Bioeffects of different functionalized silica nanoparticles on HaCaT cell line

With the fast development of nanotechnology, all kinds of nanomaterials came forth and got to be widelyapplied because of their unique properties[1―3]. At the same time, the bioeffects from nanomaterials were universally paid attention to because people …     

水解法制备SnO_2纳米材料及作为锂离子电池负极的性能研究

分别使用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为表面活性剂以及十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为双表面活性剂,采用水解法制备出SnO_2纳米材料,并研究了SnO_2纳米材料的形貌和作为锂离子电池负极时的电化学性能之间的关系.结果表明,所制备的SnO_2纳米颗粒均为球形,大小为45~75 nm,在双表面活性剂的调控下所制备的SnO_2纳米材料体积较大.所制备的SnO_2纳米颗粒均为具有金红石结构的锡石型,属于四方晶系.恒电流充放电循环测试结果表明,SnO_2纳米颗粒具有较高的放电比容量,首次放电比容量大约为1400~1600 m Ah/g,但是循环稳定性较差,循环5次以后样品的放电比容量衰减至400~700 m Ah/g.总之,双表面活性剂调控下,7h煅烧制备得到的SnO_2纳米材料相对较好,具有相对较大的比容量和相对较小的阻抗.     

纳米颗粒球形度对平板通道中Al2O3-水纳米流体强制对流换热的影响

数值研究了水中添加立方体形、球形或柱状Al2O3纳米颗粒的纳米流体在平板通道中的层流强制对流换热,分析了纳米颗粒球形度、纳米颗粒体积分数和雷诺数对平板通道中Al2O3-水纳米流体强制对流换热的影响.结果表明:当纳米颗粒体积分数和雷诺数一定时,随着纳米颗粒球形度减小,通道壁面平均努赛尔数增大,对流换热增强;当纳米颗粒球形...     

TiO2纳米颗粒胶体活化系统设计及流场仿真分析

紫外光(UV)诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工可实现硬脆晶体材料亚纳米级超光滑表面的加工,根据其材料去除原理可知,伴随抛光过程的进行,胶体中TiO₂纳米颗粒表面会吸附一层工件表面的被去除原子,从而影响TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体的活性和光催化性.为了实现TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体的循环使用,基于O₃/UV高级氧化法对使用后的TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体再活化机理进行了研究,同时结合紫外光诱导纳米颗粒胶体射流加工系统设计了TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体活化系统,对系统内的再活化反应室结构进行了流体动力学仿真,仿真结果表明其结构设计满足TiO₂纳米颗粒胶体的活化要求.     

Dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic conditions

Metal nanoparticles are effective for remediation of contamination with a range of compounds including chlorinated organics.However,the sorption process of the passivation oxide layers on the metal nanoparticle surfaces may result in incomplete degradation of contaminants.This phenomenon can be prevented by an acidic washing procedure or reaction in an acidic medium.In this paper,nickel nanoparticles manufactured via the carbonyl powder process were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The sorption and degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions was then investigated.Transmission electron microscopy and XRD results showed that the nickel nanoparticles range in size from 10 to 20 nm,and a thin passivation layer of NiO is present on the surface.This oxide layer can be removed by pretreatment washing with acidic solutions.It was indicated that dechlorination was the key reaction pathway for degradation of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions.The main degradation products were 4-Chlorophenol,2-Chlorophenol,and Phenol,and among these,Phenol was dominant.The acidic medium promoted degradation by providing an appropriate pH,and H+ may be involved in the reaction.Dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic condition follows the second order kinetic model,and the rate constants at 298,306,316 K are 0.02,0.2 and 0.3 (g L h)-1,respectively.     

纳米颗粒表面修饰对纳米流体粘度的影响

纳米流体的黏度受流体温度、纳米颗粒粒径、纳米颗粒浓度等多方面的影响。在前人的研究中,黏度随流体温度的增加而减小,随纳米颗粒粒径的增加而减小,随纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增大,但黏度随纳米颗粒浓度的增大程度不同。通过总结大量不同情况下纳米流体的黏度数据,分析纳米流体黏度随纳米颗粒浓度的增加与纳米颗粒表面性质的关系。分析结果表明:纳米颗粒的添加增加基础流体的黏度;且亲水型纳米颗粒比疏水型纳米颗粒与水形成的纳米流体的黏度高。通过对纳米颗粒表面性质的修饰,可以控制纳米流体黏度的变化,从而影响流体输送过程中的能耗。     

银纳米颗粒溶胶表面增强红外基底对低浓度福美双农药的快速检测

采用水热法制备了一种银纳米颗粒溶胶,通过乙醇洗涤后得到银纳米颗粒表面增强红外基底,用于检测低浓度福美双农药。结果表明,该增强基底可检测低至10^-7mol/L的福美双农药,且不同浓度下福美双溶液的表面增强红外光谱强度呈现良好的线性关系,该基底对福美双分子的红外光谱增强能力高达150倍。银纳米颗粒的富集作用、电荷转移机制和电磁增强机制的共同作用使福美双的红外光谱得到显著增强。     

二氧化钛包裹竹红菌素纳米粒的制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成二氧化钛包裹竹红菌素纳米粒,并利用透射电镜和粒度分析仪对其形貌和粒子大小进行测定,证明粒子呈球形,平均直径在100 nm左右;采用紫外和荧光光谱研究二氧化钛包裹竹红菌素纳米粒的光谱性质,并与未包裹的竹红菌素在水溶液中的光谱性质进行了比较,结果表明,竹红菌素被成功地包裹于二氧化钛纳米粒中;包裹后竹红菌素的光谱吸收峰红移,强度增加.由此,将有利于竹红菌素在光动力疗法中的应用.     

纳米谷氨酸壳聚糖制备及其体外质粒转染研究

采用表面修饰方法制备出谷氨酸修饰的壳聚糖纳米基因载体。对样品进行红外分析、粒度分析、zeta电位分析、生物相容性、凝胶阻滞分析、DNA保护性试验、体外细胞转染研究。结果显示所制得的谷氨酸修饰的壳聚糖纳米颗粒平均粒径为170nm,其zeta电位为 4.7mV。红外分析显示谷氨酸已通过酰胺键结合在壳聚糖上。MTT实验结果显示纳米颗粒与细胞有良好的生物相容性。凝胶阻滞分析和DNA保护试验结果表明纳米载体可与DNA通过电性结合作用而结合,并可以有效保护DNA,防止核酸酶对其的降解作用。而体外细胞转染的结果表明,谷氨酸修饰的纳米粒能介导pEGFP-N1质粒转染HepG2细胞并在细胞中表达绿色荧光蛋白。因此,谷氨酸修饰的壳聚糖纳米颗粒可作为一种新型非病毒基因载体介导核酸类生物大分子进入细胞内。     

Water-driven structure transformation in nanoparticles at room temperature

The thermodynamic behaviour of small particles differs from that of the bulk material by the free energy term gammaA--the product of the surface (or interfacial) free energy and the surface (or interfacial) area. When the surfaces of polymorphs of the same material possess different interfacial free energies, a change in phase stability can occur with decreasing particle size. Here we describe a nanoparticle system that undergoes structural changes in response to changes in the surface environment rather than particle size. ZnS nanoparticles (average diameter 3 nm) were synthesized in methanol and found to exhibit a reversible structural transformation accompanying methanol desorption, indicating that the particles readily adopt minimum energy structural configurations. The binding of water to the as-formed particles at room temperature leads to a dramatic structural modification, significantly reducing distortions of the surface and interior to generate a structure close to that of sphalerite (tetrahedrally coordinated cubic ZnS). These findings suggest a route for post-synthesis control of nanoparticle structure and the potential use of the nanoparticle structural state as an environmental sensor. Furthermore, the results imply that the structure and reactivity of nanoparticles at planetary surfaces, in interplanetary dust and in the biosphere, will depend on both particle size and the nature of the surrounding molecules.     

埋嵌在超薄Al_2O_3薄膜中的Ni纳米颗粒在生长过程中的应变场分布

对于埋嵌在介电材料中的纳米颗粒,在其生长过程中总是不可避免的伴随着应变场的产生,而这种应变场会的分布对纳米颗粒的物理性能产生重要的影响.在本文中用脉冲激光沉积技术和快速退火成功地制备了埋嵌在超薄Al2O3薄膜中的Ni纳米颗粒.利用高分辨透射电子显微镜观察到立方形Ni纳米颗粒埋嵌在超薄Al2O3薄膜中.用有限元算法系统地模拟了Ni纳米颗粒生长过程中的应变场分布,研究工作发现,随着Ni纳米颗粒的生长,Ni纳米颗粒受到了非均匀偏应变作用逐渐增强,而且变得越来越不均匀,这种非均匀的偏应变作用对于纳米颗粒的微观结构有很大的影响.可以通过调节Ni纳米颗粒生长过程中的应变场来实现对Ni纳米颗粒界面态的调控,从而进一步优化Ni纳米颗粒的物理性能.系统地研究磁性Ni纳米材料的应变场分布,对有效的调控其物理化学性能有着非常重大的意义.     

In vitro biological effects of magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for a wide use in various biomedical applications due to their unusual properties. It is critical for many applications that the biological effects of nanoparticles are studied in depth. To date, many disparate results can be found in the literature regarding nanoparticle-biological factors interactions. This review highlights recent developments in this field with particular focuses on in vitro MNPs-cell interactions. The effect of MNPs properties on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity evaluation of MNPs were discussed. Some employed methods are also included. Moreover, nanoparticle-cell interactions are mediated by the presence of proteins absorbed from biological fluids on the nanoparticle. Many questions remain on the effect of nanoparticle surface (in addition to nanoparticle size) on protein adsorption. We review papers related to this point too.     

利用脉冲激光沉积技术制备镍纳米颗粒及其生长过程中的应变场模拟

利用脉冲激光沉积技术和快速退火成功地制备了镶嵌在非晶Al2O3薄膜中的Ni纳米颗粒,用高分辨率透射电子显微镜观察到镶嵌在非晶Al2O3薄膜中的Ni纳米颗粒,用有限元算法系统地模拟了Ni纳米颗粒生长过程中的应变场分布.研究发现:在Ni纳米颗粒的生长过程中,纳米颗粒受到母体A12O3材料的非均匀的偏应变的作用,而且随着Ni纳米颗粒的长大,纳米颗粒受到母体Al2O3材料的非均匀偏应变也逐渐增加.这种非均匀偏应变对于纳米颗粒的晶格结构和形貌有较大的影响,可以通过调节Ni纳米颗粒生长过程中的应变场来实现对Ni纳米颗粒界面态的调控,从而进一步优化Ni纳米颗粒的物理性能.     

Enhancement of the efficiency of PEI/liposome transfection by magnetofectins formed via electrostatic self-assembly

One of the major challenges for successful gene therapy is improving the transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been developed as enhancers of non-viral vehicles. We prepared MNPs and modified them with polyethyleneimine (PEI), citric acid (CA) or carboxylmethyl-dextran (CMD). Both positively charged MNPs (MNPs@PEI) and negatively charged MNPs (MNPs@CA, MNPs@CMD) could spontaneously form transfection complexes (magnetofectins) with plasmid DNA and PEI/liposome via electrostatic self-assembly. Our results showed as-prepared magnetofectins apparently enhanced PEI/liposome transfection efficiency and/or gene expression level into COS-7 cells with reduced transfection time from 4 h to 15 min under a magnetic field in vitro. Meanwhile, the effect of magnetofection was cell line-dependant. These results suggest that charged MNPs could improve transfection efficiency for non-viral vectors by simply mixing with them and by exerting a magnetic force. Thus such MNPs provide a convenient platform for further applications of gene delivery.     

微乳法制备的纳米Bi2[KG-*2]O3[KG-*4]对苯系物光催化活性

采用微乳法制备了Bi₂O₃纳米粒子， 利用BET, XRD, XPS和UV-V IS等手段对其表征； 以挥发性有机物苯、 甲苯和对二甲苯为气相污染物， 测定了Bi₂O₃纳米微粒 对它们的光化学催化氧化活性. 结果表明： 采用微乳法合成的光催化剂粒子晶型主要为四方型（T）, 粒子粒径为25.6～35.1 nm， 随着焙烧温度的升高晶型发生转变， 固体表面电子结合能增大， 光催化活性也相应提 高. 苯系物的降解速率顺序为： 对二甲苯>甲苯>苯.     

气-液界面处疏水碳酸钙纳米颗粒的分布行为及其对传质过程影响的研究

在纳米碳酸钙原位改性、碳酸钙基润滑油清净剂制备等过程中,疏水碳酸钙纳米颗粒易富集在气-液界面处并对气-液传质过程造成影响。为揭示疏水碳酸钙纳米颗粒的分布行为,并量化其对传质过程的影响程度,提出利用探索界面处颗粒层流变行为的方法来确定疏水性碳酸钙纳米颗粒在气-液界面上的吸附量,并预测其对传质过程的影响。一方面,通过对界面处疏水碳酸钙颗粒层进行流变测量,量化不同疏水性颗粒加入条件下界面处的表面压力;另一方面,利用膜分散微反应器进行Ca（OH）₂溶液-CaCO₃疏水颗粒体系吸收CO₂的传质行为研究。研究结果表明,碳酸钙纳米颗粒的疏水性和颗粒表面浓度会直接影响颗粒的分布状态,进而改变界面处的表面压力,最终导致传质效率出现差异。当颗粒达到临界浓度、颗粒层呈现不可压缩的流变状态时,气-液传质系数会降低约一个数量级（从10^-3 m/s到10^-4 m/s）。此外,还进一步提出了气-液界面处表面压力与液相中碳酸钙纳米颗粒疏水性和表面浓度关系的计算式,进而确定了气-液体系原位合成改性碳酸钙纳米颗粒的适宜操作范围。     

纳米硒的界面化学作用

纳米硒的化学和生物学特性源于其界面特性,纳米硒与表面修饰剂之间的界面结构、界面电子结构和电子传递能力以及表面修饰的纳米硒与外部离子、分子和其他个体之间的界面化学反应与纳米硒在材料和生物学中的神奇作用密切相关.开展纳米硒界面化学研究有可能在分子水平上揭示纳米硒的生物活性和生物矿化作用的机制.     

基于壳聚糖纳米颗粒的基因枪法转化洋葱细胞研究

以交联法制备壳聚糖纳米颗粒,用透射电子显微镜和Zeta电位仪对壳聚糖纳米颗粒进行表征,发现颗粒呈球形,粒径约为50rim,微球表面光滑、球形团整、颗粒比较均匀、分散性好,电位约为11．1mv;琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,壳聚糖纳米颗粒能有效地结合质粒DNA,并能保护所结合的DNA防止DNaseⅠ的酶切;将含GFP基因的壳聚糖纳米颗粒复合物使用基因枪转化洋葱表皮细胞,在倒置荧光显微镜下观察,发现细胞表达了绿色荧光蛋白,表达效率为8％．     

糖类添加剂对纳米碳酸钙形貌的影响

借助于液相碳化法制备了不同结构的纳米碳酸钙颗粒,利用TEM和XRD等方法研究了不同分子结构糖类添加剂对碳酸钙颗粒形态和结构的影响。研究发现直链结构糖类影响纳米碳酸钙的成核,碳化生成立方结构的纳米碳酸钙颗粒;环状结构多糖对纳米碳酸钙的成核和生长均产生影响,碳化生成球状、片状、针状、纺锤状、立方形等多种不同结构的纳米碳酸钙颗粒。     

一种靶向磁性纳米药物载体的制备与表征

以N,N'-双(丙烯酰)胱胺为交联剂,与盐酸多巴胺和甲氧基聚乙二醇胺,叶酸聚乙二醇胺,盐酸阿霉素为原料,运用迈克加成反应合成了载药聚合物.磁性纳米粒子通过配位体交换制备了磁性纳米药物载体.使用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR),红外吸收光谱(FTIR),动态光散射仪(DLS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等一系列检测对磁性纳米药物载体的结构和形貌进行了表征,结果表明成功制备了磁性纳米载药系统.