基于随机需求的接运公交时刻表的鲁棒性优化方法研究

接运公交需求的随机性会对接运公交时刻表的编制与投入运营产生扰动影响. 为降低此不利影响,基于鲁棒性思想研究了随机需求下接运公交时刻表的优化方法. 随机接运公交需求的每一组实现为一个情景,情景目标值综合考虑乘客成本与运营成本的最小化. 以接运公交需求为随机变量,建立了接运公交时刻表的鲁棒性优化模型,模型综合考虑情景的期望值与偏差期望值最小化. 模型具有组合优化与随机规划特性,选用遗传算法进行求解. 最后给出算例验证了模型与算法的有效性. 算例结果表明随着偏差权重系数的提高,鲁棒性模型更倾向于降低随机需求带来的扰动.     

基于区间路网信息的机场定制巴士路径优化

为了满足旅客个性化和多样化的接驳需求,提出了一种需求响应型的机场定制巴士,并在区间路网信息下对机场定制巴士的路径优化进行了研究。在综合考虑乘客和运营企业的利益后,以需求满足最大化、车辆行驶成本和乘客时间成本最小化以及终点时间偏差最小化为目标,构建了区间路网信息下的机场订制巴士路径优化模型,并设计出一种模拟退火和遗传混合的算法进行模型求解。最后采用模拟机场定制巴士数据的方法来对构建的路径优化模型和算法进行了验证。研究结果表明,模型和算法合理有效,可操作性强。     

基于出行成本和运营成本的接驳城市轨道交通社区公交站点布设研究

接驳城市轨道交通的社区公交可有效解决乘客出行"最后一千米"的问题,社区公交站点的合理布设需要统筹兼顾乘客出行成本和企业运营成本.在候选站点中,将乘客的步行时间和在途时间作为乘客选择站点候车的影响因子,并将乘客的站点选择行为转化为该站点被选择的概率,以乘客的步行时间成本、候车时间成本、在途时间成本和企业的运营成本最小为目标,以步行距离、满载率、发车频率和站间距为约束建立多目标优化模型,采用遗传算法求解.最后通过仿真实例,给出了优化的发车间隔和站点布设方案,验证了模型和算法的合理性和可用性.     

面向城际轨道交通的定制化接驳公交线路优化

针对面向城际轨道交通的定制化接驳公交线路优化问题,对现有的定制化接驳公交的不足进行了总结,并建立了定制化接驳公交运行线路优化模型,该模型目标函数考虑最小化乘客出行成本和公司运营成本,同时满足最大乘客定制需求。针对该优化模型的特点,设计了混合模拟退火算法对其进行求解。最后通过算例分析,验证了所研究的考虑轨道交通到站时间的定制化接驳公交协调线路优化模型和算法的可操作性、有效性以及稳定性。     

基于航班延误的飞机和乘客恢复模型

航班发生延误时,需要采取有效恢复措施降低航空公司的经济和信誉损失.本文利用现有飞机资源,对飞机和乘客进行合理的调度安排问题建立了飞机和乘客恢复混合整数规划模型.模型考虑了乘客的航班取消成本、航班延误成本、座舱降级成本、飞机的非正常降落位置的惩罚成本及飞机飞行成本等,以使航班恢复成本最小化为目标.对航班恢复成本进行细分,更接近航空公司在进行航班恢复时的实际情况.使用法国某航空公司真实航班数据作为算例,以验证模型的有效性和实用性.算例显示优化模型相对于航班取消方案和航班顺延方案分别使恢复成本降低了21.05%和21.46%.因此,模型能有效地解决航班航空公司飞机和乘客恢复问题,提高航空公司竞争力.     

可变线路式公交的两阶段车辆调度模型

针对可变线路式公交设计了一种可同时处理预约需求和实时需求的两阶段车辆调度模型.第1阶段模型以预约需求为服务对象,建立了以乘客出行成本和车辆运营成本最小为目标的路径优化模型,采用模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,获得车辆初始行驶路径方案.第2阶段模型以实时需求为服务目标,在原定行驶路径方案上利用启发式插入算法将4类乘客排入车辆行车计划中.基于实例的仿真试验验证了两阶段车辆调度模型的可行性,结果表明:通过提高乘客预约出行比例的方式可提升系统性能,本例中当乘客需求量达到25人/h、预约出行比例达到70%时,系统整体性能相较于纯动态需求条件下提升近10%.     

考虑车内拥挤状态的公交弹性发车间隔优化

为提高常规公交的出行服务质量，建立了考虑车内拥挤状态的公交弹性发车间隔优化模型.通过量化车内拥挤状态，给出各拥挤状态下的乘车成本;建立了线路各区间的拥挤状态转移函数.考虑乘客的车内拥挤状态感知，建立站点乘客随时间的上下车数量的度量模型;构建乘客出行成本度量模型，以乘客出行成本与车辆运营亏损之和最小化为目标函数，建立了公交弹性发车间隔优化模型;并设计遗传算法对模型进行求解.结果表明:优化模型能够有效降低出行成本.模型对等待成本有着“补短板”效果，对乘车成本有着“削峰”效果，即通过增加乘客到站量小站点的等待成本，降低乘客到站量大站点的等待成本，削弱乘车成本峰值的手段，达到总成本最低的效果.     

考虑路网拥堵状态的电动公交调度双阶段优化模型

为使公交到站时间符合计划时刻表,该文统筹考虑实时路网状态及客流需求,建立电动公交调度双阶段协同优化模型。路网轻微拥堵时,构建以提高公交服务水平与降低运营成本为目标,以电动公交续航里程与充电时间为约束的优化模型,运用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解,得出优化后发车间隔;路网严重拥堵时,构建全程车与区间车组合调度模型,运用模拟退火算法求解,得出组合调度发车时刻表。基于北京市361路运营数据对模型进行验证。结果表明,在满足客流需求且不增加运营成本的前提下,该文模型能够显著提升乘客满意度,公交准点率提高82.38%,乘客平均候车时间减少182.2 s。     

基于异质性出行需求的公交线路组合调度研究

为进一步研究异质性需求公交线路的组合调度,设计全程车、区间车和大站快车组合调度研究模型:以公交线路总成本(包括用户成本和运营成本)为目标函数,以各种调度模式发车频率、大站快车跳过站点为优化参数,以满足乘客出行需求为约束条件。模型首先基于Logit模型计算换乘比例,将乘客的出行需求进行分类,然后对组合调度方案进行建模。设计一种混合遗传算法的布谷鸟算法求解算例,获得最优解,并对模型参数进行敏感性分析。计算分析结果表明:此组合调度方法相较于全程车、全程车+区间车调度模式,总成本分别减少24.3%和14.4%;并优化乘客出行方式;乘客时间价值和单位运营成本对结果影响较大。通过这种组合调度优化方法,为公交运营企业调度方案提供一种新思路。     

基于成本分析的快速公交发车频率优化方法

以公共交通走廊上单条快速公交线路为研究对象,建立了基于快速公交线路站点OD数据的用户成本模型及企业运营成本模型,并以总成本最小为目标函数建立了快速公交线路的发车频率优化模型,建模过程中充分考虑了时间价值对模型优化结果的影响.以常州市快速公交1号线为例对模型进行了应用研究,结果表明:随着发车频率的增加,总成本先降后升,在15 veh/h处达到最小值.因此建议高峰时间发车间隔为3～5 min;平峰时段发车间隔为6～8 min.对用户成本和企业运营成本随发车频率变化的敏感性进行了分析,得出了优化发车频率对降低乘客等车时间成本有显著的效果,而对减少乘客车内时间成本作用较小的结论,为企业在满足一定公交服务的基础上降低运营成本提供了决策依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with