抗肿瘤药物索拉非尼合成工艺的改进

以2-吡啶甲酸（2）为起始原料,经氯化、酯化一锅法合成高纯度的中间体（4）,中间体（4）经酰胺化得到中间体（5）,（5）在TBAB和氢氧化钠存在下,与对氨基苯酚亲核取代成醚得到中间体（6）;3-三氟甲基-4-氯苯胺（7）和三光气反应,经减压蒸馏纯化得到相应的异氰酸酯（8）;（6）与4--氯-3-三氟甲基苯异氰酸酯（8）缩合制得索拉非尼（1）．改进后的合成工艺总收率达69．7％,生产成本低,环境友好,操作简单且易于工业化生产．     

环己烷中间体及其酯类液晶的合成

本文以苯甲醚为原料合成4-正烷基苯酚(1),产率比以苯酚为原料的方法提高15%。(1)经催化加氢得到的4-正烷基环己醇(2),经气相色谱分析,主要产物为反式异构体。用相转移催化的方法将(2)转化为4-氯烷基环己烷(3),经格氏试剂合成得4-烷基环己基甲酸(4)。以(2)和(4)为原料合成了四种酯类液晶。     

1,3,5-三(4-(烯丙氧基)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成

以对乙酰氨基酚、氯丙烯为原料合成了4-烯丙氧基乙酰苯胺,4-烯丙氧基乙酰苯胺经盐酸水解得到4-烯丙氧基苯胺,2步反应的总产率为66.5%.4-烯丙氧基苯胺与甲醛水溶液反应得到1,3,5-三(4-(烯丙氧基)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,产率为70.9%.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(1H-NM R)对目标产物及其中间体进行了表征.     

一种马来酰亚胺双酚A型苯并噁嗪的合成研究

以顺丁烯二酸酐、对硝基苯胺、甲醛、双酚A为原料,采用多步反应经中间产物N-(4-硝基苯基)马来酰亚胺(NPMI)、N-(4-氨基苯基)马来酰亚胺(APMI)、1,3,5-三(4-(马来酰亚胺)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(TMIPT)等最终合成出双(2,4-二氢-2H-3-(4-N-马来酰亚胺)苯基-1,3-苯并嗯嗪)异丙...     

中国南海软珊瑚化学成分Sinularia sp.的研究

通过柱层析和HPLC从中国南海软珊瑚中Sinularia sp.分离得到5个化合物,利用IDNMR、2D-NMR(1 H21 HCOSY,HMQC,HMBC)谱分析,确定了化合物的结构.确定化合物1为(Z)-N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyldodec-2-enamide,化合物2为胸腺嘧啶(Thymine,T),化合物3为尿嘧啶(Uracil,U),化合物4为一核苷[1-(4-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione],化合物5为[1-(4-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione].     

A new A4 amyloid mRNA contains a domain homologous to serine proteinase inhibitors

The amyloid proteins isolated from neuritic plaques and the cerebrovasculature of Alzheimer's disease are self-aggregating moieties termed A4 protein and beta-protein, respectively. A putative A4 amyloid precursor (herein termed A4(695] has been characterized by analysis of a human brain complementary DNA. We report here the sequence of a closely related amyloid cDNA, A4(751), distinguished from A4(695) by the presence of a 168 base-pair (bp) sequence which adds 57 amino acids to, and removes one residue from, the predicted A4(695) protein. The peptide predicted from this insert is very similar to the Kunitz family of serine proteinase inhibitors. The two A4-specific messenger RNAs are differentially expressed: in a limited survey, A4(751) mRNA appears to be ubiquitous, whereas A4(695) mRNA has a restricted pattern of expression which includes cells from neuronal tissue. These data may have significant implications for understanding amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease.     

辣椒超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的提纯和性质研究

本试验采用硫酸铵沉淀和柱层析法从辣椒提取纯化出Cu,Zn-SOD,并对其性质作了一些研究。每公斤辣椒制得168.96毫克SOD,纯度328.64μ/mg.     

Signal relay by BMP antagonism controls the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop in vertebrate limb buds.

Outgrowth and patterning of the vertebrate limb are controlled by reciprocal interactions between the posterior mesenchyme (polarizing region) and a specialized ectodermal structure, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling by the polarizing region modulates fibroblast growth factor (FGF)4 signalling by the posterior AER, which in turn maintains the polarizing region (SHH/FGF4 feedback loop). Here we report that the secreted bone-morphogenetic-protein (BMP) antagonist Gremlin relays the SHH signal from the polarizing region to the AER. Mesenchymal Gremlin expression is lost in limb buds of mouse embryos homozygous for the limb deformity (Id) mutation, which disrupts establishment of the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop. Grafting Gremlin-expressing cells into ld mutant limb buds rescues Fgf4 expression and restores the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop. Analysis of Shh-null mutant embryos reveals that SHH signalling is required for maintenance of Gremlin and Formin (the gene disrupted by the ld mutations). In contrast, Formin, Gremlin and Fgf4 activation are independent of SHH signalling. This study uncovers the cascade by which the SHH signal is relayed from the posterior mesenchyme to the AER and establishes that Formin-dependent activation of the BMP antagonist Gremlin is sufficient to induce Fgf4 and establish the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop.     

乙炔基对苯腈取代芘衍生物光电性质的影响

采用密度泛函理论DFT/B3LYP等方法研究了乙炔基对苯腈取代芘衍生物1,6-二(4-氰基苯基)芘的结构和光电性质的影响.结果表明,1,6-二(2-(4-氰基苯基)乙炔基)芘的分子结构具有高度平面性,电子激发对该化合物的结构几乎无影响.与1,6-二(4-氰基苯基)芘相比,由于乙炔基的引入,1,6-二(2-(4-氰基苯基)乙炔基)芘的热力学稳定性提高,电子注入传输性能增强,能隙减小,光谱红移,且易于分子聚集发生,其不仅有望成为掺杂型发光材料,还有可能是潜在的电子型材料.     

Preparation and Composition-Structure-Thermal Stability Relation of a Novel Open-framework Vanadium Phosphate (H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4(PO4)2(HPO4)4]

A novel open-framework vanadium(Ⅳ) phosphate (H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4(PO4)2(HPO4)4] (short for V2P3-en) has been prepared. It is synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of ethylenediamine (en) at 170℃ for 5 days by self-assembly from structurally simple precursors V2O5, H3PO4 and H2O. The compound is characterized by means of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the composition-structure-thermal stability relation of V2P3-en is explored in terms of crystal chemistry, and the potential approach to the enhancement of its thermal stability is proposed.     

4-苯基-4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮及其衍生物的合成

4－苯基－4－（1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－3－丁烯－2－酮可由3－溴－4－氯－4－苯基－2－丁酮在碱性条件下与1，2，4－三唑反应以71．4％的产率制得。其反应机理由实验和质谱证明是一个先消除氯化氢的三步反应过程，制备出了其衍生物4－苯基－4－（1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－3－丁烯－2－醇和和4－苯基－4－（1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－2－甲氧基－3－丁烯。测试结果表明，这些化合物具有较好的杀菌活性。     

烟苄酯合成工艺研究

烟苄酯合成工艺的研究及改进对实现其国产化具有积极意义。在实验中,将4-甲基苯乙酮还原成4-甲基-α-苯乙醇,将烟酸制成烟酰氯,两者再酯化合成烟苄酯。经正交实验,对上述合成工艺进行了优化。产品经纯化后,纯度达98%以上,收率可达70%。     

HC10_4酸介质中2-甲氨基-5-氯二苯甲酮萃取钯机理的研究

本文报道了HClO4体系中,2-甲氨基-5-氯二苯甲酮(R)萃取Pd的机理,考察了ClO-4浓度、Pd2+浓度和pH对Pd萃取率的影响,确定了萃合物组成为:[Pd·R2](ClO4)2。     

丁二酮肟-氧化剂型无毒浸金剂的浸出性能研究

用分子设计理论提出了一类新型浸金剂 ,它由丁二酮肟和某种氧化剂构成 ,具有无毒害和化学稳定性好的特点 ,实验结果表明 :1)丁二酮肟能与许多氧化剂尤其是高锰酸钾组合成高效浸金剂 ;2 )在丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系中 ,适宜的Ox/Lig(氧化剂与金络剂分子比 )比值范围为 0 .2 5～ 0 .50 ,最佳范围为 0 .30～0 .4 0 ;3)丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系的操作pH范围为 8～ 10 ;4 )与氰化物相比 ,丁二酮肟的浸出率与它相当但浸出速度明显快很多 ;5)从含丁二酮肟的浸出贵液中回收金既可采用炭吸附法也可采用锌置换法 图1,表 5,参 9     

超细磷酸锌钙粉体的制备与性能

采用正交实验设计,以Ca(OH)2,ZnO和H3PO4为原料,通过水热法合成出超细磷酸锌钙粉体.借助于动态光散射粒度分析仪、扫描电镜对产物的粒度和形貌进行分析表征,通过XRD图谱对反应机理进行研究,同时通过TG图谱对产物失水过程进行分析.实验结果表明:最佳反应条件是:Ca与Zn摩尔比n(Ca)∶n(Zn)=1∶2,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为12h,OP-10为表面活性剂:得到的产物颗粒大小均匀,粒度为1～2μm;最终产物CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O是通过中间产物Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O与磷酸反应而生成的.CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O分子的失水过程分为2个阶段,第1阶段失水温度为95～393℃,第2阶段失水温度为403～553℃.     

六方相NaYF4微米棱柱晶体的水热生长

通过温和的水热方法合成了六方相NaYF4微米棱柱.场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析表明:该晶体结晶性较好,尺寸均一,直径约为1μm,长度约为5μm,晶体笔直且边缘清晰.研究发现六方相NaYF4微米棱柱是随着反应时间的延长由微米花状球上脱落而成的.提出了其可能的生长机制.     

中国登巨须螨属新纪录种新组合(蜱螨亚纲:巨须螨科)

本文报道中国新纪录亚科 :登巨须螨亚科 DENHEYERNAXOIDINAE.中国新纪录属 :登巨须螨属 Denheyernaxoides Smiley,1 992 .中国新纪录种 :短喙巨须螨 Denheyernaxoides brevirostris(Canestrini,1 885)新组合 .     

无水溴化锌催化合成反-4-苯乙烯基吡啶

以甲苯为溶剂,无水溴化锌为催化剂,苯甲醛与4-甲基吡啶进行缩合反应生成了反-4-苯乙烯基吡啶.最佳反应条件是,苯甲醛与4-甲基吡啶物质的量的比为1.0∶1.5,无水溴化锌与苯甲醛物质的量比为2.0∶3.0,反应温度为85℃,产物收率为68.32%.研究还发现,在相同条件下,以无水氯化锌为催化剂,可以得到一种晶体(4-甲基吡啶)氯化锌,X-单晶衍射分析表明,该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,晶胞参数为a=1.434 1(4)nm,b=0.789 3(4)nm,c=1.350 4(9)nm,β=100.656 0(10)°,晶胞内分子数为4.作为配体4-甲基吡啶不与苯甲醛发生缩合反应.     

Leukotrienes are potent constrictors of human bronchi

Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is released by various stimuli, including immunological challenge, and has long been considered an important mediator of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as bronchoconstriction in allergic asthma. Recently, slow reacting substances from several tissues have been identified and characterized as members of a newly discovered group of substances, the leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are generated from arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in a pathway initially involving a lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation at C-5 (Fig. 1). This differs from the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, where the initial transformation of arachidonic acid is catalysed by a cyclo oxygenase (Fig. 1). Recently, leukotriene C4(LTC4:5(S)-hydroxy,6(R)-S-glutathionyl-7,9-trans, 11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid) and D4(LTD4:5(S)-hydroxy,6(R)-S-cysteinyl-glycyl-7,9-trans,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid) were found to have biological effects in several bioassay systems, which are strikingly similar to those previously reported for impure extracts of SRS-A. Here we report the remarkable contractile activity of both LTC4 and LTD4 on isolated human bronchi, which further emphasizes the possibility that leukotrienes are potent mediators of bronchoconstriction in man.     

四面体络离子(CrO_4)~(4-)电子顺磁共振g因子的理论计算

用四面体络离子(CrO4)4-g因子完全高阶微扰公式计算了Ba3Ge2O7晶体g因子,与双SO耦合参数模型相比,荷移模型计算的g因子与实验值更接近。荷移模型获得的g因子与实验值的差仅为0.0003,而双SO耦合参数模型获得的g因子与实验值的差高达0.0249。