日本蟳Charybdis（charybdis） Japonica（A．Milne－Edwards）繁殖生物学的初步研究Ⅰ

根据卵巢形态及切片组织学观察，把日本蟳的卵巢发育分为六期：未发育期、发育早期、发育期、将成熟期、成熟期及恢复期。分析采集的样本结合调查可知：日本的雌雄比约为１：１，繁殖季节一年二次，即４—５月份和８—９月份，产卵所需的环境条件为Ｔ２０—２８℃，ｄ１．０１５－１．０２０，ＰＨ８．０—８．２，它的产卵量较少，平均产卵量约为８．５万／只。     

丽斑麻蜥（Eremiasargus）繁殖生态的研究

从１９８９年４月到１９９１年１０月在呼和浩特平原对（Ｅｒｅｍｉａｓａｒｇｕｓ）繁殖生态作了研究，其性腺活动随季节而变化．多数雌性成年个体７月份产卵，年平均产卵３枚．卵在沙土中自然孵化，孵化期１个月左右，幼体８月份孵出．     

蛇鮈的产卵习性及胚胎发育

蛇　每年３～４月产卵，产卵下限温度１２℃．产卵环境特点：微流水，底质为卵石和沙质的浅水河滩．集群产卵，繁殖群体的性比为♀：♂＝８：１．卵微粘性，卵径１．０～１．１ｍｍ，比重略大于水．在水温１５．０～１８．３℃条件下，观察了胚胎及胚后发育过程：受精后１ｈ６ｍｉｎ，胚盘形成；再过２５ｈ４ｍｉｎ后，胚孔封闭．从受精到孵化历时８１～８２ｈ，初孵仔鱼全长４．５ｍｍ．孵出后第１０ｄ，卵黄囊消失，全长６．４ｍｍ．讨论了蛇　卵的类型和配对方式等问题     

断翅圈养白枕鹤的繁殖

断翅白枕鹤通过选定配偶、隔离圈养，于１９８６年在无锡市锡惠公园动物园繁殖成功，至今已形成较大种群，并初步掌握了白枕鹤的繁殖规律．配对多年的白枕鹤繁殖季节逐年提早，二月底即可产卵．亲鹤自孵自育情况下，年产１窝，窝卵数为２枚，产卵间隔日为２～３ｄ，孵卵期为２８～３０ｄ．采取人工孵化或人工育雏的方法可缩短窝间隔时间，年产２～３窝，甚至４窝．人工孵化的关键是温度控制，人工育雏的关键是雏舍温度、卫生，雏鹤开食，饲料质量，日食量和疾病防治．     

鲶胚胎发育及温度对其影响的研究

鲶成熟卵圆球形,透明,绿黄色或草绿色,卵径平均１．２０ｍｍ。属沉性卵,具微粘性。受精卵可在９．０￣３３．０℃之水温下正常孵化,当水温２１．８￣２４．５℃时,孵化时间为５６ｈ２４ｍｉｎ,卵化时数及积算温度与孵化水温呈极显著的负相关关系。     

大弹涂鱼受精卵孵化技术

在水温２３．０－２８．０℃,盐度２０．８－２３．５,ＰＨ８．０－８．１的条件下,大弹涂鱼受精卵经９６ｈ胚胎发育后开始孵出仔鱼,孵化时间延长至１６８ｈ。人工授精卵在筛绢网上上的平均孵化率为４．２－２０．５％;在塑料桶内的平均孵化率为３６．３％－７０．６％。     

原尾蜥虎雌性生殖周期的研究

从原尾蜥虎的卵巢重量，输卵管重量，卵巢内最大卵泡的长径，输卵管上皮厚度及输卵管中含卵数的季节性变化，观察了雌性生殖周期，结果表明：卵巢的周期性变化开始于１１月份，冬眠期间卵巢增重缓慢，出蛰后增重加快，到次年６，７月份其重要为最小值，一个周期至此结束。原尾蜥虎一年繁殖一次，每次产卵２枚（偶尔１枚），６，７月份为卵成熟及排卵的高峰期，而孕卵、产卵的高峰期是６￣８月份。     

树栖型苍鹭生态习性研究

１９９８、１９９９年２月－１０月，在辽宁省进阳县对苍鹭的生态习性进行了观察研究，该鸟在辽宁省夏候岛，敏年最早２月２６日迁来，最晚９月２８日迁离，居留期２１０天左右，产卵始期为３月２１日，隔日一枚，窝卵数５枚－６枚，产出第１枚卵后开始孵化，孵化期２４天－２６天，孵化率９２．３％，幼鸟为晚成岛，育雏期４０天左右。     

蛇Ju的产卵习性及胚胎发育

蛇Ｊｕ每年３－４月产卵，产卵下限温度１２℃，产卵环境特点：微流水，底质为卵石和沙质的浅水河滩，集群产卵，繁殖群体性比为♀：♂＝８：１，卵微粘性，卵径１．０－１．１ｍｍ，比重略大于水，在水温１５．０－１８．３℃条件下，观察了胚胎及胚后发育过程，：受精后１ｈ６ｍｉｎ，胚盘形成；再过２５ｈ４ｍｉｎ后，胚孔封闭，从受精到孵化历时８１－８２ｈ，初孵仔鱼全长４．５ｍｍ，孵出后第１０ｄ，卵黄囊消失，全长６．４ｍ     

散放黑天鹅的繁殖

黑天鹅分布于澳洲南部,全身黑色,初级飞羽白色,嘴为红色,属于大中型游禽,体重5～7.5公斤,成对活动栖息。上海地区除7～9月停产外,全年其他月份均能繁殖。每窝4～8枚卵,隔日产卵。卵椭圆形青灰色,重250～300克,孵化期35～38天。黑天鹅以植物性食物为主,兼食少量昆虫。上海野生动物园在大面积湖泊散放混养各类游禽,每日定点饲喂,任其自由择偶交配,选址筑巢产卵,并采取自然孵化与人工孵化相结合的方式提高繁殖数。黑天鹅一般选择四周环水的小岛筑巢,材料以水草、稻草和一些杂草构成。孵化期雌雄轮流抱孵。孵化7～10天后取出人工孵化,可刺激其提早产下一窝卵。一般每年可人工取出3～4窝卵,6月份产最后一窝由亲鸟自然孵化至出壳,这样可大大提高繁殖率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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