离子液体分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱分析苹果中有机磷农药残留

建立了苹果中有机磷农药残留多组分同时定量分析的离子液体分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱分析(IL-DLLME-HPLC)方法.以[C₆MIM][PF₆]离子液体为萃取剂,甲醇为分散剂,对样品体积、萃取温度和萃取时间等萃取条件进行优化.结果显示,苹果样品中哒嗪硫磷、对硫磷、倍硫磷和伏杀硫磷4种有机磷在20～2 000μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,检出限为5.7～8.4μg/kg,加标回收率在85.3%～101.1%范围内,富集倍数为246～273.该方法回收率和富集倍数高,适用于苹果中有机磷农药残留的多组分同时分析.     

超声提取-分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定绿茶中有机磷类农药残留

应用超声辅助提取和分散固相萃取前处理方法结合气相色谱（配火焰光度检测器）建立了绿茶中13种有机磷类农药残留的快速分析方法.5 g茶叶样品用20 m L乙腈（含1%乙酸）超声辅助提取后,以石墨化炭黑与伯仲胺混合型固相分散净化,高速离心后氮吹浓缩复溶,过滤膜,用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器进行检测.在0.02-0.10 mg/kg的添加水平,13种有机磷农药的平均回收率是84.78%-116.72%,相对标准偏差是0.12%-9.32%,检出限是0.000 8-0.01 mg/kg.本方法简便快速,准确性好,成本低,该方法已用于市面上销售的绿茶产品中有机磷类农药残留测定,结果均低于国家标准GB 2763—2012的最大残留量要求.     

基质固相分散萃取测定茶叶中农药多残留初探

文章建立了一个简单快速、能同时分析茶叶中多种农药残留的新方法。采用一种新的样品前处理方法——基质固相分散(Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion,MSPD)萃取替代传统的液-液萃取、固相萃取,从茶叶中提取、净化14种常用农药残留,采用GC-FPD分析检测;14种农药的回收率在65.4%~110.6%之间,相对标准偏差小于19.3%,LOD为5.0~30.0μg/L,LOQ为25.0~100.0μg/L。     

DSPE-GC/MS快速检测葡萄酒中52种农药残留

利用分散固相萃取GC-MS分析,建立了葡萄酒中52种不同极性农药残留的快速检测方法.葡萄酒样品用酸化乙腈经振荡提取和超声辅助提取后,上清液用混合吸附填料进行分散固相萃取净化,高速离心后,再通过氮吹方式浓缩,复溶,过滤膜,用GC/MS检测.与传统前处理方法相比,分散固相萃取技术在检测成本和处理速度上有很大优势.52种农药在3个浓度添加水平上的加标回收率范围是60%~110%,RSD15%(n=5),定量限是0.000 7~0.032 3 mg/kg.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定广西传统用药苦玄参中有机磷农药残留

采收广西梧州大坡苦玄参种植基地、广西龙州县种植的苦玄参为样品,经干燥、粉碎,加入石油醚-丙酮(2:1)超声提取,提取物通过活性炭,Florisil硅土柱净化后,用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS法)测定苦玄参药材中甲胺磷、敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、甲拌磷、乐果、杀螟硫磷、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱8种常用有机磷农药的残留.结果显示未检出有机磷农药残留,标准工作曲线r在0.990～0.997,线性良好,样品加样回收率为92.22%～108.9%.本实验说明采收的苦玄参作为原料药材,在存放一段时间后,未检出有机磷农药残留量,该药材可以放心使用.本次试验为快速、方便地检测苦玄参中有机磷农药残留提供了可行的方法.     

金银花中有机磷农药残留分析及其冲泡过程迁移模型研究

为确保消费者饮茶安全,建立了QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS快速测定金银花和其茶汤中6种有机磷农药(对硫磷、倍硫磷、特丁硫磷、治螟磷、丙溴磷、灭线磷)残留的检测方法。金银花和茶汤分别经乙腈和乙酸乙酯提取、盐析离心、混合净化剂(10mg MWCNTs、15mg PSA、150mg无水硫酸镁)净化、0.22μm滤膜过滤后,供GC-MS/MS检测。结果表明:金银花和茶汤中,有机磷农药在1~1000μg/kg和1~1000μg/L呈现良好的线性关系,R²>0.991;在4个添加水平下,回收率在67.2%～110.3%,相对标准偏差小于19%(n=6);金银花和茶汤中,有机磷农药定量限分别为1μg/kg和1μg/L。在此基础上,深入研究了金银花在冲泡过程中6种有机磷农药的迁移预测模型,表明农药迁移率(TR) 与农药的正辛醇-水分配系数(Kow)关联性较大,由此获得预测模型为lg TR=-0.5362lg Kow+3.9152(lg Kow＞3),R²= 0.914,拟合度较好;而农药迁移率与水溶解度(Ws)并未表示出关联性。该检测方法和迁移模型的建立将有利于更深层次认知农药化学污染物在金银花浸泡过程中的迁移行为,以期为制定金银花中有机磷农药最大残留限量标准提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法检测三七中有机磷农药残留

文章采用固相萃取—气相色谱的方法检测三七样品中的有机磷类农药残留。采用超声法提取,并用弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,用氮磷检测器进行检测,最后用外标法定量。5种有机磷杀虫剂的回收率范围为73.66%～112.22%,相对标准偏差（RSD）范围为2.94%～4.31%,在5个三七样品中检出了乐果和敌敌畏,没有检测到甲胺磷、对硫磷、辛硫磷。该方法快速、准确,可用于三七中有机磷农药残留的分析。     

SPE-UHPLC测定淀粉及淀粉制品中丁烯二酸类酸度调节剂

建立固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定淀粉及淀粉制品中的顺丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸酐和反丁烯二酸含量的检测方法。样品经ProElut PWA混合型弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相色谱分析,采用Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3色谱柱,洗脱液为(磷酸)=0.10%水溶液与甲醇的体积比为98∶2,检测波长214nm,流速0.2mL·min-1。在此条件下,顺反丁烯二酸分离良好且无杂质峰干扰,样品加标回收率83.81%～108.03%,相对标准偏差(n=8)小于10%,顺丁烯二酸和反丁烯二酸的定量限为0.25mg·kg-1,能够满足实际检测需要。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中42种残留农药

粉碎后的茶叶使用乙腈超声提取,再经石墨化碳固相萃取柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)的选择离子监测（SIM）方式和外标法定量方法,同时分析测定了茶叶中的42种农药(12种有机氯、9种拟除虫菊酯、20种有机磷和戊唑醇)残留量。该方法回收率在62.5%～120.1%之间,相对标准偏差小于15.1%,42种农药的检出限最低为0.3μg/kg,最高为9.2μg/kg。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,各项技术指标满足国内外农药残留检测的要求,能够应用于茶叶试样中痕量农药残留的分析。     

水产品中有机磷农药多残留的固相萃取-气相色谱串联质谱测定

通过比较不同的提取剂和吸附剂对水产品的净化效果和对质谱基线的影响,建立一种有效的水产品中有机磷农药多残留的气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)方法。用正己烷对样品进行提取处理,采用N-丙基二乙胺(PSA)和硅胶柱进行固相萃取,用GC-MS/MS多反应离子监测(MRM)模式测定。结果表明,在5～200μg·L-1范围内,28种有机磷农药的峰面积与对应的质量浓度间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R20.996 8,方法的定量限(S/N=10)为0.2～7.9μg·kg-1,在大黄鱼中各农药的回收率为67%～99%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在5.3%～13.6%(n=6)之间,在南美白对虾中各农药的回收率为73%～106%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.6%～12.8%(n=6)之间。该方法较为灵敏、准确、简便,可用于检测水产品的有机磷农药残留情况。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with