≥0°C积温计算的不确定性

利用1961-2010年全国723个气象台站的日平均气温、月平均气温数据,分别计算≥0℃的积温,采用差值法得到积温偏差,分析了其空间分布特征及与月积温偏差的关系.结果表明,基于不同起始数据获取的年积温存在一定的不确定性和明显的时空差异,主要表现出集聚性、一致性和异质性等空间分布特征.年积温不确定性与纬经度、海拔密切相关,且纬度与海拔的影响高于经度,秦岭-淮河及横断山脉一线为年积温偏差10℃·d的分界线.月积温不确定性随月份的增大呈U型分布,11月最大、7月最小;年积温偏差贡献率范围存在明显差异,12月最大,5月最小.     

阿坝州羊的种群分布与气候生态环境的关系探讨

对阿坝州气候生态环境与羊的种群分布进行探讨,确定出绵羊、山羊适宜气候区的综合气候指标分别为:年均气温0.7—12℃,年≥0℃积温为1432.2—4366,年辐射总量130—147.9KJ/cm~2,年日照时数为2213.8—2417.9h,年降水量≥610mm,生长季干燥度0.094—1.048,隶属度:(?)x=1;年均气温4.7—13.5℃,年≥0℃积温2131—4892,年辐射总量101—122.9KJ/cm~2,年日照时数1637—2129.7h,年降水量492.7—830mm,生长季干燥度0.216—1.421,隶属度0.65<(?x)<1.两者之间为绵、山羊过渡气候生态区.为充分利用气候资源和羊的品种资源,为发展阿坝州养羊业提供了理论依据.     

糯玉米特性及寒旱区无公害栽培技术

渭源县位于甘肃省中部，定西市南部，地处黄土高原与西秦岭的交汇地带，海拔在1930--3941m之间，年降水量400—500mm，蒸发量1441．9m，年平均气温4．2—5．6℃无霜期127—141天，属温凉半干旱气候类型．≥0℃的积温2678℃≥5℃的积温2484．9℃，≥10℃的积温1939℃，光照资源充足，日照百分率为55％，土壤以黄绵土、黄麻土为主，多数地方土层深厚、质地疏松，多为中壤、     

朔州55年热量资源变化特征分析

利用1961—2015年朔州国家基本气象站的观测记录资料,选取在农业气象上常用的稳定通过0℃和10℃的∑T≥0℃、∑T≥10℃积温等作为分析热量资源及趋势变化的要素,采用线性倾向估计、距平分析、小波分析等方法,以探讨朔州稳定通过0℃和10℃积温及积温日数变化特征、趋势变化特征和周期变化特征。结果表明:1961—2015年朔州≥0℃积温随时间呈明显的增加趋势,积温倾向率为51.7℃/10年;朔州≥0℃积温的初日呈提前趋势,平均每10年提前0.9天,终日呈推后趋势,平均每10年推后0.4天;朔州≥0℃积温初终间日数呈上升趋势,平均每10年增加1.3天。朔州≥10℃积温随时间也呈明显的增加趋势,积温倾向率为50.4℃/10年;朔州≥10℃积温的初日呈提前趋势,平均每10年提前1.2天,终日呈推后趋势,平均每10年推后1.0天;朔州≥10℃积温初终间日数呈上升趋势,平均每10年增加2.4天。朔州≥0℃积温主要存在4年、8年和64年的周期变化;朔州≥10℃积温主要存在2～4年、4～8年和64年的周期变化。     

阿坝州马的数量分布与气候生态环境关系的探讨

对阿坝州气候生态环境与马的数量分布进行探讨，确定马适宜的气候区的综合指标分别为年均气温1．7～22℃，年≥0℃，积温为1432．2-4448，年辐射总量130～147kJ／cm^2，年日照时数为2310-2410h，年降水量≥680mm，生长季干燥度0．11-0．33k，隶属度Cx=1；不适宜的气候区的综合指标为年均气温9．0～13．5℃，年≥0℃，积温为3362-4892，年辐射总量102～122kJ／cm^2，年日照时数1637-2129．7h，年降水量490-730mm，生长季干燥度为1．03-141K，隶属度为Cx=0；其过渡区气候指标为年辐射总量124～131kJ／cm^2，年日照时数1630-2200h，年降水量590-760mm，生长季干燥度060～0．68K，隶属度Cx=0．49～0．84．     

阿坝州牛的种群分布与气候生态环境的关系

对阿坝州气候生态环境与牛的种群分布进行了探讨，确定牦牛、普通牛适宜气候区的综合气候指标分别为：年均气温０．７～１２．２℃，年≥０℃积温为１４３２．２～４４４８，年辐射总量１２２．９～１４７．９ｋＪ／ｃｍ￣２，年日照时数为２１２９．７～２４１７．９ｈ，年降水量≥６１０ｍｍ，生长季干燥度０．０９４～１．０５６，隶尾度：　＝１；年均气温９．０～１３．５℃，年≥０℃，积温为３３６２—１８９２，年辐射总量１０１～１１０．４ＫＪ／ｃｍ￣２，年日照时数为１６３７．５～１７４３．７ｈ，年降水量４９２．７～８３０ｍｍ，生长季干燥度０．５７４～１．４２１，隶属度＝０．两者之间为牦牛、普通牛过度气候生态区，其气候指标为年均气温４．７～５．７℃，年≥０℃积温２１３１～２３９６，年辐射总量１１５．６～１２１．９ＫＪ／ｃｍ￣２，年日照时数为１８２７．５～１８４３．９ｈ，年降水量７２９．７～７５６．１ｍｍ，生长季干燥度０．２１６～０．３５５，隶属度＝０．０６１～０．２２５，为充分利用气候资源和牛的品种资源，发展阿坝州养牛业提供了理论依据。     

临潭县农作物地膜覆盖生产现状及发展建议

临潭县位于甘肃省南部 ,甘南州东部 ,全县共有１４．５万农业人口 ,耕地面积１．７８万ｈｍ２,其中山地１．５２万ｈｍ２ ,川地０．２６万ｈｍ２ ,海拔２０３０———３６１６ｍ ,年平均气温３．２℃ ,年降水量５２０ｍｍ ,平均无霜期６５天。≥０℃活动积温２２０６℃ ,≥１０℃活动积温１２４９℃ ,属典型的高寒阴温地区。农作物以小麦、青稞、蚕豆、洋芋、油菜、豌豆为主 ,并有药材。在十几年的扶贫开发中 ,被称为贫困地区“温饱工程”的农作物地膜覆盖栽培技术在临潭县推广面积逐年扩大 ,覆膜栽培的作物种类也由过去的洋芋发展到小麦、…     

降水量和气温对小针茅(Stipa klemenzii Roshev.)草原植物群落初级生产力的影响

分析了内蒙古高原小针茅草原植物群落地上净生产量、生长季节地上平均生产量的生期变化与降水量和气温的相互关系，结果表明：小针茅草原地区最近10年气温明显升高，降水量的波动呈随机性。小针茅草原植物群落初级生产力与4－8月降水量有显著的直线回归关系，而与年平均气温、≥5℃的年积温没有明显相关关系。     

陇东杏生态气候适生种植区划

分析了陇东杏全生育期的降水、气温、日照和≥O℃积温的分布特征,制定了区划指标,探讨了气候资源开发利用途径,结果表明:降水量在214.5～302.4 mm,最多的是正宁县为302.4mm,最少的是环县为214.5mm。气温在12.2～15.3℃,最低值在静宁为12.2℃,最高值在泾川为15.3℃。日照在1003.8～1142.9小时之间,最小值在泾川为1003.8小时,最大值在环县为1142.9h。≥O℃的积温为3158.3～3932.9℃,最小值在西部的静宁为3158.3℃,最大值在泾川为3932.9℃。最适宜种植区为合水南部、西峰南部、泾川、灵台、宁县、正宁全部。     

浅谈平凉地区关山带中药材的开发

平凉地区关山带位于关山东西两侧,海拔1700—2800m。受关山小气候影响,年降雨量600—700mm;平均气温<7℃,日平均温度>0℃,活动积温<3200℃;日平均温度≥10℃,活动积温<2500℃;年均日照时数2100小时,≥10℃日数137天,无霜期120—160天。境内地形沟壑纵横,地势高低不平,属高寒阴湿丘陵沟壑和土石山林区。主要包括华亭县马峡、山寨、河西、麻奄、策底,庄浪县通化、通边、永宁、韩店、郑河、颉崖11个乡,135448口人,总耕地38.5万亩,人均3.07亩,人均产粮277.5kg,人均纯收入357.8元。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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