循环血miR-21-3p作为脓毒症心肌病的标记物

已有研究发现微小RNA(microRNAs, miRNAs) 可由细胞分泌并释放进入循环系统, 在血清、血浆、尿液和其他体液中稳定存在, 并可作为非损伤性生物标记物对多种疾病进行早期诊断、鉴别分期、预后判断和疗效监测等. 与健康对照者相比, miR-21-3p 在22 例脓毒症心衰患者血浆中显著升高. 通过绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线, 并分析其与临床参数的相关性发现, miR-21-3p 在鉴别脓毒症心衰和健康人群时, 曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)为0.949. 相关性分析结果显示, 血浆miR-21-3p水平与B 型脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide, BNP)(r = 0.968, P < 0.001)、心肌肌钙蛋白T (cardiac troponin T, cTNT)(r = 0.257, P = 0.002)水平呈正相关. 因此, 外周血中的miR-21-3p有作为脓毒症心肌病的生物标记物的潜力.     

血清miR-25、miR-223和miR-373作为食管鳞癌生物标志物的评价

为了探讨血清miRNA作为诊断标志物的可行性,利用茎环引物进行qRT-PCR,检测了miR-25、miR-223和miR-373在正常人血清、食管鳞癌患者术前和术后第7 d血清、癌组织和癌旁组织的相对表达量.实验结果表明:术前食管鳞癌病人的3种血清miRNA相对表达量高于正常人和手术后第7 d病人,AUC分别为0.794、0.839和0.873,癌组织的这3种miRNA相对表达量高于癌旁组织.这3种miRNA在食管癌患者癌组织的高表达导致血清的这3种miRNA含量增高,因此这3种血清miRNA可以作为候选诊断标志物.     

Breast cancer-specific serum peptide profiles

Early detection of breast cancer is paramount to successful clinical therapy. Yet, early-stage breast cancer lacks specific symptoms or biomarkers. With the emerging of the mass spectrometric (MS)–based signatures as biomarkers, we investigated breast cancer-related serum profile pattern through class prediction and independent validation, and used Fourier transfer MS to identify breast cancer signature. We now show a distinctive serum peptide pattern that discriminates breast cancer from healthy controls with 93.2% sensitivity and 95.4% specificity. m/z 5901.70 and 4465.74 of ion fragment of FPA and alpha1-antichymotrypsin are found in the signatures that predominantly discriminate breast cancer from healthy individuals. These novel findings identify an MS-based serum peptide pattern of breast cancer that may have direct clinical utility in future. Contributed equally to this work Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30321003) and National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB518800)     

A recurrent mutation in PALB2 in Finnish cancer families

BRCA1, BRCA2 and other known susceptibility genes account for less than half of the detectable hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. Other relevant genes therefore remain to be discovered. Recently a new BRCA2-binding protein, PALB2, was identified. The BRCA2-PALB2 interaction is crucial for certain key BRCA2 DNA damage response functions as well as its tumour suppression activity. Here we show, by screening for PALB2 mutations in Finland that a frameshift mutation, c.1592delT, is present at significantly elevated frequency in familial breast cancer cases compared with ancestry-matched population controls. The truncated PALB2 protein caused by this mutation retained little BRCA2-binding capacity and was deficient in homologous recombination and crosslink repair. Further screening of c.1592delT in unselected breast cancer individuals revealed a roughly fourfold enrichment of this mutation in patients compared with controls. Most of the mutation-positive unselected cases had a familial pattern of disease development. In addition, one multigenerational prostate cancer family that segregated the c.1592delT truncation allele was observed. These results indicate that PALB2 is a breast cancer susceptibility gene that, in a suitably mutant form, may also contribute to familial prostate cancer development.     

A data-mining approach to biomarker identification from protein profiles using discrete stationary wavelet transform

Objective： To develop a new bioinformatic tool based on a data-mining approach for extraction of the most informative proteins that could be used to find the potential biomarkers for the detection of cancer. Methods： Two independent datasets from serum samples of 253 ovarian cancer and 167 breast cancer patients were used. The samples were examined by surfaceenhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （SELDI-TOF MS）. The datasets were used to extract the informative proteins using a data-mining method in the discrete stationary wavelet transform domain. As a dimensionality reduction procedure, the hard thresholding method was applied to reduce the number of wavelet coefficients. Also, a distance measure was used to select the most discriminative coefficients. To find the potential biomarkers using the selected wavelet coefficients, we applied the inverse discrete stationary wavelet transform combined with a two-sided t-test. Results： From the ovarian cancer dataset, a set of five proteins were detected as potential biomarkers that could be used to identify the cancer patients from the healthy cases with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 100%. Also, from the breast cancer dataset, a set of eight proteins were found as the potential biomarkers that could separate the healthy cases from the cancer patients with accuracy of 98.26%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 95.6%. Conclusion： The results have shown that the new bioinformatic tool can be used in combination with the high-throughput proteomic data such as SELDI-TOF MS to find the potential biomarkers with high discriminative power.     

干扰长链非编码RNA NEAT1上调miR-126抑制胃癌细胞的生长、间质转换及裸鼠肿瘤形成

目的 研究干扰长链非编码RNA核富集的转录物1(NEAT1)上调miR-126抑制胃癌细胞的生长,间质转换及裸鼠肿瘤形成的影响.方法 通过RT-PCR分析NEAT1在胃癌MGC-803、SGC-7901细胞和正常胃上皮GES-1细胞中的表达,并检测sh-NEAT1的沉默效率.NEAT1沉默后,EDU染色分析肿瘤细胞的增...     

A viral microRNA functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155

All metazoan eukaryotes express microRNAs (miRNAs), roughly 22-nucleotide regulatory RNAs that can repress the expression of messenger RNAs bearing complementary sequences. Several DNA viruses also express miRNAs in infected cells, suggesting a role in viral replication and pathogenesis. Although specific viral miRNAs have been shown to autoregulate viral mRNAs or downregulate cellular mRNAs, the function of most viral miRNAs remains unknown. Here we report that the miR-K12-11 miRNA encoded by Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) shows significant homology to cellular miR-155, including the entire miRNA 'seed' region. Using a range of assays, we show that expression of physiological levels of miR-K12-11 or miR-155 results in the downregulation of an extensive set of common mRNA targets, including genes with known roles in cell growth regulation. Our findings indicate that viral miR-K12-11 functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155 and probably evolved to exploit a pre-existing gene regulatory pathway in B cells. Moreover, the known aetiological role of miR-155 in B-cell transformation suggests that miR-K12-11 may contribute to the induction of KSHV-positive B-cell tumours in infected patients.     

循环肿瘤细胞富集和鉴定技术在乳腺癌患者中的临床验证

 临床验证了一种有效的循环肿瘤细胞富集和鉴定方法,并探讨了该方法应用于乳腺癌循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)的临床检测。分别取10名健康志愿者外周抗凝静脉血7.5mL,加入经标记的培养乳腺癌细胞SKBR-3,抗白细胞抗体偶联的纳米磁珠阴性富集后在荧光显微镜下读取细胞并计数,通过细胞的回收率对富集方法予以评价;分别取20名健康志愿者、15名临床诊断为浸润性乳腺癌患者外周抗凝静脉血7.5mL,对所取血液进行编盲处理,经富集、免疫荧光加免疫细胞化学染色后在显微镜下读取并判定循环肿瘤细胞,通过两组间检测到的循环肿瘤细胞的差异对该研究方法的特异性和敏感性进行评价。研究结果表明,10名健康志愿者血液中加入培养细胞的平均回收率为75%;加入的培养细胞抗角化蛋白(CK18)染色阳性、抗Her2染色阳性、抗CD45染色阴性,符合乳腺癌细胞的特征;揭盲后结果显示,20名健康志愿者血液均未报告有循环肿瘤细胞,而在乳腺癌患者中,CTC数目小于3个(0—2)者占所检测患者的33.3%,大于3个者占66.7%。由此得出结论：该循环肿瘤细胞富集和鉴定方法对外周血CTC具有较好的回收率,且对于CTC的临床诊断具有很好的特异性和灵敏度。     

ICAM-1,TNF-α在原发性肝癌中表达的相关性分析

采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测原发性肝癌及正常体检人群各56例血清中ICAM-1和TNF-α的表达,免疫组化方法检测56例原发性肝癌组织标本的ICAM-1和TNF-α蛋白的表达.结果显示ICAM-1和TNF-α在原发性肝癌血清中存在异常表达(p<0.05),不同组织分型原发性肝癌患者血清中ICAM-1水平、TNF-α水平无差异(p>0.05),原发性肝癌组织中ICAM-1和TNF-α蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.216,p=0.000).ICAM-1和TNF-α的表达可能是原发性肝癌病理进程中的普遍现象,检测原发性肝癌患者血清ICAM-1和TNF-α含量,可为患者个性化治疗提供实验室依据,改善患者的预后.     

乳腺癌患者细胞免疫指标的检测及意义

目的检测乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞总数及CD4~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞、CD45RA~+T细胞、CD45RO~+T细胞等T淋巴细胞亚群的百分率,用以评价患者的免疫状态.方法选择女性原发性乳腺肿瘤患者50例为病例组,并以病理检查的TNM分期结果做进一步分组,其中乳腺癌Ⅰ期27例,乳腺癌Ⅱ+Ⅲ期23例;选择女性健康体检者40例为健康对照组.应用流式细胞仪,分别检测各组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的数量,统计分析各组检测结果的差异性.结果乳腺癌Ⅱ+Ⅲ期组CD3~+T细胞和CD4~+T细胞百分率明显低于正常对照组和乳腺癌Ⅰ期组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);乳腺癌Ⅰ期组CD45RA~+T细胞明显低于正常对照组,乳腺癌Ⅱ+Ⅲ期组CD45RA~+T细胞明显低于乳腺癌Ⅰ期组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);乳腺癌Ⅰ期组CD45RO~+T细胞明显高于正常对照组,乳腺癌Ⅱ+Ⅲ期组CD45RO~+T细胞明显高于乳腺癌Ⅰ期组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论T细胞亚群检测是评价肿瘤患者细胞免疫功能的重要指标,具有重要的临床应用价值.乳腺癌患者免疫功能与肿瘤恶变的发生、发展、临床分期有一定相关性,随着病情的进展,机体免疫功能呈现下降趋势.     

免疫PCR方法检测乳腺癌患者血清抗p53蛋白抗体

目的为乳腺癌诊断提供血清学新方法.方法免疫PCR方法检测血清抗p53蛋白抗体,酶免疫组化方法检测组织p53蛋白表达.结果乳腺癌患者血清抗p53蛋白抗体阳性率为39.5%,而非癌患者和正常人血清抗p53蛋白抗体均为阴性,乳腺癌患者血清中抗p53蛋白抗体显著高于非癌患者和正常人(P＜0.01).p53蛋白阳性表达的乳腺癌患者抗p53蛋白抗体阳性率为64.2%,明显高于p53蛋白阴性表达组,血清p53抗体测定与p53蛋白表达密切相关(P＜0.01).结论检测血清抗p53蛋白抗体是检测组织p53蛋白理想的替代工具抗p53蛋白抗体可以作为乳腺癌血清学诊断新标志,用于乳腺癌的普查和早期诊断.     

BA-ELISA方法检测乳腺癌患者血清p185蛋白

目的建立血清p185蛋白新的检测方法,评价血清p185蛋白在乳腺癌诊断中的意义.方法利用生物素化C-erbB-2单克隆抗体,建立血清p185蛋白BA-ELISA检测方法,并对乳腺癌、乳腺增生和正常对照血清进行p185蛋白检测,同时对组织进行p185免疫组化染色.结果乳腺癌血清p185蛋白与乳腺增生、正常对照相比差异显著(P<0.05),其中免疫组化阳性乳腺癌血清p185蛋白与乳腺增生、正常对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.01),而免疫组化阴性乳腺癌血清p185蛋白与其相比无显著差异(P>0.05);BA-ELISA方法检测血清p185蛋白的敏感度为43.3%,特异度为91.1%,准确度为74.4%.血清p185蛋白水平与乳腺组织p185蛋白表达高度相关(P<0.01).结论乳腺癌患者血清p185蛋白对乳腺癌具有诊断意义.血清p185蛋白与组织p185蛋白表达高度相关.     

Clinical and pathological features of miR-10b and RHOC gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

Aberrant expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） was reported frequently in different human cancers. The major role of miRNA is targeting 31-UTR of coding gene and causing translational repression or mRNA degradation. miR-10b overexpression was reported to promote breast cancer metastasis by up-regulating RHOC expression. But its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） remains unclear. Our study indicated that the expression of miR-10b was different in HCC and adjacent tissue samples, and reduced expression of miR-10b in HCC was related tovein invasion. High-level expression of RHOC was also related to vein invasion in HCC. But no correlation was found between miR-10b and RHOC expression. These results suggest that miR-10b and RHOC are independent predictors of HCC invasion and metastasis.     

乳腺癌患者血浆和尿液的1H-NMR代谢组学

 为探讨乳腺癌患者血浆、尿液代谢组学变化，建立早期诊断的代谢标志物体系。选取乳腺癌患者45例，健康对照30例，获得血浆1H-NMR谱图，对所得自由衰减信号进行分段积分、数据归一化后用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）进行模式识别。与健康人群相比，乳腺癌患者血浆中多种氨基酸含量下降，包括亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、脂类（LDL）、β-葡萄糖、乳酸、胆碱、肉碱、肌醇显著减少，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；血浆糖蛋白、丙二酸、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、丙酮显著增多，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与健康人相比，乳腺癌患者尿液中异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、二甲胺、马尿酸、甜菜碱、牛磺酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、肌酸、肌酸酐减少，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；乳酸增多，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。通过乳腺癌患者的代谢组学的变化，建立可以用于乳腺癌早期诊断的血浆、尿液代谢标志物体系。     

宫颈癌高危因素的研究进展

宫颈癌是女性第二大恶性肿瘤,其发病率在女性恶性肿瘤中仅次于乳腺癌居第二位.随着医学研究的深入,发现很多危险因素均与宫颈癌的发生密切相关,将其按流行病学三角模式概括为致病因子、宿主、环境三个要素.针对这些危险因素进行预防早期筛查和有效防治,对于逆转宫颈癌前病变、阻断其恶性行为的发展有着重要的意义.现对宫颈癌发病的主要危险因素进行综述为更好地实施预防工作提供科学依据.     

MiR-205 inhibits the invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating SMAD1 expression

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of metastasis inhibition by miR-205 in ESCC. In microRNA （miRNA） array and quantitative RT-PCR analyses, we found that the expression level of miR-205 was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis compared with that in patients without lymph node metastasis. After transfection of miR-205 mimics or inhibitors into ESCC cell lines, a significant negative correlation was observed between the expression level of miR-205 and Smad 1. In luciferase reporter assays, we revealed that miR- 205 inhibited the expression of SMAD1 by targeting the 3＇ untranslated region （3＇-UTR） of SMAD1 mRNA in ESCC cells. Furthermore, our results showed that miR-205 sup- pressed the invasion and migration of ESCC cells, whereas Smadl increased their invasion and migration. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-205 functions as a suppressor of tumor metastasis by regulating SMAD1 expression through targeting the 3＇-UTR of SMAD1 mRNAin ESCC. Therefore, miR-205 may be a potential therapeutic target for miRNA-based therapy of ESCC.