碳纳米材料的无铜点击功能化

碳纳米管、富勒烯、石墨烯等碳纳米材料在水和有机溶剂中的溶解性不理想,导致在一定程度上限制了进一步的应用.文中综述了近几年无铜催化的点击反应,如 Diels-Alder 反应、巯基-烯点击反应等对碳纳米材料的化学修饰, 并对其发展和应用前景进行了展望.     

平衡压力对碳纳米材料储氢的影响

燃料电池电动车需要高效、安全的储氢技术。采用体积法测定常温条件下氢气在自制的碳纳米材料 (碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维 )上的储存能力。研究发现 :在 2 5℃下 ,当平衡压力在 9～ 10 MPa之间时 ,氢气在碳纳米材料上有最大的吸附量 ,H与 C质量比为 3.1%。对此现象做了相应的解释 ,并对氢气在碳纳米材料中储存的原理作了初步的探讨。这将有助于进一步提高氢气在碳纳米材料中的储存能力 ,以利于最终实现碳纳米材料储氢技术在工程上的应用     

碳纳米材料的制备及应用

碳纳米材料具有独特的低维纳米结构、优异的性能和潜在的应用价值.重点综述上海大学低维炭材料与器件物理研究所在碳纳米材料研究方面的最新进展,并对碳纳米材料的发展趋势及对未来生产生活的影响进行评述.研究所在高纯度高结晶性单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWCNTs)、双壁碳纳米管(double-walled CNTs,DWCNTs)的大量生产与应用,具有量子效应的多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled CNTs,MWCNTs)的合成,碳纳米线的可控生长,单根MWCNT、单根碳纳米线的拉曼(Raman)光谱研究以及石墨烯的大量制备等方面均取得了可喜的成果.     

碳纳米管对天然有机质氯化消毒副产物生成的影响

以应用广泛的碳纳米材料多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)和水体中普遍存在的天然有机质(NOMs)为研究对象,探讨CNTs对两种不同种类NOMs(Suwannee river standard humic acid,HASR和Suwannee river standard fulvic acid,FASR)氯化生成消毒副产物的影响...     

纳米材料在油井水泥中的应用进展

纳米材料具有粒径小、表面能大、比表面积大的特点,将其添加到油井水泥中制备成性能优异的固井水泥浆是国内外研究的热点。介绍了纳米材料在油井水泥中的作用,包括促进水泥水化、改善油井水泥石力学性能、降低水泥石渗透率和孔隙度、提高水泥石耐温性、提高浆体稳定性等;并对目前在油井水泥中应用的纳米碳材料、纳米矿粉、纳米金属氧化物三类纳米材料进行了详细分析,重点阐述了纳米二氧化硅、纳米重晶石粉、纳米沸石粉、埃洛石纳米管、纳米黏土、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化镁、纳米氧化铁、碳纳米管/碳纳米纤维、石墨烯纳米片在油井水泥中的应用进展及作用机理。最后指出了纳米材料在油井水泥应用中存在的问题,提出未来需要在纳米材料分散性、对油井水泥性能的双重影响及应用成本方面进一步探索和研究。     

复合碳纳米阳极强化微生物燃料电池产电研究

〖JP〗石墨烯疏水性及层间-共轭极大地影响了其生物相容性和分散性,难以有效修饰电极. 文章通过将石墨烯与碳纳米管混合,利用二者之间的非共价结合,消除了石墨烯单一修饰电极的缺点,并通过浸渍法制备了石墨烯-碳纳米管复合碳纳米材料电极. 扫描电镜观察表明,石墨烯与碳纳米管被牢固地固定在碳毡电极表面,形成了复合均一层. 将复合电极用作微生物燃料电池（MFC）的阳极,〖JP+1〗显著改善了MFC的产电性能. 复合阳极的MFC的最大功率密度（760.7 mW/m2）比空白碳毡阳极MFC的（228.8 mW/m2）高2.36倍,因为复合电极显著降低了阳极的电子传递阻力,减轻了阳极极化,改善了阳极电化学性能. 复合碳纳米材料修饰阳极的电子传递阻抗（39.8 ）比空白碳毡阳极的（248.7）低84%.〖JP〗     

从芳香性碳-碳双键的反应特性阐述碳纳米管功能化修饰

 纳米材料的功能化修饰构成了现代纳米技术的重要组成部分。作为纳米材料的成员之一,碳纳米管不易分散或溶解于任何溶剂。为了改善碳纳米管的分散/溶解性能,对其进行必要的化学修饰是可行的途径。构成碳纳米管的芳香性碳-碳双键是其功能化修饰主体。利用有机化学碳-碳双键反应的基本理论知识,能指导碳纳米管的修饰,并可预测碳纳米管的形貌及电子性能改变规律。而碳纳米管的功能化修饰成果,也有助于增强难溶有机化合物的碳-碳双键反应特性和规律的理论基础。本文从近年的科研成果出发,从结构-性能角度深入探讨了不同修饰方法对碳纳米管形貌及结构的影响。基于碳-碳双键的加成反应有效保持了原始碳纳米管的形貌,更有利于修饰碳纳米管的广泛应用。     

多壁碳纳米管和过氧化苯甲酰化学反应的红外表征(简报)

碳纳米管作为一维纳米材料,重量轻,六边形结构连接完美,具有许多特殊的力学、电磁学和化学性栽能.近几年来,随着碳纳米管及纳米材料研究的不断深入,其广阔的应用前景也不断显现出来[1-7].碳纳米管是由碳原子形成的石墨烯片层卷曲成的无缝和中空的管体,具有类多烯的结构和其相似的化学性质.Yunning等在碳纳米管上引入了烷基,通过过氧化苯甲酰裂解得到的苯自由基和碘代烷烃在氩气保护下发生取代反应,生成烷基自由基后,再和单壁碳纳米管发生化学反应[8].南开大学的李瑞芳等研究了氢在单壁碳纳米管上的加成[9];Hirsch等报道了氮烯、卡宾、自由基和单壁碳纳米管的加成,并通过NMR、质谱仪等进行了结构表征[10].Polona Umek等研究了单壁碳纳米管和过氧化物的加成反应,在110～120℃条件下,过氧化物在甲苯溶液中直接裂解为碳自由基,和碳纳米管加成,没有研究另一部分氧自由基和碳纳米管的反应[11].本文用红外光谱研究了过氧化苯甲酰氧自由基和多壁碳纳米管之间的类烯加成反应.     

碳纳米管的性能和应用研究进展

碳纳米管因其独特的结构和性能,而成为纳米材料领域的研究热点之一.本文在简要介绍碳纳米管结构特点的基础上,对其力学、电学、超导和光学性能进行了详细分析,并对其应用前景和研究进展进行了归纳总结.     

纳米材料生物安全性研究进展

初步归纳了国外对纳米材料,如纳米颗粒、碳纳米管、纳米聚四氟乙烯、碳颗粒、固体脂质纳米颗粒、包覆DNA的纳米颗粒、半导体量子点等的毒性研究;同时也介绍了国内对磁性纳米材料、硅壳类纳米材料、齿科桩钉用纳米SiO2／S-Gf／EAM复合材料等的毒性研究进展．如下几个方面应引起重视：由于粒径减小造成的毒性增强;材料外包被和性质的改变带来的毒性变化;不同染毒方式造成的毒性差异;纳米材料的毒性作用机制等．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with