UP整环上的u-平坦模

设R是UP整环.R-模M是u-平坦模,是指对任意u-单同态f:A→B,使得1f:M_RA→M_RB是u-单同态.建立函子上的u-长正合列,证明R-模M是u-平坦模当且仅当对任何u-正合列0→A→B→C→0,序列0→M_RA→M_RB→M_RC→0是u-正合列,当且仅当对R的任何极大u-理想m,M_m是平坦R_m-模,当且仅当对R的任何理想I,自然同态M_RI→IM是u-同构.最后证明若{A_i|i∈Γ}是M的u-平坦子模的正向系,其中Γ是定向集,则lim→Ai是u-平坦模.     

Frobenius扩张上的n-Ding内射模

研究Frobenius扩张上的n-Ding内射模.设RA是环的可分Frobenius扩张,N是任意左A-模,证明了N是n-Ding内射左A-模当且仅当N是n-Ding内射左R-模当且仅当A_RN(Hom_R(A,N))是n-Ding内射左A-模.     

范畴_R~M_S~M的复形及同调模

本文讨论了范畴RMSM中的复形与同调模,证明了下列结果:设OMM′→LL′→KK′→O是一个短正合列,则对任何RS一模AA′有长正合列O→HR(A,M)Hs(A′,M′)→HR(A,L)Hs(A′,L′)→H_R(A,K)Hs(A′,K′)→Ext′(AA′,LL′)→…→Ext~n(AA′,MM′),Ext~n(AA′,L)L′)→Ext~n(AA′,KK′)→…同时给出了AA′是投射RS-模的几个等价命题。     

Frobenius扩张下模的无挠性和自反性

设A/R是环的Frobenius扩张。证明了在环的Frobenius扩张下,一个模的无挠性和自反性是保持的,即对于任意的A-模 M,M_A是无挠模(或自反模)当且仅当M作为R-模是无挠模(或自反模)。     

形式三角矩阵环上的F-Gorenstein平坦模

设■是形式三角矩阵环,其中A,B是环,U是(B,A)-双模.利用Hom函子和伴随同构等理论,刻画形式三角矩阵环T上的F-Gorenstein平坦模结构,并证明若_BU的平坦维数有限,U_A的平坦维数有限且对任意的余挠左A-模C,有U?_AC是余挠左B-模,则左T-模■是F-Gorenstein平坦模当且仅当M₁是F-Gorenstein平坦左A-模,Coker φ^M是F-Gorenstein平坦左B-模,且φ^M:U?_AM₁→M₂是单射.     

形式三角矩阵环上的Gorenstein平坦模

设T=(AU0B)是形式下三角矩阵环.引入相对于平坦分解的相容双模,证明了:若U是相对于平坦分解的相容(B,A)-双模,M1是左A-模,M2是左B-模,则M=(M1M2)φM是Gorenstein平坦左T-模当且仅当M1是Gorenstein平坦左A-模,其中φM是单同态,Coker(φM)是Gorenstein平坦左...     

形式三角矩阵环上的PC-内射模

设A、B是环,M是B-A-双模,称T=(A 0M B)是形式三角矩阵环.设R是任何环,N是R-模,若对R的任意伪凝聚模M,有Ext_R~1(M,N)=0,则称N是PC-内射模.借助有限表现模的性质刻画形式三角矩阵环的凝聚性,证明若M是有限表现右A-模,则T是右凝聚环当且仅当A和B都是右凝聚环.讨论形式三角矩阵环上的模的性质,证明若T是右凝聚环,M是有限表现右A-模,则有右T-模(X,Y)_f是PC-内射模当且仅当X是PC-内射A-模,ker f是PC-内射B-模,且f是满同态.     

有界导出范畴的描述

利用预覆盖类描述Abel范畴A的有界导出范畴D^b( A ), 并给出相应的应用. 结果表明, 模范畴的有界导出范畴可用Gorenstein平坦模和余挠对描述.     

t-UC模的若干等价刻画

设τ是遗传挠理论,基于Asgari和Ceken等人引入的t-本质子模和τ-UC模的概念,利用环模理论的研究方法,给出了t-UC模的概念。若M的任意子模在M中都存在唯一的t-闭包,则称M是t-UC模。通过举例说明了t-UC模和UC模之间的关系,讨论了t-UC模的若干等价刻画,并给出了两条推论:(1)若M是t-UC模,则对任意N≤_(tc)M,_N~M是t-UC模和UC模;(2)当且仅当M的任意子模是t-UC模时,M是t-UC模。进而,当M=⊕_(i∈I)M_i是t-UC模时,证明了M是t-extending模当且仅当对任意i∈I,M是t-extending模,且对满足K∩M_i■Z_2(M)(i∈I)产M的任意t-闭子模K,K是M的直和因子。     

整环上的u-算子及其同调特征

通过U-内射模定义了UP整环以及UP整环上的u-算子和u-模,证明了UP整环上,M是U-挠模当且仅当对任何正合列0→A→B→M→0,其中B是U-内射模,有A_u=B;也证明了M是U-内射模当且仅当同态f可以扩张到A_u,当且仅当对任何U-挠模C,Ext_R~1(C,M)=0.其次,在UP整环上定义了u-正合列,证明了A→fB→gC是u-正合列当且仅当(im(f)+ker(g))/im(f)与(im(f)+ker(g))/ker(g)都是U-挠模.最后,在UP整环上证明了若A→fB→gC→0是u-正合列,N是u-模,则0→Hom_R(C,N)→Hom_R(B,N)→Hom_R(A,N)是正合列.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~