地棘蛙素类似物的CoMFA和CoMSIA的3D-QSAR研究

采用比较分子力场 (CoMFA)分析法和比较分子相似性指标场(CoMSIA)分析法,进行偏最小二乘法(PLS)分析,建立了地棘蛙素类化合物的三维构效模型.通过验证,说明该系列化合物分子立体场、静电场、氢键场和疏水场的分布与生物活性之间有良好的相关性.用模型预测同系列测试集分子,结果与实验值偏差较小.预测结果表明,该力场模型有一定的预测能力.并得出了新的药效团定义模型,可用来指导设计新的地棘蛙素类化合物烟碱型乙酰胆碱配体.     

烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体激动剂的3D-QSAR研究

对34个烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体激动剂采用比较分子场分析法(CoMFA)进行了结构与活性的关系研究,构建了CoMFA模型,该模型交叉验证相关系数为0.540,非交叉验证相关系数为0.952,证明该模型有较好的拟合能力和预报能力.通过等势图直观地给出了分子周围立体场(38.4 %)和静电场(61.6 %)对化合物活性的影响,为设计高活性的杀虫剂提供了理论依据.     

吲哚-2-酮类化合物作为PDGF-Rβ酶抑制剂的3D-QSAR研究

用比较分子场分析法(CoMFA)研究了一系列取代的吲哚．2．酮类化合物作为生长因子受体抑制剂对酪氨酸激酶PDGF-Rβ活性抑制作用的定量构效关系，建立了较好的预测模型，该模型非交叉验证的相关系数(R^2)为0．999，F值是1504．715，标准偏差(S)为0．042．根据该模型，设计并预测了数个新的化合物，表明该模型可定量地预测结构相近的类似物活性，为设计合成新的PDGF-Rβ酶抑制剂提供了理论依据．     

(E)-4-取代酰氧基-3-甲氧基苯乙烯侧链类衍生物的比较分子力场(CoMFA)研究

 利用比较分子力场方法,建立5-脂氧合酶/环氧合酶抑制剂的三维定量构效关系,为设计新的更有效的酶抑制剂提供理论依据.在CoMFA分析中,交叉验证回归系数R²_CV、非交叉验证回归系数r²和标准偏差(SEE)分别为0.639,0.744,0.148.说明系列化合物分子周围立体场和静电场的分布与抗炎活性间有良好的相关性.利用该模型对自行合成的24个化合物进行活性预测,结果与实测值相符.所得模型支持了假设的抑制剂作用机理和作用模型.所得CoMFA模型具有一定的预测能力,可用来指导设计新的5-脂氧合酶/环氧合酶抑制剂.     

比较分子力场分析法研究3-芳基喹唑啉酮衍生物的定量构效关系研究

运用比较分子力场分析（CoMFA）方法对45个3-芳基喹唑啉酮衍生物进行了三维定量构效关系研究．考察了不同的步长、探针原子以及电荷的计算方法等对构建模型的影响．建立的最佳模型交叉验证相关系数（q^2）为0．662，非交叉验证相关系数（R^2）为0．963，标准偏差（s）为0．203．该模型的建立为选择性雌激素受体β亚型调节剂的结构优化提供了理论支持．     

硝基芳烃对呆鲦鱼急性毒性的CoMFA研究

用比较分子力场分析（CoMFA）方法研究硝基苯类化合物结构与呆鲦鱼的急性毒性的关系,考察了网格结构和探针原子对构效关系的影响。建立了它们的三维定量构效关系模型（用带一个单位正电荷的K原子为探针,并固定步长为0．2nm）,发现影响生物毒性的立体场、静电场的贡献分别为0．480、0．520,该模型交叉验证的相关系数平方q^2为0．452,非交叉验证的相关系数平方R^2为0．951。在CoMFA基础上引入疏水参数lgKow,以带一个单位负电荷的Cl原子为探针,其立体场、静电场、疏水场的贡献分别为0．317,0．307,0．376。所得模型的q^2=0．866,R^2=0．994,并用该模型预测了标题化合物的急性毒性。     

单环β—内酰胺对大肠杆菌受体作用三维构效关系的比较分子力场分析（CoMFA）

模拟受体活性部位与配体分子间作用的势场模型,从三维空间进一步探讨单环β-内酰胺抗生素构效关系,指导新化合物设计与合成。我们根据活性类似物原理,采用比较分子力场分析（CoMFA）方法,对已知的26个单环β-内酰胺化合物对大肠杆菌作用的构效关系进行了研究。模拟了大肠杆菌青霉素结合蛋白（PBPs)与配体分子间的作用力场和静电力场模型。该模型有利于指导新型β-内酰胺抗生素me-too类药物的设计。     

抗癌性AHMA衍生物三维定量构效关系研究

应用比较分子场分析法(CoMFA)对一系列抗癌性AHMA类衍生物进行了三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)研究,建立了交叉验证的CoMFA模型。所建最佳模型的交叉验证相关系数q2为0.702,非交叉验证相关系数r2为0.993,估算的标准误差S=0.085,统计方差比F(4,25)=448.5,用该模型对测试集化合物进行了预测,预测结果与实验值非常接近,表明模型具有很好的预测能力。论文对该系列抗癌化合物的三维定量构效关系进行了深入讨论,结果进一步表明,在R取代基第一个原子上引入拉电子基团或原子,同时选择给电子的R1基团及较大体积的取代基R2,能有效地改善这类化合物的抗癌活性。     

N-(3-苯丙基)哌嗪类σ1受体配体的3D-QSAR研究

采用比较分子力场(CoMFA)分析法和比较分子相似性指数(CoMSIA)分析法,对34个N-(3-苯丙基)哌嗪类σ1受体配体进行三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)研究,建立了具有较强预测能力的 3D-QSAR 模型.并利用Gaussian 03程序,采用B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法,探索了化合物分子的前线轨道与分子结构的关系.新设计的化合物的体外受体结合分析结果与该模型预测的数据一致,此结果为进一步研究σ1受体-配体的相互作用模型以及设计高亲和力的哌嗪类σ1受体配体提供了参考.     

三芳基吡啶酮类新型冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶抑制剂构效关系研究及分子设计

3CL蛋白酶在冠状病毒复制过程中起着极为关键的作用,是重要的药物靶标.采用分子对接的方法产生了38个三芳基吡啶酮类化合物的活性构象.并以此为基础,应用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)方法对其三维定量构效关系进行了研究：以30个化合物构成的训练集所建立的CoMFA模型,其交叉验证系数q~2为0.810,非交叉验证相关系数r~2为0.981,标准偏差SEE为0.099.对由8个化合物构成的测试集进行了预测,其预测相关系数r~2_pred为0.855,表明所建模型具有良好的拟合能力及预测能力.基于CoMFA等势面图,探讨了此类化合物立体场与静电场的有利结构特征,并以此为理论指导设计了一组具有良好预测活性的三芳基吡啶酮类3CL蛋白酶抑制剂,为此类化合物的进一步优化提供了理论指导.     

A glia-derived acetylcholine-binding protein that modulates synaptic transmission

There is accumulating evidence that glial cells actively modulate neuronal synaptic transmission. We identified a glia-derived soluble acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP), which is a naturally occurring analogue of the ligand-binding domains of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Like the nAChRs, it assembles into a homopentamer with ligand-binding characteristics that are typical for a nicotinic receptor; unlike the nAChRs, however, it lacks the domains to form a transmembrane ion channel. Presynaptic release of acetylcholine induces the secretion of AChBP through the glial secretory pathway. We describe a molecular and cellular mechanism by which glial cells release AChBP in the synaptic cleft, and propose a model for how they actively regulate cholinergic transmission between neurons in the central nervous system.     

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is involved in acetylcholine regulating stomatal movement

In animal cells, action of acetylcholine depends on its binding with its two specific receptors on the plasma membrane: the nicotinic and muscarinic respectively. The present investigation has shown that agonists of muscarinic receptor (muscarine) could induce stomatal opening, while the antagonists (atropine) could block stomatal opening induced by acetylcholine. Their effects can only be realized in medium containing Ca²⁺, but not in medium containing K⁺. The results tend to reveal that the muscarinic receptor is involved in acetylcholine-induced stomatal movement.     

α6/α3β2β3乙酰胆碱受体在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞中的表达及其条件优化

为建立有效的α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs(α6/α3β2β3，或简写为α6β2*，*代表其他亚基)体外重组表达实验模型，利用非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达体系，采用显微注射RNA的方法，利用双电极电压钳技术检测电流，对α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs亚型进行体外重组表达研究，并对其表达条件进行优化，获得了α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs优化的重组表达体系.烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)是一类重要的配体门控离子通道，其亚型众多且结构相似，但各亚型的生理学和药理学功能截然不同.天然的α6β2* nAChRs很难体外表达，体外表达模型的表达电流非常小.因此, 本实验拟研究优化该亚型的表达，进行优化后的体外表达模型，产生的激发电流显著提高，为以该亚型为靶点的新药筛选提供实验模型和基础.     

A direct nicotinic receptor-mediated inhibition recorded intracellularly in vitro

Acetylcholine activates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system. Although the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptor has been well characterized, relatively little is known at the cellular level concerning nicotinic receptor stimulation in brain. Central nicotinic receptors have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, seizure activity, the generation of slow-wave theta rhythm in the hippocampus and the potential abuse liability of nicotine. At the neuronal level, nicotinic agonists have been most often associated with postsynaptically mediated excitation and membrane depolarization at various sites, including Renshaw spinal motoneurons, locus coeruleus and the medial habenular nucleus. Nicotine acting presynaptically can produce either excitation or inhibition indirectly through the release of endogeneous transmitters or modulators. Whereas a direct inhibitory effect of nicotine has been suggested by one in vivo extracellular recording study in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons, the mechanism(s) underlying this action is not yet known. We now report our findings obtained using in vitro intracellular methods in a submerged brain slice preparation in which application of nicotinic agonists to rat dorsolateral septal neurons reveal a direct membrane hyperpolarization mediated by an increase in potassium conductance.     

Channel properties of an insect neuronal acetylcholine receptor protein reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers

A pentameric membrane protein composed of four types of polypeptide has been identified as the minimal structural unit responsible for the electrogenic action of acetylcholine on electrocytes and muscle cells. Because many populations of central and peripheral neurons also have nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), considerable effort has recently gone into identifying the neuronal receptor. The central nervous tissue of insects contains very high concentrations of nicotinic AChRs, and we have recently purified an alpha-toxin binding protein, a putative AChR, from neuronal membranes of locusts. It is a component of high relative molecular mass, clearly composed of identical subunits, a structure predicted for an ancestral AChR protein. To verify that the purified polypeptides not only represent ligand binding sites but that they are indeed functional receptors, we have now reconstituted the isolated protein in a planar lipid bilayer. We show that in this system cholinergic agonists activate functional ion channels, that have properties comparable to those exhibited by the peripheral AChRs in vertebrates; thus, for the first time a functional acetylcholine receptor channel has been identified in nerve cells.     

Isolation of a cDNA clone coding for a possible neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit

We have isolated a complementary DNA clone containing sequences homologous to those encoding the alpha-subunit of a mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Based on the structural similarities between the encoded protein and the muscle acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit, and the presence of hybridizing RNA species in the brain, we propose that this clone codes for a neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit.     

尼古丁生物降解产物中烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体α7亚型靶向化合物的虚拟筛选

在以微生物降解尼古丁的代谢途径中,已被分离出多种与尼古丁结构类似的中间产物.烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体α7亚型(α7-n AChR)是阿尔茨海默病和多种炎症药物研发的重要靶点,而尼古丁是与其特异性结合的天然配体.计算机虚拟筛选技术是现代新药研发的一种重要方法.采用尼古丁降解产物及其结构相似物与α7-n AChR进行活性位点对接及分子计算,探寻是否可以从尼古丁的降解产物中寻找出新型以α7-n AChR为靶点的小分子治疗药物.选用9个尼古丁代谢的中间产物和与其结构相似的78个化合物为筛选对象.计算结果显示:9个尼古丁代谢中间产物与α7-n AChR的结合能量在-5.7 kcal/mol~-6.7 kcal/mol之间,3个结构相似化合物与α7-n AChR的结合能量约为-8.0 kcal/mol.这些化合物均可以与α7-n AChR的活性区域进行结合,其结合能与其天然配体接近或更好.筛选的结果为此类化合物的下一步的药理学研究提供了参考.     

On the nature of partial agonism in the nicotinic receptor superfamily

Partial agonists are ligands that bind to receptors but produce only a small maximum response even at concentrations where all receptors are occupied. In the case of ligand-activated ion channels, it has been supposed since 1957 that partial agonists evoke a small response because they are inefficient at eliciting the change of conformation between shut and open states of the channel. We have investigated partial agonists for two members of the nicotinic superfamily-the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glycine receptor-and find that the open-shut reaction is similar for both full and partial agonists, but the response to partial agonists is limited by an earlier conformation change ('flipping') that takes place while the channel is still shut. This has implications for the interpretation of structural studies, and in the future, for the design of partial agonists for therapeutic use.