不同直链淀粉含量水稻籽粒淀粉积累及其相关酶的活性变化研究

以4个不同直链淀粉(AC)含量水稻品种为研究材料,研究籽粒淀粉积累规律及其相关酶的活性变化,并分析了两者之间的相关性.结果表明直链淀粉积累速率、支链淀粉积累速率、颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性均呈单峰曲线变化.所有水稻品种直链淀粉含量在花后5～15 d增幅最大;支链淀粉含量在花后5～20 d有一个极显著增加的过程,B6优4761增幅最大.Logistic方程拟合淀粉积累过程发现,直链淀粉积累量的高低主要取决于最大积累速率的高低,而最大积累速率出现的早晚和活跃积累天数的长短决定了支链淀粉积累量的高低.高AC含量品种菲优188直链淀粉积累量、积累速率及GBSS活性最大值显著大于其它水稻品种;糯稻品种成糯88在花后15 d的支链淀粉积累量和积累速率最大,但其籽粒SSS活性较低.灌浆后期,高AC含量品种菲优188的籽粒千粒重明显大于其余水稻品种.相关分析表明,所有水稻品种籽粒淀粉积累速率均与GBSS、SSS活性呈正相关,说明籽粒淀粉积累量的高低还受到GBSS和SSS活性的影响.     

钙离子对灌浆期藜麦淀粉及其合成酶活性的影响

研究钙离子对藜麦籽粒中淀粉合成的影响.以LL-3,H-1藜麦为实验材料,以Hoagland营养液为对照,以Hoagland营养液加硝酸钙溶液进行高钙溶液处理,以缺钙的Hoagland营养液加钙离子螯合剂进行低钙处理,对灌浆期藜麦籽粒中的淀粉含量和淀粉合成关键酶的活性进行测定.结果表明,LL-3在高钙处理下,可明显提高其支链淀粉和直链淀粉的含量,而低钙处理下直链淀粉的含量降低,支链淀粉的含量无显著变化.淀粉合成相关酶在高钙处理下的峰值时间不变,平均酶活性与正常组相比有明显提高.低钙处理下,蔗糖合成酶(SS),可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)的活性峰值时间均提前,结合态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)、淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性峰值时间与正常组一致,籽粒提前成熟衰老,淀粉含量减少.H-1在高钙处理下,直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量无显著变化,而低钙处理下支链淀粉和直链淀粉的含量降低.在低钙处理下,SS,SSS,GBSS与正常组相比,其活性峰值时间均提前,高钙处理下,平均酶活性与正常组相比明显提高.钙离子对藜麦籽粒中淀粉的积累有重要的调节作用.     

不同基因型冬小麦花后干物质的累积、转运及氮动态变化研究

采用田间小区试验,研究了2个不同基因型冬小麦(小偃22号和小偃6号)对花后不同营养器官干物质的累积与转运、收获指数及籽粒灌浆过程中茎、叶、颖壳、籽粒的全氮含量的动态变化。结果表明:茎、叶干物质的积累量,从开花期到成熟期一直呈下降的趋势;穗干物质的积累量,在开花期和灌浆期,随着施氮量的增加均呈升高的趋势;灌浆期到成熟期无明显趋势。开花期,不同干物质转运量在不同器官中的分配为"茎叶穗";冬小麦不同器官转移的干物质对子粒的贡献叶片最大,其次是茎,穗部最小;施氮处理下,收获指数显著高于不施氮处理。在籽粒灌浆过程中,全氮含量在茎、叶、籽粒中呈先降低后升高的趋势,而颖壳中的全氮含量呈"降低—升高—降低"的趋势;冬小麦不同器官全氮含量为茎颖壳叶籽粒,施氮量在150 kg/hm2处理下,冬小麦各器官全氮含量保持较高水平。试验中选用的2个基因型冬小麦品种,小偃22号干物质的积累量、收获指数显著高于小偃6号;施氮处理下,小偃22号不同器官的干物质转运量、干物质转运率和干物质对籽粒的贡献率都显著高于小偃6号。小偃22号具有较高的氮素吸收能力。     

不同筋型小麦品种籽粒可溶性糖含量和淀粉积累及播期调控效应

以半冬性强筋品种济麦20和弱筋品种郑麦004为材料,在大田栽培条件下研究了灌浆期籽粒可溶性糖含量和淀粉积累变化及播期的调控效应.结果表明:播期对两品种籽粒中可溶性糖含量和淀粉积累的影响存在差异,济麦20籽粒中可溶性糖含量受播期影响大于郑麦004;两品种均以晚播有利于淀粉的积累,适当晚播有利于济麦20支链淀粉的积累,适时播种有利于郑麦004直链淀粉的积累;千粒质量济麦20以适播最大,郑麦004以晚播最大,千粒质量变化与可溶性糖含量及淀粉积累变化趋势基本吻合.因此,在生产中应针对不同筋型小麦品种籽粒糖和淀粉积累特点确定适宜的播期,以达到提高产量和优化品质的目的.     

调控源库关系对砂仁可溶性糖、淀粉含量和果实产量的影响

以西双版纳热带雨林下生长的砂仁(Amomum villosum Lour)为材料,研究了人为调控源库关系对砂仁产量和植株可溶性糖、淀粉含量的影响.结果表明:去叶减源和去花减库均使砂仁根、茎和叶的可溶性糖和淀粉含量下降,果实产量降低;去笋减库使叶、根的可溶性糖和淀粉含量稍有升高,对其他参数影响不大;人工授粉增库使茎和叶可溶性糖和淀粉含量降低、根的升高,砂仁产量显著提高;去果减库使砂仁产量显著降低.砂仁叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量与果实产量呈正相关,根和茎可溶性糖和淀粉含量与果实产量呈负相关,但均未达到显著水平,表明热带雨林环境中的砂仁植株光合源对砂仁产量的影响不大,库容是限制砂仁产量的主导因素.     

稻鱼共作下不同有机肥对水稻养分吸收利用效率的影响

研究有机肥替代化学氮肥对稻鱼共作下水稻产量、养分吸收利用及土壤养分的影响,可为稻田化肥减量增效提供依据。田间试验设置常规水稻单作配施化肥(CK)、稻鱼共作配施化肥(CF)、稻鱼共作配施有机肥(OF)、稻鱼共作配施复合微生物肥(MF) 4个处理,分析了相同施氮量下不同有机肥处理稻鱼共作水稻产量、干物质量、养分吸收与利用效率以及土壤性质的差异。结果表明：(1)与CK相比,CF和OF处理的水稻籽粒产量分别减少2.53%和0.16%,MF处理增加11.23%,处理间差异不显著(P≥0.05);稻鱼共作下水稻氮收获指数显著提高,同时,水稻磷素和钾素的偏生产力、籽粒生产效率、干物质生产效率和收获指数均有不同程度提高,以MF处理的提升效果最好。(2)稻鱼共作下不同有机肥处理的水稻籽粒养分含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),氮、钾含量均为MF>OF,磷含量则相反。(3)不同处理间土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均无显著差异(P≥0.05)。综上,稻鱼共作模式下以有机肥或复合微生物肥全量替代化学氮肥均能稳定水稻产量、维持土壤肥力、提高肥料利用效率。     

高粱胚乳发育的观察与研究

采集花后不同天数的高粱颖果进行实验，得到以下主要结果：（1）高粱颖果的鲜、干重前期增长较快，后期增长速率减慢，而颖果的含水率呈下降趋势。（2）发育初期的胚乳组织在反足极有一突起，并手稿珠心组织。（3）高粱的淀粉体从花后第6天开始积累淀粉，颖果上方中部的胚乳细胞中淀粉体充实较好，而胚和转移细胞间的胚乳细胞淀粉体充实较差。（4）在颖果发育的前期和中期，果皮细胞中大量积累淀粉，而在颖果发育中期，果皮细胞中积累的淀粉随胚乳的进一步充实而消失。（5）在颖果背部维管束和胚乳组织间有充满液体的空腔，空腔周连的胚乳细胞特化成胚乳转移细胞，推测由北部维管束卸出的灌浆物质需经过这个空腔即质外体后才能进入胚乳。（6）糊粉层和色素层的形成与灌浆“废物”的屯积有关，高粱胚乳转移细胞及周围积聚的“废物”较多，因而成为黑色层。     

氮肥对不同类型小麦产量与品质的影响及调控差异

为探明氮肥对不同敏感型小麦产量与品质及其相关构成因素的影响,以氮敏感型、氮迟钝型2种类型小麦品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,设置纯施氮180 kg/hm²(N1)、240 kg/hm²(N2)2个氮素水平,研究不同类型小麦产量与品质及其相关构成因素在不同氮水平下的变化差异。结果表明,氮肥主要是通过影响小麦穗数和千粒重,进而影响小麦产量,相较于低氮水平,高氮水平下氮敏感型小麦产量降低了19.82%,氮迟钝型小麦产量降低了2.62%,高氮不利于氮敏感型小麦产量的提升,对氮迟钝型小麦产量的影响相对较小;容重、硬度、出粉率在不同氮水平间差异性不显著;粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值在不同氮水平下呈极显著性差异,与低氮水平相比较,高氮水平下有利于小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值的增加,氮敏感型品种的增加幅度分别为8.04%、7.55%和15.84%,氮迟钝型品种的增加幅度分别为3.38%、3.23%和3.39%,氮敏感品种的增加幅度显著高于氮迟钝型品种。本研究还显示,不同氮水平下的小麦淀粉RVA黏度参数差异性显著,随着施氮量的增加,小麦淀粉糊化峰值黏...     

地栽牡丹根系萌动前后营养物质变化研究

以三年生实生苗牡丹‘风丹白’为材料,探讨牡丹根系萌动前后不同时期根系中营养物质的变化．结果表明：根系中可溶性糖含量变化呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势．淀粉含量呈现先升高再下降,再升高后下降的整体走势．而可溶性蛋白总体上呈现上升趋势．在相对休眠期（12月13日至1月10日）内,随着温度的降低,可溶性糖积累明显并维持在较高的量,淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量则逐渐增加．根系萌动（2月27日）开始后,牡丹根系内可溶性糖和淀粉含量急剧降低,而可溶性蛋白含量则继续保持升高的总体趋势．根系生长旺盛期（3月6日至3月13日）可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量逐渐升高,淀粉含量反而逐渐降低．     

氮、磷、钾对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响

在大田条件下研究了氮、磷、钾对小麦产量和品质的影响，结果表明：施磷肥增加了强筋小麦与弱筋小麦的穗数、千粒重和产量，施氮肥则降低了籽粒的硬度，提高了籽粒的面筋含量。施氮肥对两种筋型小麦的吸水率、形成时间和弱化度及拉伸面积和延展性呈正效应，施磷对粉质仪参数影响很小，施钾对弱筋小麦的粉质仪参数呈负效应，而对强筋小麦呈正效应。对于淀粉糊化特性，增施氮、磷、钾对弱筋小麦呈正效应，且施氮效应最大；增施氮、磷、钾增加了强筋小麦的稀懈值，而对其余淀粉糊化特性指标呈负效应，施氮影响最大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that