无机膜处理含油废水

采用自制膜分离器研究了自制陶瓷膜的乳化油分离特性,考察了膜内外压着、料液流速和料液浓度等因素对乳化油渗透通量和膜截留率的影响规律。结果表明,陶瓷膜具有较佳的分离效率,渗透率为０．１１＊１０＾－４－１．１＊１０＾－４ｍ＾３／（ｍ＾２．ｓ）,截留率达９５％以上,无机超滤膜的可清洗性能优于有机超滤膜,膜性能可能过清洗来提高。     

谷氨酸生物传感器的研制

采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋法及海藻酸钙凝胶包埋与戊二醛化学交联相结合的固定化方法，制备了固定化谷氨酸脱羧酶膜，与ＣＯ２气敏电极偶联制成谷氨酸生物传感器。经测试，对谷氨酸的线性响应范围为（１．０×１０（－２）～２．０×１０（－４））ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，斜率为５５．７ｍＶ，检测下限为２．３×１０（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，稳态响应时间为（９～１５）ｍｉｎ。用包埋与交联相结合制得的传感器，其稳定性优于仅用包埋法制得的传感器。     

稀土离子的跨膜内流及Verapamil影响的研究

用放射性核素＾１４１Ｃｅ作示踪剂,通过对稀土Ｃｅ＾３＋在大鼠主动脉上的跨膜内流的研究表明,去甲肾上腺素（１．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＫＣｌ（１００ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）都要引起Ｃｅ＾３＋跨膜内流量的增加,并以ＫＣｌ（１００ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）引起的增加量较多,钙拮抗剂Ｖｅａｐａｍｉｌ（１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对去甲肾上腺素（１．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＫＣｌ（１００ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）引起的Ｃｅ＾３＋跨膜内流无明显的阻滞作用。     

悬浮填料控制MBR膜污染效能研究

以聚丙烯无纺布为膜组件,向浸渍式膜生物反应器中投加软质多孔、悬浮填料处理人工废水。分析测定膜污染阻力（Rf）、滤饼层阻力（Rc）、膜通量（FLUX）、跨膜压力（TMP）及处理水浊度和CODCr的变化,研究软质悬浮填料控制膜生物反应器膜污染的效能。实验结果表明,投加软质悬浮填料能有效降低膜污染阻力、滤饼层阻力和跨膜压力,增加膜通量,有利于延缓膜污染,提高膜组件的过滤性能;MBR中投加软质悬浮填料能提高CODCr的生物去除效率,但是降低了膜组件对微小悬浮固体的截留效能,增加了出水浊度和CODCr浓度。     

荧光黄／酞菁超薄薄膜的电致发光特性

用荧光黄作发光层，以酞菁铜作空穴传输层，构成了三种结构类型的电致发光器件：ＩＴＯ（铟－锡氧化物）／荧光黄／铝，ＩＴＯ／酞菁酮（蒸涂膜）／荧光黄／铝及ＩＴＯ／酞菁酮（ＬＢ膜）荧光黄／铝。比较了酞菁铜蒸涂膜及其Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｂｌｏｄｇｅｔｔ（ＬＢ）膜的电传输特点，并对器件的电光特性进行了讨论。     

用聚砜和磺化聚砜超滤膜处理含油污水的研究

在实验室中自行合成磺化聚砜（ＳＰＳ），刮制成板式、管式超滤膜，进行处理含油污水的实验室小试及现场中试，并与聚砜（ＰＳ）超滤膜对比．自制ＳＰＳ超滤膜的透水速度随离子交换当量（ＩＥＣ）的增大而增大．选用ＩＥＣ值在０．１～０．２ｍｏｌ／ｇ的ＳＰＳ作为膜材料．在处理含石油类（１０～８０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的含油污水时，与ＰＳ膜对比，ＳＰＳ膜的通量下降率较小，能维持较高的水通量；二者的截留率都在９０％以上，透过液中含油量、悬浮物、细菌等都基本达到国家排放标准及油田回注水水质标准．因此，从膜性能角度考虑，以ＳＰＳ膜代替ＰＳ膜在一定条件下能维持较高通量，有一定的优越性．     

新型复合分离膜的构效关系研究

采用溶胶-凝胶原位共混法制备含不同量TiO2溶胶的聚偏氟乙烯／TiO2杂化膜,并借助X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT—IR）、力学性能、水通量、牛血清蛋白截留率等对膜的结构和性能进行表征,与聚偏二氟乙烯膜相比混合膜在特点方面有了一些改善。     

超滤浓缩担子菌发酵液聚合物的研究

利用中空纤维超滤器对灵芝发酵液中聚合物的浓缩进行了较系统的研究,并推导出该超滤器放大的适宜计算公式．结果表明：截留分子量１００００ｄ的聚砜不对称膜是适于超滤浓缩灵芝发酵液的超滤膜．适宜的超滤条件为操作压力０．２ＭＰａ,料液温度２０～３０℃,循环速度０．２２ｍ／ｓ;在此条件下超滤２００ｍｉｎ,通量及截留率分别稳定在９．１Ｌ／（ｍ２ｈ）和９６％左右,发酵液聚合物浓缩５倍以上,其收率达９２．６％．     

芝麻下胚轴愈伤组织的形成和器官发生

本文研究了五种植物激素对芝麻下胚轴愈伤组织的形成和器官发生的影响．研究表明：（１）２．４－Ｄ或ＮＡＡ（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋ＢＡ或ＫＴ（０．ｓｍｇ／Ｌ），２．４－Ｄ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）和ＮＡＡ（０５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）对愈伤组织的诱导率最高；（２）ＢＡ或ＫＴ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）可促进下胚轴芽丛的形成（３）ＮＡＡ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＩＡＡ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）和ＫＴ（０．５－１ｍｇ／Ｌ）对下胚轴根的形成最有利．     

小鼠左右生殖器官生育机能的差异

本实验观察了怀孕１０天以上的封闭群ＫＭ母鼠，近交系Ｃ＿（５７）ＢＬ／６ｊ母鼠，近交系ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ母鼠，杂交（ＤＢＡ／２×ＬＣＥＢ）Ｆ＿１母鼠和杂交（Ｃ＿（５７）ＢＬ／６ｊ×ＬＣＥＢ）Ｆ＿１母鼠的卵巢上黄体数和子宫内的胚胎数。在五组实验中观察结果（见表１，２）。在近交系方面，Ｃ＿（５７）ＢＬ／６ｊ实验组出现左右两边生殖器官的生育机能差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），在其他实验组中，左右两边生殖器官的生育机能差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。由于它们的遗传背景不同，在各自的繁殖基因控制下，可以出现这些遗传多态现象。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-