在线黑度测量的研究

提出了一种新的在线黑度测量的原理及方法。应用该方法在线测量了中厚钢板、轧辊和钢坯等表面全发射率(黑度)。该法需要两台前置反射器辐射温度计,一台带反射器,另一台带吸收器。根据两台仪表的读数可以建立两个电压信号方程式,解这两个方程便可求得温度和黑度的值。当被测表面温度为400℃以上,黑度为0.6以上时,系统误差可在5％以内。     

三波长辐射测温法及仪表的研究

本文介绍的三波长辐射测温法是以普朗克公式和电动力学中Hagen-Rubens公式为理论基础的非接触测温方法。主要解决被测对象表面发射率很低或不确定时的辐射测温问题。文章着重介绍了仪表的工作原理和结构,分析了仪表的精度、灵敏度和刻度方法。最后给出了实验结果,对理论分析予以验证。     

辐射测温区域的界定分析

文章讨论了谱色测温系统研究中,基于测温坐标系的辐射测温区域的界定问题。以线性发射率模型以及改进的单调发射率模型为基础,通过测温坐标系标尺的考察,分析了不同光谱发射率模型下的辐射测温坐标系所限定的辐射测温有效区域的规律特征;以实际应用中特定的谱色测温仪器为例,给出该仪器适用的辐射测温的理论区域,并用黑体实验进行了验证。     

中间包钢水连续测温的新方法

基于在线黑体空腔理论,提出了一种新型的钢水连续测温方法·针对在线黑体空腔不满足基尔霍夫理想黑体物理模型,具有"非密闭"和"不等温"的辐射特性,建立了在线黑体空腔有效发射率、积分发射率的计算模型,并应用于中间包钢水连续测温系统中·实践表明,该方法具有较高性能价格比,测量误差≤±3℃,测温管寿命可达20～40h,测温成本与现行的快速热电偶实际消耗相当或略低,同时低于铂铑热电偶连续测温,是取代现行钢水间断式测温的较好方法·     

前置反射器比色高温计的研究

研究了一种改进的比色高温计测量表面温度,测量范围为600~1200℃.将半球型镀金反射器置于比色高温计上,利用多次反射效应,可缩小两个接收波长的有效发射率之间的差异,从而减小比色高温计误差.研究了反射器对焦情况下的辐射特性,推导出有效发射率的表达式.为避免反射器对被测面温度场的破坏,设计了一套快速测量装置,每次测量需时0.7s.为验证其准确性,制作了平片热电偶,直接测量平片热电偶的表面温度.结果显示,与平片热电偶相比,测量误差小于1.1℃.     

氧化层厚度对铸坯表面偏振角发射率的影响

发射率是铸坯表面温度测量精度的一个重要影响因素,在连铸表面测温现场应用过程中氧化层又是影响发射率的主要因素,根据波传播理论建立了铸坯表面辐射的多层模型,研究铸坯氧化层厚度变化对其发射率的影响.推导了铸坯表面偏振角发射率的递推公式,根据文献资料确定各层物理参数,通过计算结果发现,铸坯在水平偏振方向上的角发射率在60°~80°之间明显增强;当氧化层增厚到一定程度后,发射率逐渐稳定.这两个结论为设计现场表面测温装置提供重要的理论依据.     

光导纤维多色辐射测温原理探讨

多色测温仪是近年来国内外进行了较多研究的课题之一,它对于削弱表面辐射系数对测温精度的影响有较好的效果。 本文设计了一种多色辐射测温仪。运用经典的普朗克公式,由表面黑度系数的幂级数形式,从理论上推导了多色辐射测温公式。并讨论了这个公式对于克服黑度系数影响的作用以及它的测温误差。 多色测温仪设计中采用光导纤维光学系统,实现了被测辐射信号的传输及对四个光电元件的分叉耦合。利用单板计算机进行回色信号处理。仪表经黑体炉标定,并针对不同金属耙面,研究了四色温度与比色温度的误差。 仪表经计量部门标定及实验室试验,认为多色测温技术是消弱表面黑度系数对测温精度影响的有效方法之一。     

镁合金比色测温系统误差分析及修正

利用热电偶对镁合金燃点温度进行测量具有响应速度不够快、破坏被测目标温度场和精确度低等缺点,针对这些弊端,设计了基于比色法的镁合金燃点温度测试系统,提出根据镁合金在起燃前后引起的辐射能量变化的拐点来定位燃点的测试原理。首先,设计了发射率测试实验,以电流加热法缓慢加热镁合金,将高速工业级光纤红外线变送器OS4000与C型热电偶的测温值作比求镁合金发射率,提出以较接近被测镁合金燃点温度的发射率来修正OS4000的燃点测试结果;然后利用比色法燃点温度测试系统和OS4000同时测量燃点,两者误差在2.67%;最后,为了提高测温精确度,对燃点温度下双波长的发射率比值修正,结果表明,修正后测温误差下降至0.76%。     

谱色测温原理

对于具有连续辐射性质的被测量物体, 在测量窗口所选定波长的某个波段内应用Taylor公式展开发射率函数, 只要波段选择恰当, 可以得到线性表征的发射率, 结合运用三基色原理提供的三光谱响应概念, 便可建立具有数学求解封闭条件的谱色测温原理. 引入无量纲波长, 对测量数据进行归一化谱色处理, 即可发现, 在谱色坐标中存在着辐射测温坐标系.     

一种辐射测温的简便线性化方法

本文提出辐射测温的一种简单线性化公式。该方法将信号电压直接作对数运算,便于数字式温度显示或其它线性仪表指示。计算机模拟表明,在常用的红外测温波段和温度量程范围内可获得较好的精度,适合于模拟电路结构的辐射温度计使用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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