Geographical genetic diversity and divergence of common wild rice （O. rufipogon Griff.） in China

Using 36 SSR markers and 889 accessions of common wild rice in China, the genetic diversity and the divergence among different geographical populations are investigated. Guangdong Province has the largest number of alleles, which account for 84% of the total alleles detected in the study, followed by Guangxi Province. The Nei＇s gene diversity indices, from high to low, are in the sequence of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Yunnan provinces. Two genetic diversity centers of Chinese common wild rice are detected on the basis of geographic analysis, i.e., the region covering Boluo, Zijin, Lufeng, Haifeng, Huidong and Huiyang counties of Guangdong Province and the region covering Yongning, Longan, Laibin and Guigang counties of Guangxi Province. The common wild rice in Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces are diverged into respectively independent populations with relatively large genetic distances, whereas, those in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces have relatively low genetic divergence. Under the condition of geographic separation, natural selection is considered as one of the primary forces contributing to the divergence of common wild rice in China.     

长江中下游大豆熟期组归属及地理分布

选择256 份我国各大豆栽培区代表性地方品种为材料,以国际通用的美国000~ X 熟期组的48份标准品种为对照,在南京进行分期播种及光照处理试验, 制订出与国际相衔接的我国大豆生育期生态类型划分标准,将我国大豆划分为 000~Ⅺ 熟期组; 明确我国长江中下游大豆区春豆归属 0~Ⅳ组、 夏豆归属Ⅲ~Ⅷ组, 并分析长江中下游大豆区春、夏豆品种熟期组地理分布概况.     

Further molecular evidence for the Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum in Tibet as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley

106 aeeessions of Tibetan wild barley, including 50 accessions of the two-rowed wiht barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. sopntaneum （HS）, 27 accessions of the six-rowed bottle-shaped wild barley H. lagunculiforme （HL） and 29 accessions of the six-rowed wiht barley H. agriocrithon （HA） that separately represent different agrigeographical regions of Tibet, were used to study the genetic diversity and genetie differentiation using SSR markers selected from seven barley linkage groups. 229 allelic variants were identified with an average of 7.6 alleles/locus. The average of total number of alleles per locus in HA （6.4） is much higher than that in HS （3.9） and HL （3.4）. The genetie diversity and its standard deviation among the three subspecies were in the order of HS〉HL〉HA. Very significant genetic differentiation was observed among the three subspecies of wild barley. Comparisons of the results fiom this and previous studies showed a strong Oriental-Occidental differentiation of barley, and that Shannan region of Tibet might be the center of origin of the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley, thus supporting not only the hypothesis of a mono-phyletie origin of cultivated barley but also the proposition that the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley.     

野大豆与栽培大豆愈伤组织耐盐性比较

野大豆(Glycine soja)是唯一能与栽培大豆(Glycine max)杂交而后代能育的野生近缘种,具有极强的耐盐碱性,利用野大豆与栽培大豆有性杂交,结合离体组织培养技术,进行耐盐性变异体的离体筛选,是提高大豆耐盐性的一种有效途径。本研究选择5种栽培大豆品种和从黄河三角洲地区(山东东营)获得的野大豆,进行了大豆成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及愈伤组织耐盐性研究。结果显示,不同浓度Na Cl胁迫下,野大豆愈伤组织的存活率明显高于栽培大豆,与对照相比鲜重下降幅度明显低于栽培大豆;Na Cl胁迫下,野大豆愈伤组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性明显高于栽培大豆愈伤组织,MDA含量明显低于栽培大豆,表明野大豆愈伤组织耐盐性明显优于栽培大豆。该研究为耐盐大豆新品种培育提供了理论依据。     

西藏石榴野生群体的SSR遗传多样性分析

【目的】调查西藏地区野生石榴种质资源,分析西藏野生石榴群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为野生石榴资源的保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】使用13对SSR引物对3个自然群体共42份西藏地区野生石榴种质资源材料DNA进行PCR扩增,毛细管电泳检测扩增片段长度,使用GenAlEx和Arlequin等软件对SSR数据进行分析。【结果】13对引物共检测到44个等位基因,平均3.385个,引物的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、香农信息指数(I)、期望杂合度(H_e)和多态信息量(PIC)分别为1.971、0.771、0.481和0.393。3个野生群体的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、平均香农信息指数(I)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为1.867、0.646和0.421,林芝b(LZb)群体的遗传多样性水平高于其他2个群体。AMOVA分析表明,群体内遗传变异高达88.43%,3个群体间的遗传分化系数(F_st)为0.116。种质聚类分析将供试种质划分为3个亚群,结果与种质地理来源具有一定关联性。遗传结构分析显示西藏野生石榴有4个可能的基因库来源。【结论】13对SSR引物可用于西藏野生石榴种质的遗传多样性等研究。西藏野生石榴种质的遗传变异主要存在于群体内;林芝b(LZb)群体遗传多样性最高,遗传结构复杂,且含有最多的野生种质采样点,可予以优先保护。     

Genetic structure and diversity of Oryza sativa L. in Guizhou, China

Preserving many kinds of rice resources and rich variations, Guizhou Province is one of the districts with the highest genetic diversity of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.） in China. In the current research, genetic diversity and structure of 537 accessions of cultivated rice from Guizhou were studied using 36 microsetellite markers and 39 phenotypic characters. The results showed that the model-based genetic structure was the same as genetic-distance-based one using SSRs but somewhat different from the documented classification （mainly based on phenotype） of two subspecies. The accessions being classified into indica by phenotype but japonica by genetic structure were much more than that being classified into japonica by phenotype but indica by genetic structure. Like Ding Ying＇s taxonomic system of cultivated rice, the subspecific differentiation was the most distinct differentiation within cultivated rice. But the differentiation within indica or japonica population was different： japonica presented clearer differentiation between soil-watery ecotypes than indica, and indica presented clearer differentiation between seasonal ecotypes than japonica. Cultivated rices in Guizhou revealed high genetic diversity at both DNA and phenotypic levels. Possessing the highest genetic diversity and all the necessary conditions as a center of genetic diversity, region Southwestern of Guizhou was suggested as the center of genetic diversity of O. sativa L. from Guizhou.     

Genetic diversity of Chinese summer soybean germplasm revealed by SSR markers

There are abundant soybean germplasm in China. In order to assess genetic diversity of Chinese summer soybean germplasm, 158 Chinese summer soybean accessions from the primary core collection of G max were used to analyze genetic variation at 67 SSR loci. A total of 460 alleles were detected, in which 414 and 419 alleles occurred in the 80 Huanghuai and the 78 Southern summer accessions, respectively. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.9 for all the summer accessions, and 6.2 for both Huanghuai and Southern summer accessions. Marker diversity (D) per locus ranged from 0.414 to 0.905 with an average of 0.735 for all the summer accessions, from 0.387 to 0.886 with an average of 0.708 for the Huanghuai summer accessions, and from 0.189 to 0.884 with an average of 0.687 for the Southern summer accessions. The Huanghuai and Southern summer germplasm were different in the specific alleles, allelic-frequencies and pairwise genetic similarities. UPGMA cluster analysis based on the similarity data clearly separated the Huanghuai from Southern summer soybean accessions, suggesting that they were different gene pools. The results indicate that Chinese Huanghuai and Southern summer soybean germplasm can be used to enlarge genetic basis for developing elite summer soybean cultivars by exchanging their germplasm.     

基于遗传多样性和空间遗传结构的野生大豆居群采样策略

筛选了17对SSR引物对山东省垦利黄河口自然保护区野生大豆(G.sojaSieb.etZucc.)居群892份材料的遗传多样性及其随样本量变化而变化的规律进行了分析,同时以SSR的多态性为参照对该居群内的小尺度空间遗传结构进行了研究.发现该种群的平均每位点的等位基因数(A)为2.88,预期杂合度(He)为0.431,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.699,多态位点比率(P)为100%.以计算机模拟方法随机抽取该居群不同个体组成的抽样样本,并计算各样本的多样性指数与样本量变化的回归关系,发现27~52个样本即可达到居群总体多样性水平的95%.通过空间自相关分析,得出该居群遗传结构的斑块大小约为18 m.该研究为野生大豆居群的合理取样提供了科学依据.     

金华地区野生大豆小种群的分子生态学研究

为了阐明小地区范围内野生大豆种群的遗传分化情况,应用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,对浙江金华地区５个一年生野生大豆种群,进行了分子生态学研究。用根据ＲＡＰＤ数据计算得 Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ指数估计了５个野生大豆种群的遗传多样性。发现大部分的遗传变异存在于野生大豆种群间,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群内。     

Genetic structure and eco-geographical differentiation of cultivated Hsien rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) in China revealed by microsatellites

Indica is not only an important rice subspecies widely planted in Asia and the rest of the world,but it is also the genetic background of the majority of hybrid varieties in China.Studies on genetic structure and genetic diversity in indica germplasm resources are important for the classification and utilization of cultivated rice in China.Using a genetically representative core collection comprising 1482 Chinese indica landraces,we analysed the genetic structure,geographic differentiation and diversity.Model-based structure analysis of varieties within three ecotypes revealed nine eco-geographical types partially accordant with certain ecological zones in China.Differentiation of eco-geographical types was attributed to local ecological adaption and physical isolation.These groups may be useful for developing heterotic groups of indica.To facilitate the identification of different ecotypes and eco-geographical types,we identified characteristic SSR alleles of each ecotype and eco-geographical type and a rapid index of discrimination based on characteristic alleles.The characteristic alleles and rapid discrimination index may guide development of heterotic groups,and selection of hybrid parents.     

中国大豆地理生态型生育前期光温综合反应

选择 2 56份我国大豆各地理生态型的代表品种为材料 ,采用分期播种的试验方法 ,以大豆在不同播期间生育前期的标准差为生育前期光温综合反应的指标 ,比较我国不同大豆地理生态型生育前期光温综合反应及品种间变异     

Genetic diversity and geographic pattern of wild lotus （Nelumbo nucifera） in Heilongjiang Province

1MATERIALS AND METHODS1.1PLANT MATERIALS FROM AUGUST TO SEPTEMBER IN2004,WE TRAVELED EX-TENSIVELY IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE LOOKING FOR THE WILD LOTUS.THE WILD LOTUS WAS FOUND AT40LOCALITIES AND49ACCESSIONS OF SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AT THESE LOCALITIES(FIG…     

青藏高原栽培青稞SSR标记遗传多样性研究

利用SSR标记评估了64份青藏高原栽培青稞的遗传多样性。选择的30个SSR标记中,22个标记扩增良好且具有多态性,每位点检测出的等位基因数为2~15个,共检测出等位基因132个,平均6.0个;各多态位点检测出基因型为2~11种,多态信息指数为0.16~0.91,平均为0.65。这些表明青藏高原栽培青稞具有丰富的遗传多样性。同时发现,青藏高原栽培青稞在麦芽性状、淀粉性状、病虫及裸粒等重要农艺性状存在丰富的变异,是遗传育种的宝贵资源库。不同来源的群体材料的遗传多样性不同,具有区域特异稀有基因。聚类分析将材料分为四组,材料聚类与材料来源地和生长习性无相关性。聚类图显示了不同材料间的遗传距离或遗传相似程度,可为材料选择提供参考。     

黄河三角洲地区野大豆根瘤菌生物学特性及其遗传多样性研究

野大豆具有耐盐碱、抗寒、抗病等特点,对于研究大豆遗传基因的变迁、改善大豆品质和产量具有重要作用。为了探明黄河三角洲地区野大豆根瘤菌的生物学特性及其遗传多样性,从黄河三角洲地区的14个乡镇26个采样点采集了227株野大豆,从其根瘤中分离纯化根瘤菌,进行一系列的生理生化实验、抗逆性实验、结瘤能力测定、结瘤广谱性测定、16S rDNA序列测定和RAPD分析,共分离纯化出100 株根瘤菌,其中菌株3D-21,3D-24,3K-8,3K-23VS等对酸、碱、盐、抗生素、高温、低温均有较强耐受性,且结瘤能力也较强;菌株7K-8结瘤能力较强,K-5抗逆性较强。16S rDNA序列测定表明所获菌株分属于3个属7个种,相近菌株的RAPD分析呈现明显的多态性。结果表明黄河三角洲地区野大豆根瘤菌存在着丰富的多样性,部分菌株结瘤能力和/或抗逆能力强,该研究为挖掘、利用优良菌株资源奠定了基础。     

珍稀濒危植物石山苏铁的SSR引物设计和遗传多样性分析

揭示珍稀濒危植物石山苏铁(Cycas sexseminifera)种群的遗传多样性水平和遗传分化大小,确定优先保护种群,对石山苏铁的有效保护和管理策略的制定具有重要意义。本研究基于简化基因组序列分析设计Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR)引物,并利用SSR引物进行遗传多样性检测。实验共获得6对SSR引物,6对引物共检测出37个观测等位基因(Na),其中最小观测等位基因数目为3,最大观测等位基因数目为12,平均每个位点等位基因数目为6.167。位点GZST002、GZST055、GZST065、GZST088是高度多态性位点(PIC>0.5)。石山苏铁各种群期望杂合度(He)为0.330-0.533,平均值为0.444,表明石山苏铁遗传多样性处于中等水平;7个种群的He值大小顺序为广西植物研究所引种(ZWS)>崇左广河(GH)>崇左排汝(PR)>隆安陇怀(LH)>崇左中干(ZG)>百色作登(ZD)>隆安新会(XH)。固定系数(F)为-0.161-0.480,平均值为0.074,其中LH、PR、XH 3个野生种群为负值,GH、ZD、ZG 3个野生种群的固定系数则大于0;7个种群的F值大小顺序为百色作登(ZD)>广西植物研究所引种(ZWS)>崇左中干(ZG)>崇左广河(GH)>隆安陇怀(LH)>隆安新会(XH)>崇左排汝(PR)。因此,综合各个遗传指标,石山苏铁需要重点保护和引种的野生种群是遗传多样性相对较高的崇左广河(GH)种群。同时建议开发更多的SSR引物和采集更广范围的石山苏铁野生种群,精准筛选遗传多样性高的优良种群,以利于更全面和准确地评估石山苏铁的遗传多样性水平和濒危机制。     

The genetic diversity of Gaozhou wild rice analyzed by SSR

LOCATED AT 21°42′34″―22°18′48″N AND 110°36′48″― 111°22′45″E IN THE TRANSITION REGION FROM SOUTH SUB- TROPICS TO NORTH SUBTROPICS, GAOZHOU WILD RICE (GWR) IS COMMON WILD RICE (ORYZA RUFIPOGON GRIFF.) AND THE WIDEST WILD RICE POPULATION IN GUA     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: the evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang, west China, as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting. A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed, and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi, Henan, and Xinjiang. The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran. The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from Iran—the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii. The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the west during various periods of time in history. This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road, and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agriculture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

应用RAPD技术对新疆布顿大麦遗传多样性的研究

利用RAPD分子标记，通过40条10碱基随机引流，对32份新疆布顿大麦进行了遗传多样性评价。在40个10碱基随机引物中，有22个引物（占55％）的扩增产物具有多态性，每条多态性引物能产生1－7条多态性DNA带纹。40个引物共扩增227条带，其中95条（占41．9％）具有多态性，平均每条引物能产生1．7条多态性DNA带纹。基于RAPD技术计算了32份布屯大麦间的遗传相似系数（GS）变化值为0．427－0．848，平均值为0．681，利用不完全加权算术平均数（UPGMA），采用1－GS矩阵对其进行遗传聚类，结果表明，RAPD标记将32份参试材料区分为3类（或亚类），来源于新疆北部的20份材料有17份材料（占85％）聚入Ib亚类，而第Ia亚类则主要来自于新疆中部的一些材料。研究表明，RAPD标记揭示的新疆布顿大麦间的遗传多样性与其地理来源紧密相关。     

基于ISSR标记的稻属AA基因组遗传多样性分析

为了确定稻属AA基因组物种间的遗传差异和系统进化关系,62份来自广泛地理分布的水稻品系被用于ISSR标记分析。这些品系包含有6个野生稻种(O.nivara,O.rufipogon、O.barthi,O.longistaminata,O.glumaepatula,和O.meridionalis)和2个栽培稻种(O.sativa和O.glaberrima)。21条能产生良好重复性条带模式的ISSR引物被筛选出,并在62个水稻品系中揭示出非常好的多态性。全部样品的基因多样性为0.527,同时显示出ISSR标记在稻属物种遗传多样性研究中具有强大的作用。根据ISSR条带模式,利用Jaccard配对相似系数构建的一致性树状图,显示出具有良好自展支持率的稻属AA基因组遗传多样性关系。结果表明,来自不同大陆的稻属物种具有较近的亲缘关系,尤其是亚洲野生稻物种与Vaughan1989年建立的稻属分类系统具有良好的一致性。研究结果将对稻属AA基因组野生稻在水稻育种实践中的有效利用具有非常重要的意义。