Rezente und fossile Lebensspuren,ihre Deutung und geologische Auswertung

Summary A study of the recent tracks and trails is important for the interpretation of the fossil ones with which palichnology, as a branch of paleontology, has to deal in contrast with the more significant fossils preserved as shells, bones etc. Only such a study can prevent the errors being possible on the geological, especially paleogeographical interpretation of fossil tracks. The ecological point of view is a determining factor for their classification and determination while a classification according to taxionomic units is not possible.     

Elektronendichte und Polarität bei Benzol,Naphthalin und Anthracen

Summary For the aromatic molecules benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene a relation is found between dipole moment and dissociation constant of the hydroxy compounds and the carboxylic acids on the one hand and the-electron density at the respective carbon atom in the unsubstituted molecule on the other hand. The following statement can be made:—The-electron density at a carbon atom of these aromatic systems is found to increase with its positive character. The effect is explained by using an electrostatic model.     

Struktur und Wirkung des Muscarins,des Muscarons und ihrer Stereoisomeren

Summary All synthetic isomers of (+)-muscarine, the racemic forms of epi-muscarine, allo-muscarine, and epiallo-muscarine are at least 100 times less potent on blood pressure of cats and isolated frog hearts than the natural alkaloid. Only muscarones are more potent and exhibit strong nicotinic action on the frog rectus and in blocking ganglionic and neuro-muscular transmission in the cat. They closely resemble acetylcholine in their structure and action.The activity of the isomers depends on the position of the constituents on the tetrahydrofurane ring. Steric hindrance of the hydroxy or carbonylgroup and of etheroxygen plays an important part in the contact with the cholinergic receptor. As nor-muscarine without the quarternary nitrogen is inactive, at least 3 different points of contact have to be considered. This is stressed by the fact that muscarine is highly stereospecific in its action, whereas muscarone is not.     

Die mechanischen Entropie- und Disgregationskonzepte aus dem 19. Jahrhundert: ihre Grundlagen,ihr Versagen und ihr Entstehungshintergrund

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von S. Flügge Helmuth Temeschinko zum Gedächtnis     

Synthese und biologische Aktivität bradykininwirksamer Undeca-, Dodeca- und Tridecapeptide

Summary Several undeca-, dodeca- and tridecapeptides, analogues of the naturally occurring methionyllysyl-bradykinin, have been synthesized. The biological activities of the new compounds on the isolated rat uterus, guinea-pig ileum and rabbit blood pressure are presented.

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über Peptidsynthesen XXXIV. 7. Mitt. über Bradykinin- und Kallidin-Analoga. XXV. Mitt. über Peptidsynthesen, 6. Mitt. über Bradykinin- und Kallidin-Analoga:E. Schr?der, H.-S. Petras undE. Klieger, Liebigs Ann.679, 221 (1964).     

Die Verteilung der Na- und Cl-Ionen zwischen Blutserum einerseits,Pleurapunktat, Ascites und Liquor cerebrospinalis andererseits

Summary We determined the sodium, chloride, and protein content of sera on the one hand, and the same constituents in pleural, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluid on the other. We found the proportions of sodium and chlorine of serum and corresponding fluid to be identical with the proportions calculated according tovan Slyke's formula on the basis of the Donnan equilibrium. Consequently one cannot draw any diagnostic conclusions from the sodium or chlorine content of these fluids, as they depend solely on the sodium or chlorine content of the serum and the protein content of the serum and fluid.     

DNS-Synthese,Blastentransformation und Mitosen in gemischten,homologen Granulozyten-Lymphozytenkulturen

Summary Lymphocyte stimulation in vitro could be obtained with allogeneic but not autochthonous or isogeneic granulocytes. Blastoid transformation, mitosis and activated DNA synthesis measured by H³-thymidine incorporation occurred simultaneously. The cytoimmunological relevance and further applications of the findings are discussed.

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Mit Unterstützung der schweizerischen Krebsliga.     

Ein chemisch und pharmakologisch neuartiger Antagonist von pathophysiologisch bedeutsamen Aminen,Kininen und kininbildenden Faktoren

Summary CIBA 21 401-Ba, a glucofuranoside derivative (ethyl-3,5,6-O-benzyl-d-glucofuranoside), antagonizes in vitro the smooth-muscle action of a large number of biogenic amines and polypeptides, the accelerated migration of leucocytes induced by endotoxin, and the Schultz-Dale phenomenon. In vivo, the compound shows anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects and improves the survival rate of infected mice treated with suboptimal doses of a sulphonamide.     

Spurenelemente einiger schweizerischer Ophiolithe,Radiolarite und Mergel

Summary The trace element content of a few Swiss ophiolites, radiolarian cherts and marls has been determined by means of spectrographic methods.Field observations, microscopical and spectrographical data lead to the conclusion that the colour of green cherts in certain areas is due to the supply of clastic peridotite- and serpentine-particles originating from a syn-temporaneous ultrabasic igneous body.     

Über Ursprung und Funktion einiger Methylgruppen in verzweigten Fettsäuren,in Pflanzensterinen und in Chinonen der Vitamin-K- und Ubichinongruppe

Summary In the first part of this review the biogenesis of methyl-branched bacterial lipids through incorporation of the methyl group of methionin or of propionic acid is studied; it is shown that in the biogenesis of tuberculostearic acid, only two hydrogen atoms are transferred with the carbon of methionin. The same observation is made in the second part, concerning the origin of the 24-methyl group of ergosterol. Different mechanisms of C-methylation by methionin are discussed. It is also shown that the ethylidene group of fucosterol is formed by a double transfer of the methyl carbon of methionin.In the third part the possible biological function of the 2-methyl group of vitamin K and the ubiquinones is studied; the acid catalysed isomerisation of these compounds to very reactive methylene-quinone-chromanes is discussed in detail.

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SechstePaul-Karrer-Vorlesung, gehalten am I. Juli 1964 an der Universität Zürich; ein ähnlicher, englischer Text wird als «Second Jubilee Lecture» der Biochemical Society im Biochemical Journal, im Druck (1964), erscheinen. — Unsere Arbeiten wurden durch Grant AI-02838 vom National Institute of Health (U.S. Public Health Service) und durch Unterstützungen des Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Saclay, gefördert.     

Die bakteriostatische Wirkung von Chalkon,Flavanon, Flavon und Flavonol

Summary Chalcone, flavanone, flavone, and its derivatives had a certain bacteriostatic effect onSt. aureus. Flavonol has no activity and morin, a derivative of flavonol, showed only a weak inhibition of the bacterial growth.Cystein did not have any antagonistic effect.Extracts of drugs, which contain natural flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and flavonols, are more or less bacteriostatic.     

Die Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen der Katze,des Kaninchens und der Ratte

Summary The concentration of noradrenaline in different parts of the heart was estimated in cats, rabbits, and rats. In each heart, the concentration of noradrenaline was much higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium and higher in the right ventricle than in the left one.     

Über den Einfluss von Natriumsulfit,Natriumtellurit und Natriumselenit auf die Retention von Zink,Kadmium und Quecksilber im Organismus

Summary The influence of sodium sulfite, sodium tellurite and sodium selenite on the retention of zinc, cadmium and mercury in mice was studied. The retention of mercury was increased by sodium selenite and by sodium tellurite. The retention of cadmium was increased only by sodium selenite. Sodium sulfite did not influence the retention of metals studied. The retention of zinc was not influenced by any compounds used.     

Peroxidase-Isoenzyme in Kressekeimlingen (Lepidium sativum L.) und ihre Hemmung durch Silybin,Silydianin und Silychristin

Summary Seedlings ofLepidium sativum L. contain 4 peroxidase isoenzymes. Their de-novo-synthesis is significantly depressed in the presence of 3·10^–3 moles/l silybin, silydianin and silychristin in the incubation medium respectively.     

K-Einfang und Positronenemission des 6,7-h-Cd107, 109

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Sauerstoff-Heteroringe. Die Konfiguration und Synthese desd,l-Homopterocarpins

Summary The racemic form of homopterocarpin (V), a constituent of red sandal-wood, has been synthesized by a method which has previously been proposed by the authors. N. M. R. spectral studies in conjunction with the examination of models have enabled the assignment of thecis configuration (V) to homopterocarpin.

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V. Mitteilung. IV. Mitteilung sieheH. Suginome, Exper.18, 161 (1962).     

Röntgenbestrahlung und Hypothermie. Der Einfluss auf Körpergewicht,Hirngewicht, Kleinhirnentwicklung und Blutbild bei neugeborenen Hausmäusen

Summary New-born mice were X-rayed under extreme hypothermia in order to estimate the radioprotective effect of hypothermia on body weight, brain weight, development of cerebellum and the hematopoietic system. A protective effect was found in the rate of survival, in body and brain weight, in the cerebellum and in the number of erythrocytes. After hypothermia, the repair of damage in the cerebellum and the erythropoietic system starts earlier. The protected mature cerebellum shows an approximately normal status. Hypothermia does not prevent the initial decrease of lymphocytes caused by X-rays, and it produces a severe disturbance of hemoglobin content.     

Alkaloide ausVinca minor L. Vincadin,Minovin und Vincorin

Summary The isolation and characterisation of three new alkaloids fromVinca minor L. is described: Vincadine C₂₁H₂₈N₂O₂, Minovine C₂₂H₂₈N₂O₂, and Vincorine C₂₂H₂₈N₂O₃ belonging to the indol- and dihydroindol alkaloids.

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VII. Mitteilung, VI. Mitt.: sieheJ. Mokrý I. Kompi, P. efovi, und. Bauer, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., im Druck.     

Vobasin und Voacryptin,zwei neue Alkaloide ausVoacanga africana Stapf

Summary Vobasine, a monomeric indole alkaloid of novel spectral type, and voacryptine, a monomeric 5-methoxyindole derivative, have been isolated from the bark ofVoacanga africana Stapf.     

Circadian-Rhythmik und Gruppenverhalten beiLeucaspius delineatus (Pisces,Cyprinidae)

Summary In constant illumination fish groups and isolated fish exhibit a free running rhythm. The period length of the day active animals decreases with increasing light intensity and vice versa. The results correspond to the circadian rule, the validity of which has proved correct now for fish, too. The synchronization within fish groups is also influenced by socio-ecological factors.