具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

度量空间中的KKM定理及其应用

引入一类具有性质（Ｈ）的度量空间,将著名的ＫＫＭ定理推广到此类空间上,作为应用,证明了具有性质（Ｈ）的度量空间上的不动点定理、非空交定理、极大极小定理、鞍点定理、匹配定理及截口定理。     

关于n维情形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理

利用度量几何的理论与方法，研究了n维欧氏空间旷中n维单形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理问题，建立了n维情形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理，作为其特例得到三角形的Menelaus定理与Ceva定理。     

Mcshane积分的LSRS收敛定理的新扩展

在Mcshane积分的LSRS收敛定理中建立了M-积分的LSRS收敛定理,并证明了该定理的条件比Lebesgue积分的控制收敛定理条件弱.本文首先证明一个引理,进一步证明了定理1,由此阐述了Mcshane积分的LSRS收敛定理中的定理比Lebesgue积分中Vitali收敛定理条件更弱,从而使Vitali定理成为LSRS定理的推论.     

动力系统的遍历性

给出遍历性及唯一遍历的几个等价条件.主要结果是定理4、定理6及定理7.并利用定理4给出定理5的一个证明.定理6及定理7给出唯一遍历的等价条件,定理7的证明采用的是泛函分析的方法.     

关于积分中值定理的一些见解

本文给出了第一积分中值定理以及第二中值定理,并从较强的条件和较繁的证明给出了第一积分中值定理的推广以及从中值点所存在的范围推广积分第二中值定理,并在较强条件下给出了一个简单的证明,得到推广后的第一、第二积分中值定理的结果是原来的[a,b]改为(a,b),其余结果不变。最后同样给出了积分中值定理的一个相关问题,然后给出了较为复杂的证明过程。     

无穷时滞RFDE解的存在性及其对初始函数的可微性

本文建立了无穷时滞RFDE解的存在性定理,改进了文[2]之定理1,并建立了无穷时滞RFDE解对初始函数的可微性定理,完善了无穷时滞RFDE解的基本理论。同时,有界时滞RFDE作为无穷时滞RFDE之特殊情形,本文的结果改进了文[3]关于有界时滞RFDE解的存在性定理(p37),并对文[3]关于有界时滞RFDE解对初始函数可微性定理(pp46-47)给出一严密证明,纠正了文[3]中一个易忽视的证明错误。     

关于连续函数介值性问题的若干讨论

在介值性定理与零点定理的基础上 ,对区间上的连续函数证明了平行弦定理 ,推广了介值性定理和零点定理 ,建立了几个不动点定理。     

两个数论定理的群论证明

从群论的角度再次证明原根定理以及Wilson定理,并给出了Wilson定理的一个推广.     

Cauchy微分中值定理的推广

给出了一个一般形式的微分中值定理,Rolle中值定理、Lagrange中值定理、Cauchy中值定理都作为这一定理的特殊情况。     

抽象凸空间的KKM型定理及其应用

作者比较了FC-空间,GFC-空间与Park提出的抽象凸空间,在抽象凸空间证明了关于KKM(X,Y)簇的一个KKM型定理,利用此定理建立了新的截口定理及重合点定理,并由此得到不动点定理与极大元的存在性定理.