大学生创新能力培养的思路与途径

提高人才培养质量,培养大批创新型人才,探索并制定出一套适合当代大学生创新能力培养的思路与途径,是广大教育工作者必须面对的问题.当前,制约大学生创新能力培训的主要因素有教学理论偏移、课程设置存在缺陷、学生培养共性制约强、学籍管理制度和对学生的评价制度不尽合理.因此,应通过创新教育观念、改革课程体系、加强实践环节、调整评价体系、改革授课和考试方法等途径,培养学生创新能力.     

培养大学生创新能力的五大策略

建设创新型国家,培养大批创新型人才应是我们的战略选择。大学生是国家和民族宝贵的人才资源,其创新能力的高低在很大程度上决定国家未来的创新力和竞争力,因此探讨大学生创新能力培养具有重要意义,本文从环境、观念、教学、实践、评价机制等五个方面对此作一探讨。     

新建本科院校实践教学改革方案初探

实践教学是大学本科教学的重要部分,对于大学生动手能力的培养、大学生综合素质的提高起着关键的作用。新建本科高校应进行实践教学改革方案的设计研究,通过科学设计实践教学体系、合理安排实践教学内容、规范考核评价等途径,全方位加强实践教学环节。     

高校非计算机专业学生创新能力的培养

培养大学生实践能力、创新能力和综合素质,已成为高校教学改革的关键,培养具有"计算机文化"素养的创新型人才成为计算机基础教育的目标,对于非计算机专业学生创新能力的培养也同样重要,为此,从计算机基础教学的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、实验教学等诸多环节,研究和探索非计算机专业学生的创新能力的培养.     

工程训练对大学生实践创新能力培养的探索

在大众创业、万众创新的形势下,高校必须提高当代大学生的实践创新能力,而工程训练中心是培养大学生实践创新能力的重要基地;实践教学是高校教学体系的重要组成部分,是培养学生创新能力及实践创新人才的主要手段。结合西北民族大学工程训练中心的实践教学具体情况,从完善工程实践教学平台、合理的师资结构、设备资源开放、营造良好的创新环境、激发学生的创新兴趣、启迪探索精神、培养学生的自主创新能力,在创新型人才培养的基本模式、方法、教学内容、手段等方面进行改革与创新,树立新的创新型人才培养理念、创新培养模式,建立和营造良好的实践教学环境等方面提高大学生实践创新能力的培养。     

智能模糊评估信息体系在实践教学中的应用

实践环节的教学是培养创新型人才的重要一环,而正确评估学生在实践学习中的学习效果,又是培养创新型人才的重要措施.利用智能模糊评估信息体系评价学生在实践学习中的学习效果,更能正确客观地评估学生在实践教学中的学习成绩.将智能模糊评估信息体系的数学模型做成电脑软件,用微机处理繁杂的数据,是教学测评工作的重要环节.     

以培养学生创新能力为目标的计算机教学改革的思考

建立创新型国家,需要培养大批的创新型人才。只有加强培养大学生的创新能力,学生参加工作才具有可持续发展的能力。如何培养大学生具有较强实践和创新能力,必须改革传统的计算机教学模式,强化实验环节,积极参与课外科技活动,培养学生构建计算机应用系统的能力。     

应用型工科人才实践能力培养的研究

本文研究了现代大学生的能力结构,并针对应用型工科人才的定位提出了合理的能力结构,指出自学能力和实践能力的重要性;从改进实践教学体系、优化实践教学环节、强化毕业设计等三个方面提出了加强应用型工科人才实践能力培养的具体措施。     

光电类专业学生实验创新能力培养的探索与实践

21世纪人才培养的重点是培养既有扎实的理论基础,又有实际动手能力和创新能力的当代大学生。大学生创新能力的培养是当前高等教育中的一项重要任务,研究和探索培养创新能力的模式是高校教育的一项重要课题。实验教学作为高等院校素质教育的基本教学环节,是培养学生创新能力的有效途径。通过多年的教学实践,总结出适合培养高素质创新型人才的实验教学模式。     

以培养学生创新能力为目标的计算机教学改革的思考

建立创新型国家,需要培养大批的创新型人才.只有加强培养大学生的创新能力,学生参加工作才具有可持续发展的能力.如何培养大学生具有较强实践和创新能力,必须改革传统的计算机教学模式,强化实验环节,积极参与课外科技活动,培养学生构建计算机应用系统的能力.     

Subsurface macro-inclusions and solidified hook character in aluminum-killed deep-drawing steel slabs

Subsurface macro-inclusions and hooks are detrimental to the surface quality of deep-drawing steel sheets. However, little is known about the relationship between macro-inclusions and hooks. Thus, in this work, two ultralow carbon (ULC) steel slabs and two low carbon (LC) aluminum-killed steel slabs were sampled to study the relationship between hooks and subsurface macro-inclusions, which were detected on the cross-sections of steel samples with an area of 56058 mm2 using an automated scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. Results show that subsurface inclusions larger than 200 μm were almost entrapped by hook structures, whereas the location of other inclusions smaller than 200 μm had no obvious dependence on the location of solidified hooks. Furthermore, the number density (ND) of subsurface inclusions larger than 200 μm decreased from 0.02 to 0 cm-2 in ULC steel as the mean hook depth decreased from 1.57 to 1.01 mm. Similar trends were also observed in LC steel. In addition, the detected inclusions larger than 200 μm were concentrated in the region near the slab center (3/8 width-5/8 width), where hook depths were also larger than those at any other locations. Therefore, minimizing the hook depth is an effective way to reduce inclusion-induced sliver defects in deep-drawing steels.     

Effects of basicity and MgO content on the viscosity of the SiO2-CaO-MgO-9wt%Al2O3 slag system

The effects of basicity and MgO content on the viscosity of SiO2-CaO-MgO-9wt%Al2O3 slags with basicity from 0.4 to 1.0 and MgO content from 13wt%to 19wt%were investigated using the rotating cylinder method. A correlation between the viscosity and the slag structure was determined by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. It is indicated that the complex network structure of the slag melt is depolymerized into simpler network units with increasing basicity or MgO content, resulting in a continuous decrease in viscosity of the slag. The viscosity is strongly dependent on the combined action of basic oxide components in the slag. Under the present experimental conditions, increasing the basicity is found to be more effective than increasing the MgO content in decreasing the viscosity of the slag. At higher temperatures, the increase of basicity or MgO content does not appreciably decrease the viscosity of the slag, as it does at lower tem-peratures. The calculated activation energy of viscous flow is between 154 and 200 kJ＆#183;mol-1, which decreases with an increase in basicity from 0.4 to 1.0 at a fixed MgO content in the range of 13wt%to 19wt%.     

Influence of Te doping on the dielectric and optical properties of InBi crystals grown by directional freezing

Stoichiometric pure and tellurium (Te) doped indium bismuthide (InBi) were grown using the directional freezing technique in a fabricated furnace. The X-ray diffraction profiles identified the crystallinity and phase composition. The surface topographical features were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The energy dispersive analysis by X-rays was performed to identify the atomic proportion of elements. Studies on the temperature dependence of dielectric constant (?), loss tangent (tanδ), and AC conductivity (σ_ac) reveal the existence of a ferroelectric phase transition in the doped material at 403 K. When InBi is doped with tellurium (4.04 at%), a band gap of 0.20 eV can be achieved, and this is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared studies. The results thus show the conversion of semimetallic InBi to a semiconductor with the optical properties suitable for use in infrared detectors.     

Microstructure, crystallography and nucleation mechanism of NANOBAIN steel

The microstructure of bainite ferrite in NANOBAIN steel transformed at different temperatures was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, and vickers hardness tester in detail. It is found that the average width of bainitic ferrite (BF) plates can be refined to be thinner with the reduction of temperature (473–573 K), and the bainitic ferrite plates can reach up to 20–74 nm at 473 K. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the bainitic ferrite laths are close to the Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation relationship with their parent austenite. Temperature shows a significant effect on the variant selection, and a decrease in temperature generally weakens the variant selection. Thermodynamic analyses indicates that the Lacher, Fowler and Guggenheim (LFG) model is more suitable than the Kaufman, Radcliffe and Cohen (KRC) model dealing with NANOBAIN steel at a low temperature range. The free energy change ΔGγ→BF is about ?1500 J·mol?1 at 473 K, which indicates that nucleation in NANOBAIN steel is the shear mechanism. Finally, the formation of carbon poor regions is thermodynamically possible, and the existence of carbon poor regions can greatly increase the possibility of the shear mechanism.     

Cache performance optimization of irregular sparse matrix multiplication on modern multi-core CPU and GPU

This paper focuses on how to optimize the cache performance of sparse matrix-matrix multiplication （SpGEMM）.It classifies the cache misses into two categories：one is caused by the irregular distribution pattern of the multiplier-matrix,and the other is caused by the multiplicand.For each of them,the paper puts forward an optimization method respectively.The first hash based method removes cache misses of the 1 st category effectively,and improves the performance by a factor of 6 on an Intel 8-core CPU for the best cases.For cache misses of the 2nd category,it proposes a new cache replacement algorithm,which achieves a cache hit rate much higher than other historical knowledge based algorithms,and the algorithm is applicable on CELL and GPU.To further verify the effectiveness of our methods,we implement our algorithm on GPU,and the performance perfectly scales with the size of on-chip storage.     

A study on the characterization of smoke movement in shafts with different fire source positions

In this study, experimental and numerical simulation methods were combined to simulate the changing course of the temperature and velocity fields in nine different fire scenes. The characteristics of smoke movement in shafts with different fire source position factors （h/H） were quantitatively investigated, and the non-dimensional fitting function between the fire source position factors and the maximum temperature was deduced. The results showed that the location of the neutral plane moved upward as the fire source rose, and all the generated smoke spread to the upper areas; however, there was barely any smoke in the lower areas. The maximum temperature was inversely proportional to the fire source position factor; the higher the source position is, i.e. the higher the ra- tio factor is, the lower the maximum temperature is in the shaft. The experimental verification of the fire dynamics simulator （FDS） showed good results.     

Full-scale model tests and nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete simply supported box girders

Full-scale model tests were carried out on a 30 m span prestressed concrete box girder and a 20 m span prestressed concrete hollow slab. Failure models were prestressed reinforcement tensile failure and crashing of roof concrete, respectively. The ductility indexes of the box girder and hollow slab were 1.99 and 1.23, respectively, according to the energy viewpoint. Based on the horizontal section hypothesis, the nonlinear computation procedure was established using the limited banding law, and it could carry out the entire performance analysis including the unloading, mainly focusing on the ways to achieve the unloading curves computation through stress-strain, moment-curvature and load-displacement curves. Through the procedure, parameters that influence on the bearing capacity, deformation performance and ductility of the structures were analyzed. Those parameters were quantity of prestressed reinforcement and tension coefficients of prestressed reinforcement. From the analysis, some useful conclusions can be obtained.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of （Ti,AI,Zr）N/（Ti,AI,Zr,Cr）N films on cemented carbide substrates

（Ti,Al,Zr）N/（Ti,Al,Zr,Cr）N bilayer films were deposited on cemented carbide （WC-8%Co） substrates by multi-arc ion plating （MAIP） using two Ti-AI-Zr alloy targets and one pure Cr target. To investigate the composition, morphology, and crystalline structure of the bilayer films, a number of complementary methods of elemental and structural analysis were used, namely, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Adhesive strength and mechanical properties of the films were evaluated by scratch testing and Vickers microindentation, respectively. It is shown that the resulting films have a TiN-type face-centered cubic （FCC） structure. The films exhibit fully dense, uniform, and columnar morphology. Furthermore, as the bias voltages vary from -50 to -200 V, the microhardness （max. Hv001 4100） and adhesive strength （max. 〉 200 N） of the bilayer films are superior to those of the （Ti,Al,Zr）N and （Ti,Al,Zr, Cr）N monolayer films.     

The HITCR-I： Evaluation on a free gait generation method for the hexapod robot on irregular terrain

The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate a method of free gait generation for HITCRI,a hexapod walking robot.The HITCR-I is designed as a modularized structure of legs that is based upon a four-bar linkage mechanism and with force sensors in the tip of legs,distributed hardware structure and a modular software structure of the control system.Based on a set of local rules between adjacent legs,finite state machine （FSM） model is built to control the coordination of legs.An automatic smooth transition of gait pattern is achieved through deriving the mathematical relation between gait pattern and locomotion parameters.The disordered inter-leg phase sequence is adjusted to a regular state smoothly and quickly by the local rules based FSM,and the gait pattern can transform automatically adapting to irregular terrain.The experiment on HITCR-I has demonstrated that it can walk through irregular terrain reliably and expeditiously with the free gait controller designed in this paper.     

Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Cu-15Ni Alloy

In order to improve the mechanical property and Cl-+S2-corrosion resistance of B15 copper-nickel alloy,Cu-15Ni-xRE(x:0-0.1%by weight)alloy was prepared by adding rare earth(RE)in melted Cu-15Ni alloy using metal mould casting method.Optical microscopy(OM),electronic tensile testing machine,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and electrochemical testing system were used to analyze mechanical property,corrosion resistance property,and surface microstructure of different treatment samples.The results of OM and tensile testing show that the RE addition can effectively deoxidize the alloy melt and the microstructure of the alloy changes from coarse dendrite to small equiaxed grain.By addition of 0.05%RE,the tensile strength and elongation of Cu-15Ni alloys are improved from 294 MPa to 340MPa,and 8%to 33.5%respectively.The results of electrochemical testing show that the corrosion resistance of Cu-15Ni alloy is greatly improved by adding proper amount of RE,whereas excess addition of RE worsens the corrosion resistance.The optimum RE content was about 0.05%by weight.In comparison with the alloy without RE,the corrosion potential and corrosion current density of Cu-15Ni alloy containing proper RE decreased by about-0.28 V and 70A/cm2,respectively.