空旷环境下小药量集中药包爆炸冲击波衰减规律

为研究炸药爆炸冲击波在空旷环境下的传播规律,采用NUBOX9100冲击波信号分析仪分别对0.1、0.2和0.3 kg的小药量集中药包进行了现场试验。试验表明:小药量集中药包爆炸冲击波在空旷环境下传播速度随爆心距衰减较快,在爆心距12 m处的冲击波传播速度衰减速率为爆心距2 m处的60%。当爆心距在1～3 m时,冲击波超压峰值的衰减速率约为75.61 kPa/m;爆心距在3～8 m时衰减速率降低到10.12 kPa/m;爆心距大于8 m时,衰减速率趋于平缓,约为0.48 kPa/m。提出了冲击波超压峰值与比例距离之间的修正公式,修正公式尤其对比例距离大于10的情况进行了修正。在比例距离较大时,修正公式比以往的经验公式更适用。运用ANSYS/LS-Dyna软件对炸药在空旷环境下爆炸冲击波超压衰减进行了模拟,结果表明修正公式的误差较小。     

装药长径比对坑道中冲击波峰值压力影响的试验

现代精确制导武器的装药呈细长化的发展趋势.为获得现代武器装药长径比对坑道中冲击波峰值压力的影响规律,共进行了11次比例模型坑道爆炸试验.模型坑道长10.0 m,由钢筋混凝土拱单元组成,单元截面积为0.67 m2;TNT炸药在坑口外爆炸,装药量范围为 1.0～4.6 kg.用压力传感器记录了坑道中的冲击波波形,由实测数据得到了不同装药长径比情况下坑道中冲击波峰值压力的分布,分析了装药长径比对坑道中冲击波峰值压力的影响规律.     

浅水域爆炸冲击波传播特性

通过浅水域炸药裸露爆炸试验,实测得到水中爆炸波典型波形及峰值压力数据,分析了水中冲击波传播特性与衰减规律;对冲击波峰值压力进行线性回归分析,给出了浅水域爆炸冲击波衰减公式;在此基础上,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行数值模拟,进一步验证并总结了部分相关结论。部分结论成果已应用于福建漳州古雷航道二期疏浚项目。     

锰铜压力传感器在水下爆炸近场压力测量中的应用

为得到柱状炸药水中爆炸冲击波在几百MPa到几个GPa峰压范围内的压力峰值分布,同时弥补其它类型传感器在上述范围内量程不足、精度不够或实验成本过高的不足,在对比距离小于0.3的范围内利用大阻值(R=50 Ω)锰铜压力传感器,测量了不同距离及装药量下的冲击波峰值压力. 结果表明,该型锰铜压力传感器测得的峰值压力与经验公式的计算结果接近,且测量精度、抗干扰能力达到设计要求,能够运用于水下爆炸近场冲击波压力几百MPa到几个GPa范围内的测量.     

几种炸药水下爆炸能量损失特性分析

针对炸药水中爆炸能量损失特性,通过水下爆炸试验,测定了TNT,RS211,RBUL,GUHL,RS3-4等水下爆炸时的超压、冲击波能、气泡能等冲击波性能参数. 对试验结果进行相似分析,得到了超压以及冲击波能的衰减规律,同时分析了装药的水下爆炸的能量输出结构及其能量损失特性. 结果表明,RS211和RS3-4具有较高冲击波超压峰值,而RBUL、GUHL衰减较为缓慢,RBUL、GUHL水下爆炸能量可到达约1.8倍TNT当量. 5 kg炸药水下爆炸时,在0～3 m处,总能量损失Δe_d呈现抛物线形式的增长;在3 m之后呈现线性增长;5 m之后为理想冲击波状态.      

炸药爆炸冲击波在巷道变点的传播规律模拟

采用ALE算法,使用ANSYS9.0数值模拟软件,选用30 kg TNT炸药为爆炸源(条形裸露药包),煤矿巷道截面积为6 m2(宽3m×高2m或宽2m×高3m),记录间隔时间At=5 ms,对爆炸冲击波通过巷道变点(夹角450)的状态和对应时刻的压力变化、冲击波压力峰值随巷道截面积和巷道轴向距离的变化及空气冲击波压力在巷道同一截面的不同位置的变化规律进行模拟.得出:爆炸冲击波在爆炸后的某一距离处以平面波的形式在直巷道内传播;随传播距离的增加冲击波压力逐渐衰减,当通过巷道转弯处时冲击波在转弯处反射叠加,在转弯的外壁面处出现加大的压力峰值,约为转弯处内侧压力的3倍.     

竖井横通道爆炸冲击波传播规律试验研究

为了研究受限空间内爆炸冲击波传播规律,在青岛地铁8号线山东路南站1号竖井横通道进行裸露药包爆炸现场试验。利用NUBOX-9100瞬态信号测量仪及配备的传感器采集0.2、0.3、0.4 kg的2号岩石乳化炸药爆炸冲击波参数,分析实测冲击波信号的波形、超压峰值,并对冲击波信号进行短时傅里叶变换。结果表明：①横通道中裸露药包爆炸时,各观测点压力先迅速升高到最大值,随后震荡衰减;②由实测数据拟合出冲击波峰值压力修正公式,与现场实测数据误差不超过12.58%,能够比较准确的预测现场冲击波超压峰值;③短时傅里叶变换结果表明,横通道内冲击波信号主频为低频,能量随着频率的升高呈现出波动下降趋势。 通过竖井横通道炸药爆炸试验,分析实测冲击波数据特征,对于研究受限空间内爆炸冲击波的传播规律具有借鉴意义。     

坑道口部爆炸冲击波压力传播规律

坑道口部是防护的重点和难点.利用显式动力学有限元软件,通过合理简化假设,对典型的等截面直墙圆拱坑道口部爆炸的冲击波波动过程进行了数值模拟,形象揭示出坑道中冲击波压力传播规律,即坑道中冲击波压力首先直线上升至最大值,随后由于坑道壁来回反射,出现了与自由大气中理想冲击波指数衰减不同的多个波峰震荡,并得到了峰值压力随距离衰减的模拟结果.再采用相似比为1/5的室外大比例模型,对0.8 kg,0.6 kg和0.4 kg 3种集团装药在坑道口部爆炸的冲击波压力传播规律进行了试验研究,由实测数据拟合出了冲击波峰值压力计算经验公式.结果表明,试验拟合公式与数值模拟及其他经验公式一致性较好,具有一定的工程使用价值.     

近场水下爆炸过程中气泡脉动与射流载荷特性研究

为了深入研究近场水下爆炸过程中产生的气泡射流现象,本文开展了小当量TNT在固支方板底部爆炸的水下爆炸试验,设计了一种阵列式壁压传感器的方法成功测得了气泡射流的载荷时程曲线.实验结果指出,固支方板底部中心处气泡脉动压力峰值与射流压力峰值相差不大,但射流压力持续时间为气泡脉动压力的21.36倍,气泡脉动压力及其持续时间随着传感器距中心位置距离的增加只是略有衰减,而射流压力及持续时间随着传感器距中心位置距离的增加衰减较快,说明射流载荷作用范围较为集中.接着通过Abaqus软件开展了从炸药起爆到气泡射流形成全过程的数值模拟工作,模拟得到的气泡演化过程和气泡射流载荷时程曲线与实验结果基本一致.最后通过数值模拟得到了近场水下爆炸气泡脉动过程中气泡射流比冲量分布规律、气泡射流形态演变规律和气泡射流头部速度变化规律.本文的工作能够为利用近场水下爆炸气泡射流对水面舰艇结构实施毁伤打击提供依据.     

两种典型形状装药的近场爆炸载荷研究

为了研究装药形状对近场爆炸载荷的影响,采用数值方法分析比较了球形和圆柱形(长径比为1)2种典型形状装药中心起爆情况下的近场爆炸载荷。结果表明:球形装药产生的爆炸载荷分布均匀,爆炸波以球面形式向各个方向传播;圆柱形装药产生的爆炸载荷存在着明显的方向性,爆炸波呈空间十字形分布,爆炸波沿装药轴向的传播速度和超压峰值大于径向;比例距离小于1.1 m/kg1/3时圆柱形装药轴向和径向爆炸载荷大于球形装药;离爆心比例距离小于2.5 m/kg1/3的区域可以视为爆炸近场,装药形状对该区域内的爆炸载荷有显著影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that