其他准则在理论上进行了分析、比较．最后把本文提出的新准则与有限元强度折减系效法结合起来,通过对c、φ的等效替换,利用ANSYS通用程序进行边坡稳定分析,所得结果与极限平衡法吻合良好．     

基于弹性应变能的MohrCoulomb强度准则讨论

从弹性应变能释放是材料屈服的基本原理来看,MohrCoulomb(M-C)强度准则认为屈服时材料的泊松比恒为0.5,这可能违反能量守恒定律.研究了弹性应变能、应力偏量第二不变量、应力张量第二不变量及泊松比之间的关系,提出广义应力偏量第二不变量概念;从弹性应变能角度对M-C强度准则的物理意义进行分析,提出广义M-C强度准则;利用强度准则对岩石的破坏强度进行了计算.结果表明,由于考虑了中间主应力与泊松比的影响,广义M-C强度准则的计算精度更高,并分析了产生这种结果的内在机理.广义M-C强度准则突破了材料破坏时的泊松比恒为0.5的假设,这对于定量描述材料的屈服与破坏特性具有重要的意义.     

岩土类介质屈服函数的实质

基于岩土类介质两种常用屈服准则,摩尔库仑屈服准则和杜拉克-普拉格屈服准则相匹配关系,在引入并规定了应力罗德角的条件下推导了三轴压缩、三轴拉伸和平面应变等几种情况下岩土类介质屈服函数的等效表达公式,证明了岩土类介质屈服函数的实质是在一定应力状态下偏应力张量第二不变量与材料自身属性之间的函数关系。     

位错的统计力学以及位错引起晶体的熔化理论

在位错对详细讨论的基础上建立一个晶体熔化的理论模型。该理论预测一级相变并得出晶体熔化温度的上限。引起面心立方结构和体心立方结构熔化的位错类型是不同的,前者是偏位错引起,后者是全位错引起。计算出22种立方晶体的熔化温度接近实验得出的熔化温度。提出了偏位错熔化温度低,这应当是面心立方比体心立方熔化温度低的原因之一。     

考虑材料应变硬化和包辛格效应的厚壁筒自增强理论模型

提出了一种以材料的实际拉-压应力应变曲线为基础,考虑材料应变硬化行为和包辛格效应的厚壁管自增强理论模型．本模型通过直接对实际材料拉-压应力应变曲线进行四段拟合得到所需参数,因此能更好地反映材料的应力-应变特性,给出更精确的残余应力计算结果．模型预测的残余应力和实验测试结果与其他3种自增强理论模型预测结果进行了比较,结果表明,该模型的预测结果和实验测试值吻合,比其他理论模型给出了更精确残余应力预测结果．讨论了包辛格效应和屈服准则对筒壁残余应力的影响．理想弹塑性模型、线性强化模型以及幂硬化模型等都是本模型的特例．     

有强化材料圆形压力孔道体的弹塑性解析分析

采用弹性-幂律塑性本构模型来考虑材料的应变硬化特性,基于Hencky全量理论和Von Mises屈服准则,用应力解法统一导出了有强化材料圆形压力孔道体孔道附近的弹塑性应力、应变和位移分量的封闭表达式,为圆形压力孔道问题的力学分析建立了一种新的解析格式。分析表明,已知的含圆形压力孔道体的线弹性Lame解和弹性-理想塑性P.Hill解只是本文解的两个特例。本文解作为一般解,既能反映材料的弹性变形,也能计入材料的塑性应变强化。     

航空铝合金应变空间弹塑性本构模型

从应变空间表述的塑性增量本构模型一般形式出发,根据航空铝合金等线性强化材料特性建立应变空间弹塑性本构模型。应变空间本构模型所需参数通过应力空间中对应参数转化得到,材料的屈服准则、流动法则、内变量和塑性模量等准则及参量均以应变空间的形式建立,从而构建适合铝合金等线性强化材料的弹塑性增量模型。通过算例计算,证明该模型与应力空间增量本构模型等效。该模型所需计算变量为可在线获得的应变,使应力分析计算大为简化,可以方便地求解应力空间本构模型难以求解的强化材料变形问题。因此特别适合于航空铝合金厚板预拉伸等金属变形加工工艺的应力分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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