模拟失重对钙调蛋白基因表达与人参皂苷合成的影响

在利用回转器模拟失重的生物学效应试验中对人参细胞的钙调蛋白(CaM)基因表达与人参皂苷合成展开研究.结果显示回转处理不仅在初始阶段可以诱导CaM基因表达的提高,而且在处理人参细胞的18h之内,CaM基因表达还呈现波动性变化.说明了Ca 2+ 依赖信号转导系统在转导重力变化刺激信号过程中的复杂性.回转处理还可以诱导人参皂苷的合成与人参皂苷合成相关基因鲨烯合酶基因(squalene synthase gene,sqs)与鲨烯环氧酶基因(squalene epoxidase gene,sqe)的表达.Ca 2+ 螯合剂EGTA、质膜钙通道抑制剂LaCl 3 与细胞内膜钙通道抑制剂钌红(ruthenium red,RR)都可以抑制回转诱导的CaM基因、sqs与sqe的表达,以及提高人参皂苷的合成.这种相关性说明胞外Ca 2+ 的内流与胞内钙库的Ca 2+ 向外流入胞质中,对于回转诱导人参细胞内皂苷含量的升高都是必须的,CaM可能介导了回转诱导人参皂苷合成的模拟失重效应.CaM拮抗剂氯丙嗪(CPZ)与N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide(W 7 )可以抑制回转诱导的人参皂苷合成,sqs与sqe的表达也显示了CaM的介导作用.     

FTO过表达对小鼠胰岛β细胞功能的影响以及全基因组表达谱变化研究

为了研究肥胖基因FTO过表达对小鼠胰岛β细胞功能的影响以及基因表达谱的变化,构建小鼠FTO基因过表达慢病毒载体,包装慢病毒颗粒并感染小鼠胰岛MIN6细胞.利用QPCR和WesternBlot技术检测FTO基因在MIN6细胞中过表达情况,并检测葡萄糖刺激检测胰岛素的释放情况,进一步利用小鼠全基因芯片检测FTO过表达对小鼠胰岛MIN6细胞表达谱的影响.结果表明：慢病毒载体成功介导了FTO在MIN6细胞中过表达,FTO过表达可以显著抑制MIN6细胞的胰岛素释放.表达芯片的结果显示FTO改变MIN6细胞表达谱,发现多达922个的差异基因.FTO过表达改变了小鼠胰岛细胞的表达谱,差异基因通过一些重要信号通路影响小鼠胰岛β细胞的生物学功能.     

HBP21抑制胰岛素诱导的PI3K/AKT 信号通路机制

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信号通路在肝细胞癌中处于异常激活的状态,并且促进癌症的发生发展.在肝细胞癌中,热休克蛋白HSP70结合蛋白21(Hsp70 binding protein 21,HBP21)处于低表达状态,过表达HBP21显著诱发癌细胞发生凋亡.利用qRT-PCR技术检测肝癌组织中HBP21的mRNA水平,发现癌组织中HBP21的mRNA水平要低于癌旁组织.用胰岛素处理肝癌细胞Huh7以激活细胞内PI3K/AKT信号通路,采用qRT-PCR技术和蛋白免疫印迹实验检测细胞内HBP21的转录和翻译水平,随着胰岛素处理时间的延长,HBP21的mRNA水平和蛋白水平都呈现下降趋势.在Huh7内过表达HBP21显著抑制胰岛素诱导的AKT和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的磷酸化;通过泛素化实验和蛋白免疫印迹实验发现,HBP21不影响AKT的K48及K63位泛素化及人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)的蛋白水平.利用抑制剂LY294002处理Huh7细胞,确定HBP21作用于PI3K/AKT信号通路.进一步研究发现,HBP21不影响IRS1和IRS2的mRNA水平,而是抑制胰岛素受体β亚基(insulin receptor beta,IRβ)的磷酸化进而影响PI3K/AKT信号通路的活化.在Huh7细胞中,HBP21抑制肝癌细胞中异常活化的PI3K/AKT发挥着重要作用.HBP21在肝细胞癌中的缺失表达,以及其抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路使其有可能成为潜在治疗癌症的靶点.     

JAK2在生长激素介导的信号传导中的作用

在细胞水平上，JAK2在生长激素介导的信号传导中具重要作用。生长激素与生长激素膜蛋白受体结合，激活胞质酪氨酸激酶JAK2后，JAK2自身磷酸化。同时磷酸化生长激素膜蛋白受体，从而形成信号传导因子与转录激活因子、适配蛋白Shc等细胞信号分子高亲和位点。生长激素刺激下的JAK2也会磷酸化胰岛素受体底物，从而激活磷酯酰肌糖3激酶以及其它相关的调节新陈代谢的生物分子活性。而且JAK2还能激活适配蛋白SH2-B。这些因子和激活途径可能是生长激素作用于机体并调节机体生长代谢的基础。     

机械拉伸对人角膜基质细胞水通道蛋白AQP1表达的影响

通过探讨机械拉伸对人角膜基质细胞中水通道蛋白1(AQP1)及下游信号通路相关基因表达的影响,为揭示圆锥角膜等术后并发症的发生机制提供参考。采用FLEX-4000对人角膜基质细胞进行周期性机械拉伸处理,采用Fluo-3荧光探针检测细胞内Ca~(2+)的浓度,ELISA法检测拉伸处理后胞内cAMP的含量,Real-time PCR分析拉伸和Ca~(2+)螯合剂BAPTA处理后AQP1及其下游信号通路相关基因的表达变化。结果发现:机械拉伸可诱导角膜基质细胞中AQP1及其下游FAK、Wnt通路相关基因的表达。机械拉伸处理后胞内Ca~(2+)、cAMP含量显著上升。BAPTA能够抑制拉伸诱导的AQP1及下游ARHGEF2、Wnt11、MMP2基因的表达。结果提示机械拉伸能够通过调节胞内Ca~(2+)浓度和cAMP浓度促进AQP1的表达,并进一步通过下游的FAK、Wnt信号通路诱导MMP2的表达,参与角膜细胞外基质代谢的调节。     

β淀粉样蛋白来源的扩散性配体对胞外信号调节激酶活性的影响

β淀粉样蛋白来源的扩散性配体降低细胞外信号调节激酶的磷酸化水平,免疫印迹结果显示在培养的海马神经元上,给予500 nmol/L的可溶性β淀粉样蛋白寡聚体,作用不同时间均降低了胞外信号调节激酶的磷酸化水平;可溶性β淀粉样蛋白寡聚体对细胞不同部位胞外信号调节激酶磷酸化水平影响不同,并且对细胞质、细胞膜、细胞核中胞外信号调节激酶磷酸化水平的影响在时间上呈现明显的差异;β淀粉样蛋白来源的扩散性配体通过突触外N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体影响胞外信号调节激酶信号通路,单独激活突触外的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体或给予β淀粉样蛋白来源的扩散性配体后再激活突触外的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体,胞外信号调节激酶的磷酸化水平均明显降低;水迷宫实验显示,转入淀粉样前体蛋白基因的小鼠要花更多时间找到目标平台,其海马胞外信号调节激酶磷酸化水平显著降低.     

高效转染HepG2细胞的逆转录病毒载体系统的构建及应用

为构建含绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)和人胰岛素原基因的逆转录病毒表达载体,并检测其在人肝癌细胞HepG2中的表达,将IRES-EGFP片段克隆到含调控元件的人胰岛素原基因逆转录病毒表达载体(pLXSN-GI-Ins)中,构建得到表达质粒pLXSN-GI-Ins-EGFP.经脂质体介导转染HepG2细胞后,各孔分别加入含有30.0 mmol/L葡萄糖的培养液继续培养24 h,在荧光显微镜下观察EGFP基因的表达,检测细胞上清液中的胰岛素值.数据显示,成功构建逆转录病毒表达质粒pLXSN-GI-Ins-EGFP.转染HepG2细胞后48 h,表达EGFP基因的细胞数目占总细胞数目的比值为(38.0±5.0)%.结果表明,构建了含EGFP和调控元件的人胰岛素原基因逆转录病毒表达载体,并且能够在HepG2细胞中成功表达.     

γ-干扰素诱导沙眼衣原体感染细胞酪氨酸激酶活化的研究

目的探讨IFN-γ诱导的沙眼衣原体感染细胞信号转导中酪氨酸激酶活化。方法采用IFN-γ作用于沙眼衣原体感染的McCoy细胞，用免疫印迹法检测信号蛋白酪氨酸激酶磷酸化的诱导活化，并应用酪氨酸激酶特异性抑制剂genistein拮抗IFN-γ诱导的酪氨酸激酶磷酸化。结果IFN-γ可以在短时间内引起沙眼衣原体感染细胞内的蛋白质酪氨酸激酶磷酸化。磷酸化程度随时间延长而改变，在15min时磷酸化程度最高，以后逐渐减弱。Genistein可抑制IFN-γ诱导的酪氨酸激酶磷酸化；随着浓度增大，抑制作用有所增加。结论IFN-γ诱导沙眼衣原体感染细胞酪氨酸激酶活化。     

胰岛素第二信使研究进展

近来的许多研究表明有两类分子可作为胰岛素信号传递的第二信使而将激素所携带的信号传递进入靶细胞内 .一类是磷酸寡聚糖或肌醇磷酸多糖 ,另一类是二酰基甘油 (dicylglycerol DAG) .胰岛素对代谢的调节作用是通过磷酸寡聚糖控制代谢关键酶的磷酸化状态而实现的 .二酰基甘油可介导胰岛素刺激葡萄糖的跨膜转运过程 .许多证据表明位于细胞穴样内陷在胰岛素信号传递过程中具有聚集信号传递分子的作用 .     

伤寒沙门菌外膜囊泡通过调控铁死亡抑制结直肠癌细胞的增殖及机制初探

近年来,细菌外膜囊泡(OMVs)在抗肿瘤治疗中展现出的巨大潜力引起了广泛的关注.为探究伤寒沙门菌外膜囊泡(S.Typhi-OMVs)对人结直肠癌细胞株HT-29增殖的影响及可能的作用机制,通过超速离心法提取不同细菌的OMVs,细胞增殖实验(CCK-8)检测各细菌OMVs对细胞活力的影响;转录组测序(RNA-seq)分析处理后细胞基因表达水平的变化;试剂盒检测铁死亡相关标志物的含量变化;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和蛋白质免疫印迹法(western blot)分别检测相关基因mRNA和蛋白质的表达变化.结果显示,在提取的6种细菌OMVs中,S.Typhi-OMVs对HT-29细胞的增殖产生了最明显的抑制作用,并且呈现出浓度和时间梯度依赖性;RNA-seq显示HT-29细胞可能发生了铁死亡;S.Typhi-OMVs作用后,细胞内发生了铁沉积,氧化产物增多,抗氧化剂减少,符合铁死亡生化特征;SAT1是S.Typhi-OMVs处理后HT-29胞内mRNA表达量变化最大的基因;p53-SAT1-ALOX15是铁死亡的信号通路之一,S.Typhi-OMVs处理后胞内p53、SAT1、ALO...     

Myc rescue of a mutant CSF-1 receptor impaired in mitogenic signalling.

The colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) mediates its pleiotropic effects through the coupling of its ligand-activated tyrosine kinase to multiple intracellular effector proteins, whose combined actions determine the magnitude and specificity of the biological response. The interaction of cytoplasmic signalling molecules with CSF-1R is mediated in part by sequence motifs flanking sites of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Mutation of an autophosphorylation site at tyrosine 809 in the cytoplasmic domain of human CSF-1R does not significantly reduce its ligand-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity, binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or induction of the immediate early response genes, c-fos and junB (ref.2). Unlike cells bearing wild-type receptors, mouse NIH3T3 cells expressing mutant CSF-1R(Phe 809) were unable to grow in serum-free medium containing human recombinant CSF-1 and did not form colonies in semi-solid medium in its presence. CSF-1 induction of c-myc messenger RNA in these cells was impaired, but enforced expression of an exogenous c-myc gene restored their ability to proliferate in response to the growth factor. These studies demonstrate a receptor-mediated bifurcation of intracellular signal transduction pathways during the immediate early response and assign a central role for c-myc in CSF-1-induced mitogenesis.     

性激素是HPV16—DNA永生化人外宫颈上皮细胞的弱调节剂

研究激素对ＨＰＶ１６－ＤＮＡ永生化人外宫颈上皮细胞（ＨＣＥ１６／３细胞系）体外生长的影响。方法：使用［３Ｈ］－胸苷掺入试验,软琼脂糖集落试验和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法分析了性激素对ＨＣＥ１６／３细胞的生长调节和病毒基因的表达。结果：在无类固醇血清无酚红的培养条件下,雌二醇和孕酮对ＨＣＥ１６／３细胞的生长无明显影响,而胰岛素则是ＨＣＥ１６／３细胞的生长刺激素。胰岛素的刺激细胞生长作用不能被性激素所增强;雌二醇也不能诱导ＨＣＥ１６／３细胞停泊独立生长。但Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹分析显示性激素上调ＨＣＥ１６／３细胞病毒早期基因表达,该基因的表达可能与ＨＰＶＤＮＡ永生化细胞的生长有关。结论：ＨＣＥ１６／３细胞的生长仍然依赖于生长因子,性激素刺激病毒早期基因表达,要阐明性激素对人宫颈癌发生所起的作用,仍需做更多的工作     

脉冲电场对悬浮中国红豆杉细胞的影响

以中国红豆杉悬浮细胞为植物细胞的模型,研究了低频脉冲电场对植物细胞生长和次生代谢的影响.不同生长时相的红豆杉细胞在不同时间的脉冲电场作用下,其生长和紫杉烷积累的情况表现出明显差异.对数前期的细胞经30 min的电场诱导后,细胞生长没有明显变化,但紫杉烷的含量提高了近30%.并发现, 脉冲电场和补糖的组合策略能更有效地促进细胞积累紫杉烷.     

慢病毒介导的HTRA1突变基因感染对人脑血管平滑肌细胞内氧化应激反应的影响

检测HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因慢病毒载体转染HBVSMC后,HBVSMC内氧化应激水平的变化。以HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因慢病毒载体转染HBVSMC后,在特定的时间点收集NC、OE-WT HTRA1及OE-MU HTRA1三组细胞的总RNA及总蛋白,分别用RT-PCR和Western Blot的方法检测三组细胞的NOX4 mRNA及蛋白水平的表达情况;用DCFH-DA法检测三组细胞内的活性氧水平。从定量PCR结果可以看出,人脑血管平滑肌细胞中,OE-MU组NOX4基因表达丰度是NC组的2.015倍。从Western blot结果可以看出,在正常的人脑血管平滑肌细胞中NOX4蛋白水平表达较低,而在慢病毒LV-HRTA1及LV-HRTA1-MUT感染后NOX4蛋白表达水平增高。在正常的人脑血管平滑肌细胞中ROS水平表达较低,而在慢病毒LVHRTA1及LV-HRTA1-MUT感染后ROS蛋白表达水平增高,在突变型病毒感染细胞组表现更为明显。说明:1HTRA1突变型基因感染人脑血管平滑肌细胞后,细胞内活性氧产量增加,NOX4 mRNA水平的表达正常细胞升高,但较HTRA1野生型基因无明显差别;NOX4在蛋白水平表达较其他两组均升高;2HTRA1突变型基因感染的人脑血管平滑肌细胞出现增殖减少、迁移活力降低以及凋亡增加可能与细胞内的氧化应激有关,为进一步研究CARASIL发病机制奠定基础。     

6个氨基酸小C肽人胰岛素原类似物基因的构建和表达

用片段置换法，从在Ｃ肽两端具有酶切位点的双突人胰岛素原因中，将Ｃ肽基因替换成含Ａｒｇ－Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｓｅｒ－Ａｒｇ－Ｌｙｓ６个氨基酸小Ｃ肽基因。将这个小Ｃ肽岛素原类似物基因重组到具有Ｔａｃ启动子的质粒中，并与部分牛凝乳酶原基因融合，在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中得到了高效表达。表达的ＢＣ＇Ａ融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白的１６％。表达产物以包含体形式存在，经ＣＮＢｒ裂解及磺酸，再经复性后，具有对胰岛素的放射免疫活性。     

siRNA对肺癌细胞株NCI-H460 bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的:研究siRNA (smallinterferenceRNA)对大细胞肺癌细胞株NCI -H4 6 0bcl- 2基因表达的影响。方法:利用Ambion公司提供的设计软件和试剂盒,设计合成以bcl - 2基因为靶标的siRNA ,通过脂质体将合成的siRNA转入NCI-H4 6 0细胞株,设置转染bcl- 2反义药物G3139和空白两对照组。用MTT法检测siRNA对细胞生长的作用;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的改变和Bcl- 2蛋白表达;RT -PCR检测bcl- 2mRNA水平。结果:siRNA组与对照组细胞存活率均有显著性差异(P <0 0 5 ) ;siRNA组bcl- 2的mRNA明显低于对照组和反义组(P <0 0 5 ) ;siRNA组Bcl- 2蛋白阳性率明显低于对照组和反义组,siRNA组以及反义组细胞阻滞于S期。结论:体外转录合成的siRNA可抑制NCI-H4 6 0细胞bcl- 2基因的表达,抑制率可达5 0 %以上。     

Cloning and expression of catalytic domain of Abl protein tyrosine kinase gene in E. coli

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and are involved in signal transduction. Uncontrolled signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases to intracellular tyrosine kinases can lead to inflamma tory responses and diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Thus, inhibitors that block the activity of tyrosine kinases or the signaling pathways of PTKs activation could be assumed as the potential candidate for drug development. On this assumption, we cloned and expressed the Abl PTK gene in E. coli, and purified the PTK, which was used to screen the PTK inhibitors from the extracts of Chinese herbs. The catalytic domain sequence of PTK gene was amplified by PCR us ing the cDNA of abl from Abelson murine leukemia virus as template. The amplified fragment was then cloned into the GST-tagged expression vector pGEX2T. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into host cell E. coli DH5α and was induced to express PTK protein. The expression of the protein was detected using SDS-PAGE. The result showed that a specific protein was induced to express after 12 min induction, and reached peak level about 40% of the host total pro tein after 4 h induction. The molecular weight of the fusion protein was about 58 kD. The purified GST-PTK fusion pro tein presented higher activity for tyrosine phosphorylation.     

Leukocytes express a novel gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein-kinase devoid of an extracellular domain

Tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of proteins is a key to the control of diverse pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. The protein-tyrosine kinases described to date are either transmembrane proteins having an extracellular ligand binding domain or cytoplasmic proteins related to the v-src oncogene. Most of these proteins are expressed in a wide variety of cells and tissues; few are tissue-specific. Previous studies have suggested that lymphokines could mediate haematopoietic cell survival through their action on glucose transport, regulated in some cells through the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor. We have investigated the possibility that insulin receptor-like genes are expressed specifically in haematopoietic cells. Using the insulin receptor-related avian sarcoma oncogene v-ros as a probe, we have isolated and characterized the complementary DNA of a novel gene, ltk (leukocyte tyrosine kinase). The ltk gene is expressed mainly in leukocytes, is related to several tyrosine kinase receptor genes of the insulin receptor family and has unique structural properties: it apparently encodes a transmembrane protein devoid of an extracellular domain. Two candidate ltk proteins have been identified with antibodies in the mouse thymus, and have properties indicating that they are integral membrane proteins. These features suggest that ltk could be a signal transduction subunit for one or several of the haematopoietic receptors.     

Diminished in vitro tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor of senescent human fibroblasts

Fibroblastic cultures derived from normal human tissues undergo a finite number of population doublings when serially subcultivated in vitro (see refs 1, 2 for reviews). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) serves as a mitogen for early doubling level cultures of the human fetal lung-derived cell strain, WI-38, under serum-free conditions. The ability of cells from late doubling level cultures to respond mitogenically to EGF is lost, however, despite undiminished binding of EGF throughout the replicative lifespan. The ultimate effects of EGF, that is DNA synthesis and mitosis (see ref. 4 for review), occur after a sequence of events initiated by binding of ligand to specific cellular receptors. The receptor for EGF has been characterized as a 145,000-165,000 (145 K-165 K) molecular weight doublet, and, like the receptors for platelet-derived growth factor and insulin, and the transforming proteins of certain of the RNA tumour viruses, is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase with autophosphorylating activity. Moreover, several of the cellular target molecules of tyrosine phosphorylation have been found to be substrates for two or more of these kinases. The hypothesis that tyrosine phosphorylation underlies a common mechanism of growth control prompted us to ask whether the loss of responsiveness to EGF by late doubling level WI-38 cells is accompanied by altered expression of the EGF receptor, and specifically whether changes occur in the ability of receptors from populations of cells of various in vitro ages to catalyse tyrosine autophosphorylation. We show here that autophosphorylating activity is absent from the EGF receptor of cells which have lost their mitogenic responsiveness to EGF.     

Monitoring p21 mRNA expression in living cell based on molecular beacon fluorescence increasing rate

Studying the expression level of mRNA in living cells will offer tremendous opportunities for advancement in cell biology research, disease diagnostics, and drug discovery. In this paper, a molecular beacon （MB） specific for the important tumor suppressor gene p21 has been designed and synthesized. The fluorescence signal was detected in real-time after the MB entered the cytoplasm of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. After injecting the p21MB into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell and p33-transfected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell, the consistent increase of fluorescent signal intensity was detected in both cell lines, and maximum fluorescence intensity achieved in about 15 min. In about 4 min following microinjection, the fluorescence increasing rate was significantly different between these two cell lines, which indicate the different p21 mRNA expression levels. The results obtained in the real-time detection were also validated by RT-PCR. Analysis of the initial fluorescence increasing rate can efficiently reduce the side effect of enzyme and improve the accuracy in living cell mRNA detection.