微乳液法制备CdSe/CdS核壳纳米粒子及表征

研究了SDS/异戊醇/环己烷/水所组成的四元微乳体系,并将该体系用于CdSe及CdSe/CdS(核壳结构)纳米粒子的制备.在反应过程中以紫外可见吸收光谱考察了不同反应条件下粒子的成核与生长情况.实验得到的CdSe微乳液非常稳定,室温下放置数月仍未见有沉淀生成.使用荧光分光光度计和高分辨透射电镜对粒子进行表征,所得CdSe/CdS纳米粒子粒径为5 nm左右,粒径均一且具有较高的荧光强度.     

用微乳液法制备均分散碳酸锶粒子

微乳液是均匀分散的乳状液，利用这种性质便于制备均分散体系。本研究利用非离子型表面活性剂所组成的微乳液，通过各种锶盐，经过各种条件试验，得到纺锤形的碳酸锶均分散粒子。为制备的均分散粒子提供了一种新的方法。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯可聚合微乳液体系的研究

分别采用电导率仪、粘度计和折射仪测定了不同类型微乳液的结构变化.结果表明,在固定甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸(AA)混合单体量的情况下,随着水相含量的增加,体系的电导率、粘度和折射率发生明显变化,体系由反相微乳液经双连续型微乳液逐渐转变为正相微乳液.对微乳液的粒度分析表明,油相含量较低时,正相微乳液体系中的液滴可视作溶胀胶束;在反相微乳液中,随着十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液含量的增加,水相液滴粒径明显增大;在MMA/AA/H2O无皂反相微乳液体系中,微乳液的粒子比有皂体系的大.最后,微乳液聚合表明过硫酸钾能够稳定引发正相微乳液聚合,同时Mn3+也可用于引发正相微乳液聚合.     

扩散波谱技术研究离子液体微乳液[Bmim]BF4/Tween-20/二甲苯的流变性

为研究离子液体微乳液体系[Bmim]BF_4/Tween-20/二甲苯的流变性,采用DWS技术,以TiO_2为示踪粒子,通过测定自相关函数(g_2-1)与弛豫时间的关系,得到了示踪粒子的均方位移(Δr~2)以及微乳液体系的储能模量G′、损耗模量G″和复合模量G~*,同时结合旋转粘度计测量结果对微乳液流变行为进行了探讨。DWS结果表明:示踪粒子均方位移Δr~2与弛豫时间τ具有线性关系,随着二甲苯质量百分数的增加,均方位移增大,二者幂律关系为Δr~2～τ~(0.87～0.91),表明示踪粒子在微乳液体系中具有亚扩散行为;微乳液体系的G″G′,G″与角频率ω的幂律关系为G″～ω~(0.86～0.93)。旋转粘度计结果表明:微乳液体系具有轻微的剪切变稀行为。DWS和旋转粘度计测定结果均表明离子液体微乳液为黏性近牛顿流体。     

W/O型微乳液法制备纳米微粒研究进展

概述了微乳液的组成、结构以及制备方法,介绍了W/O型微乳液制备纳米粒子的机理、影响因素及应用进展,对微乳液在纳米粒子制备中的应用前景作了展望。     

CTAB反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响因素

研究温度、pH值和盐浓度对CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)/正丁醇/正辛烷/水(或钨酸钠溶液)反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响,并绘制了该反相微乳体系的拟三元相图.实验结果表明:表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的配比对该微乳液的稳定性有显著影响,当CTAB与正丁醇质量比为2: 3时,体系有较大的反相微乳液稳定区;该微乳液体系对温度变化不敏感;pH值为1～7范围内时,该体系具有较好的pH值稳定性;钨酸钠溶液浓度在0.05～0.08 g/mL时,盐浓度对整个微乳区影响不大.结果表明:该反相微乳液体系可作为微型反应器用于纳米粒子的制备.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚合的研究

在70℃,以过硫酸钾(KPS)和亚硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系作为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)进行微乳液共聚合,成功制得了固含量为35％、平均粒径在45nm左右的蓝色半透明微乳液．进一步考察了引发剂及乳化剂用量对微乳液粒子粒径的影响;深入研究了微乳液的粒子形态、粒径大小及其分布和微乳液流变性能．     

液相还原法制备高纯度微纳米银粉的研究

以硝酸银为原料,抗坏血酸为还原剂,聚乙二醇为分散剂及乳化剂,采用液相还原法直接制备得到平均粒径为100nm左右的颗粒状微纳米银粉,产物纯度高达100%。使用能谱、XRD等测试方法对所得微纳米银粉进行表征,探讨了在微纳米银粉制备过程中各因素对产物的影响。结果表明,在反应条件AgNO3浓度为0.1mol/L,抗坏血酸浓度为0.1mol/L,反应温度为30℃,搅拌速度为500r/min时,采用本方法直接制备微纳米银粉得到的产物纯度高达100%,且分散性良好。     

水性丙烯酸树脂/银导电油墨的制备及表征

采用液相化学还原法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）、硝酸银（AgNO₃）及水合肼（N₂H₄·H₂O）制备银纳米粒子;以丙烯酸树脂/丙烯酸乳液为粘接料,将纳米银粉加入并辅以其他填料,制备水性导电油墨;最后将导电油墨涂覆在聚对苯二甲酸类（PET）薄膜表面成型。对银纳米粒子和油墨进行了X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM等表征,研究了纳米银粉的添加量和热处理温度等对油墨导电性能和界面结合力的影响,结果表明：当纳米银粉质量分数为64.0%,热处理温度为150℃时,薄膜表面电阻达到0.9Ω/□,导电油墨与聚对苯二甲酸类（PET）基体的附着力达到美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）5B级,并具有良好的耐湿和耐温性。     

HPMA对丙烯酸酯乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉性能的影响

通过添加甲基丙烯酸-β-羟丙酯(HPMA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA),制备了软核硬壳的丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉,讨论了HPMA用量对乳液和乳胶粉的成膜性、再分散稳定性和耐水性等性能的影响.实验结果表明,HPMA添加量(质量分数,下同)为1.2%时,在保证再分散稳定性的同时得到的丙烯酸酯原乳液及可再分散乳胶粉的成膜性好,耐水性最优;吸光度测试显示HPMA添加量小于等于1.2%时,乳胶粉再分散稳定性好,分散度达90%,吸光度平均变化小于10%;差示扫描量热(DSC)测试显示丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液胶膜有6.98和30.11℃两个玻璃化转变温度,乳胶粒子具有两相结构;透射电镜测试表明合成的乳液粒子有核壳结构;扫描电镜测试显示原乳液和乳胶粉成膜性能优异,合成的原乳液在成膜过程中发生了微相分离,进一步说明了合成的乳液具有核壳结构.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with