多孔催化剂颗粒有效导热系数的动态法测定

本文采用Ｓｈａｒｍａ等提出的动态法来测定催化剂的有效导热系数．改用了单丝直 径为０．１ｍｍ的镍铬－镍硅热偶作为测温元件。在对本文所采用的实验方法进行检验 的基础上，测定了几种催化剂在空气中的有效导热系数。     

固定床有效导热系数的研究

采用稳态法和非稳态参数估值法测定了气体静止时固定床有效导热系数(以下简称固定床的有效导热系数),前者采用圆柱体导热模型,求得在某特定温度下固定床有效导热系数;后者根据固定床拟均相非稳态传热模型,获得了适用于宽温度范围的固定床有效导热系数与气体导热系数和固体导热系数之间的关联式。并将填充挤条型氧化铁系催化剂、催化剂载体Al2O3和玻璃珠的固定床的测定结果与前人推荐的固定床有效导热系数的多种计算方法进行比较。结果证明,对于气-固体系计算固定床的有效导热系数较为适宜的经验式为:λb0=λf×10(0.785-0.057lg(λs/λf))×lg(λs/λf)。该经验式在20～500℃对于高、中、低导热系数多种物系的固体颗粒床层均适用。     

二氧化硅薄膜导热系数试验研究

根据3ω方法测试原理，搭建了薄膜导热系数测试平台．在40—170K温度范围内，测试等离子体增强化学气相淀积(PECVD)方法制备的SiO2薄膜导热系数，同时测试了掺杂体态硅基底的导热系数．测试结果表明：在这个温度范围内，SiO2薄膜的导热系数随着温度升高而增大；杂质对体态硅的导热系数存在很大的影响．基于Callaway模型对体态硅导热系数测试结果进行拟合得到的掺杂浓度与实际值吻合较好，表明3ω方法测试原理不仅可以用来测试纳米薄膜的热传导系数．还可用来测定体态硅基底的掺杂浓度．     

稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数

叙述了稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数的原理和方法，讨论分析和比较了两种人造板的测试结果。结果表明：稳态热流计法导热仪具有稳定时间短、测试方便等优点，可用于测定固体材料、纤维材料和多孔隙材料的导热系数。     

双室热保护法测定保温材料导热系数的研究

给出了双室热保护法测定保温材料的导热系数的原理,设计了测试装置。外室作为热保护装置,内室作为测试加热装置,基于稳态下测试保温材料平板的导热系数,该装置不受保温材料尺寸的限制。文章分析了影响测试结果的因素和理论误差,该装置可以用于保温材料出厂前的导热系数的测试及使用过的保温材料的老化程度的检验。     

乙烯基乙酸酯合成催化剂的有效导热系数和壁给热系数测定

以壁冷式固定床测定了4种相同材质不同几何形状的负载型催化剂的传热参数，建立了二维拟均相模型，并以正交配置法对催化剂床层的径向有效导热系数和壁给热系数进行了求解。比较了催化剂几何形状的不同对于床层传热参数的影响。     

陶瓷微球填充型隔热涂料的有效导热系数

利用SEM对一种陶瓷微球填充型隔热涂料进行了分析,在此基础上运用数值单元体法建立了计算其有效导热系数的模型.分别讨论了球壁厚度、球壁有效导热系数及陶瓷微球填充率等3个主要因素对该涂料有效导热系数的影响.为验证计算结果,利用稳态平板法测试了几种隔热涂料的导热系数.研究发现:选用壁面薄的陶瓷微球可制成性能较好的隔热涂料;陶瓷球壁的有效导热系数对涂料的有效导热系数影响很大,前者必须很低,比如小于0.05 W/(m·K),才可显著降低涂料有效导热系数;增加填充率可明显降低涂料有效导热系数;填充陶瓷微球确可改善涂料隔热性能,但程度有限.     

大温差测试条件下热防护材料高温导热系数试验方法

热防护材料高温导热系数是进行高超声速飞行器设计不可或缺的参数。通过热防护材料导热系数理论分析以及传统稳态法试验原理数学推导,说明了热防护材料导热系数物理本质。探讨了试验温差对热防护材料导热系数测试的重要性和传统稳态法在测试热防护材料高温导热系数时的技术局限性。基于热防护材料内部温度分层特征以及导热系数-温度非线性关系函数形式直接假设,提出并分析证明了两种适用于大温差测试条件的热防护材料高温导热系数试验方法。对热防护材料高温导热系数获取有重要的参考价值。     

环柱形催化剂当量直径及传热参数的测定

实验测定了一种新型的环柱形催化剂活性组分在其内、外表面上不均匀分布的乙烯基乙酸酯合成反应器的床层压降和该催化剂填充床的二维温度分布；以压降实验数据代入Ergun公式计算了环柱形催化剂的当量直径ds和填充床的传热参数，采用正交配置的方法对拟均相二维传热模型进行求解，得到床层的径向有效导热系数和壁给热系数。     

计时法快速测定材料导热系数,比热容和热扩散率

以一维半无限体瞬态导热积分方程为基础，提出了测定非金属材料导热系数、比热容和热扩散率的数学模型，给出了实现方法和步骤。并以有机玻璃和电木为例做了实例测定。测试结果表明：该方法具有测试时间短、精度高等特点，尤其是在一台装置上可同时测定材料导热系数比热容和热扩散率3个重要的热物性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that