不锈钢地铁车辆设计及整车碰撞研究

针对地铁车特点进行不锈钢地铁车被动安全设计时难点之一是其端部吸能结构的耐撞性设计。本文依据地铁车体耐撞性设计理念,在车体端部结构中设计整体承载式专用吸能结构。建立头车及中间车车体有限元模型,进行编组列车的碰撞数值仿真。研究结果表明：整体承载式专用吸能结构在撞击过程中发生稳定有序的塑性变形,冲击能量的47％转化为专用吸能结构的塑性变形,表明该车的耐撞性符合设计理念。     

不锈钢地铁车辆设计及整车碰撞研究

针对地铁车特点进行不锈钢地铁车被动安全设计时难点之一是其端部吸能结构的耐撞性设计。本文依据地铁车体耐撞性设计理念,在车体端部结构中设计整体承载式专用吸能结构。建立头车及中间车车体有限元模型,进行编组列车的碰撞数值仿真。研究结果表明:整体承载式专用吸能结构在撞击过程中发生稳定有序的塑性变形,冲击能量的47%转化为专用吸能结构的塑性变形,表明该车的耐撞性符合设计理念。     

动车组被动安全防护装置分析

对一种动车组头车被动安全防护装置的组成、作用原理及其防爬能力的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:在理想(对中)的碰撞情况下,该被动安全防护装置能够通过多级吸能装置收碰撞能量,但由于实际碰撞场景的偶然性及多样性,该被动安全防护装置很难发挥作用,有可能导致爬车、脱轨等现象,今后一方面应进一步探索设计可加强车体自身抵抗横向屈曲或Z字变形能力的结构,并研制列车防脱轨装置;另一方面应在满足被动安全防护装置吸能要求的基础上对其防爬齿进行优化设计研究,探索设计参数的最佳匹配方法,尽可能提高其防爬能力。     

列车耐碰撞系统有限元和多体动力学联合仿真

研究基于有限元和多体动力学技术进行列车耐碰撞系统设计的联合仿真策略.通过非线性有限元分析获得车辆吸能部件在碰撞时的力—位移关系曲线,以该曲线模拟车辆连挂之间的非线性弹簧特性,运用多体动力学技术进行了两列车的碰撞动力学仿真.通过仿真分析碰撞中列车各车辆间的作用力、变形、速度、加速度以及各个吸能部件的能量吸收等数值,实现了对新设计列车碰撞被动安全系统总体性能的评估.与高速碰撞相比,在中低速碰撞工况下,头车与第2节车体端部连接处吸收的动能占总动能的比例更高.联合仿真能较真实地模拟列车碰撞的全过程,验证了联合仿真策略的可行性.     

高速客车轻量化车体耐碰撞结构的优化设计

提出了基于最轻量优化的高速客车车体耐碰撞结构设计策略 ,通过多层优化技术 ,满足在常规载荷工况下结构处于弹性状态 ,在碰撞载荷工况下局部预定部位发生塑性大变形 ,而客室的主体结构仍处于弹性状态 ,从而实现耐撞击车体结构轻量化设计的目标 .运用线性和非线性有限元技术以车体概念模型和高速客车实车为例进行了优化设计 ,证实了优化设计策略的可行性和有效性 .     

列车车体铝合金动态力学性能及其对吸能的影响

为了研究车用5083H111铝合金材料的动态力学性能及其对结构吸能的影响,分别对该材料进行动态冲击拉伸和动态冲击压缩试验,获得不同应变率下的材料本构关系。以车辆防爬吸能结构为载体,采用3种材料模型,对比分析该铝合金材料的动态力学性能对车体吸能结构吸能容量的影响。研究结果表明:5083H111铝合金材料在低应变率情况下存在应变率软化效应,在中低应变率范围内存在应变率软化再强化特性;在高应变率情况下,这种材料表现出明显的应变率强化效应;列车碰撞的应变率数量级范围为0~2,属于中低应变率范围;对于5083H111铝合金制成的车体吸能结构,考虑应变率效应的结构的实际吸能量要比不考虑应变率效应的相同结构的吸能量小。     

桥墩复合材料防车撞结构碰撞性能试验研究

针对桥墩车辆碰撞的问题,设计了钢夹层和蜂窝复合材料相结合的桥梁防车撞吸能结构.为研究耐撞性能进行了材料性能试验和全尺寸防撞结构的碰撞试验,试验得到最大碰撞力为547.6 kN.通过对比试验获得碰撞响应与规范设计值,得出试验结果满足碰撞条件容差要求,可用于后期的数值模型验证,为类似吸能结构的设计提供参考.钢夹层-复合材料桥梁防车撞吸能结构可以减小桥墩的局部损伤和整体破坏,从而达到保护桥墩的目的.     

非对称变形模式下薄壁组合结构耐撞性研究

基于单一薄壁金属结构具有稳定的、可控的塑性变形吸能优点及存在碰撞界面力过载缺点的现状,本文提出承载能力更高、界面力更加稳定的组合结构的设计理念,并对单层薄壁结构及双层薄壁组合结构进行有限元建模,利用非线性显示动态有限元软件LS-DYNA对其耐撞性进行分析。研究表明：在非对称变形模式下,薄壁组合结构耐撞性特性优于单层结构;对组合结构加工V型诱导槽后,其缓冲特性有较大提高,能进一步有效地控制吸能过程中的过载情况。     

非对称变形模式下薄壁组合结构耐撞性研究

基于单一薄壁金属结构具有稳定的、可控的塑性变形吸能优点及存在碰撞界面力过载缺点的现状,本文提出承载能力更高、界面力更加稳定的组合结构的设计理念,并对单层薄壁结构及双层薄壁组合结构进行有限元建模,利用非线性显示动态有限元软件LS-DYNA对其耐撞性进行分析。研究表明:在非对称变形模式下,薄壁组合结构耐撞性特性优于单层结构;对组合结构加工V型诱导槽后,其缓冲特性有较大提高,能进一步有效地控制吸能过程中的过载情况。     

八边形逐级吸能梁的设计与优化

研究了一种八边形截面逐级吸能梁结构的设计与优化方法.建立了八边形逐级吸能梁的有限元模型,通过台车试验验证了模型的有效性.采用均匀试验设计方法制订并进行了一系列不同壁厚的八边形逐级吸能梁碰撞仿真,利用仿真结果建立八边形逐级吸能梁的耐撞性回归方程,并进行了回归分析.利用遗传算法,以八边形逐级吸能梁壁厚为变量,对该吸能梁耐撞性进行多目标优化设计,获得一组耐撞性较好的八边形逐级吸能梁设计方案,并将优化方案用于车架耐撞性改进.仿真及试验结果表明,该八边形逐级吸能结构变形吸能均匀,能够更好地达到碰撞安全性要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with