Effect of orotic acid on liver glycogen of different animal species

Summary The effect of orotic acid on the liver glycogen content in the mice, frogs and catfish was studied. It was observed that the orotic acid significantly increases the glycogen content in the liver of mice and catfish as it does in rats. On the other hand it causes a fall of the glycogen level in frogs in experiments made both in autumn and spring. This effect was modified by amino acids administrated together with orotic acid.     

Effects of alloxan on orotic acid and glycogen content in various vertebrate species.

Alloxan treatment induces a decrease of orotic acid content in various organs of carp, frog, pigeon and rat, parallel to a decrease of liver and muscle glycogen content. Loss of orotic acid and glycogen cannot be prevented by orotic acid and carbamyl phosphate given i.p. Mice, rats and pigeons use up and excrete exogenous orotic acid rapidly, but carps and frogs accumulate it.     

Effects of alloxan on orotic acid and glycogen content in various vertebrate species

Summary Alloxan treatment induces a decrease of orotic acid content in various organs of carp, frog, pigeon and rat, parallel to a decrease of liver and muscle glycogen content. Loss of orotic acid and glycogen cannot be prevented by orotic acid and carbamyl phosphate given i.p. Mice, rats and pigeons use up and excrete exogenous orotic acid rapidly, but carps and frogs accumulate it.     

Incorporation of [14C] amino acids into liver S-RNA of chick. Effect of orotic acid and vitamin B12

Riassunto La somministrazione dietetica di vitamina B₁₂ e di acido orotico determina un aumento della incorporazione dellal-serina C¹⁴ nello RNA solubile del fegato di pulcino carente di B₁₂, mentre non è in grado di influenzare quella dellal-leucina¹⁴C e dellal-metionina¹⁴C.     

Carcinogenesis in different animal species by diethylnitrosamine

Zusammenfassung Die hepato-cancerogene Wirkung von Diäthylnitrosamin konnte an 11 verschiedenen Tierarten in chronisch-toxikologischen Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden. Die zur Krebserzeugung benötigten Gesamtdosen liegen bei allen Tierarten in der gleichen Grössenordnung. Auch beim Menschen ist eine leberkrebserzeugende Wirkung von Diäthylnitrosamin sehr wahrscheinlich.     

Effect of urethan on the glycogen and RNA content of liver parenchymal cells. A cytophotometric study

Résumé Utilisant la méthode cytophotométrique on a observé l'accroissement du glycogène et la réduction de ARN dans le foie de souris soumises au traitement toxique par l'uréthane.     

[3H]Formate incorporation into liver nucleic acids of chick. Relationships between orotic acid and vitamin B12

Riassunto E' stato studiato l'effetto dell'acido orotico sull'incorporazione di formiato-H³ nei nucleotidi liberi totali e negli acidi nucleici presenti nelle frazioni subcellulari del fegato di pulcino carente di B₁₂. La maggiore attività specifica dell'RNA nucleare e ribosomiale che si osserva negli animali trattati con acido orotico come in quelli trattati con vitamina B₁₂ potrebbe essere considerata l'espressione di una più elevata sintesi di RNA messaggero determinata da queste due sostanze.

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This investigation was supported by a grant from Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma.     

Effect of retinoic acid on liver transglutaminase activity and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice.

Transglutaminase (TGase) activity in the cytosol fraction of the mouse liver increased following intraperitoneal injection of retinoic acid. Retinoic acid inhibited the carbon tetrachloride-induced increase in serum alanine transaminase activity. These findings suggest that TGase is involved in the effect of retinoic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage.     

Serum and liver radioactivity levels in mice after intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection of [14C]orotic acid

Summary [¹⁴C]Orotic acid was rapidly distributed in blood after, both i.p. and s.c. injection but was not completely absorbed from the peritoneal cavity until 20 min after injection. S.c. injection should be an acceptable alternative to i.p. injection although the incorporation into the liver acid soluble- and RNA-fractions was somewhat delayed after the s.c. injection.This work was supported by grants from the Carl Trygger Foundation and the Foundation of Director Albert Påhlsson.     

Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid on hypercholesterolemic liver

Zusammenfassung Fütterung mit 3-hydroxy-3-Methylglutarsäure (HMG) führt bei hypercholesterin-ämischen Ratten zu einer bedeutenden Senkung des Leber-Cholesterinspiegels. Gleichzeitige Verabreichung von HMG und Cholesterol oder von Cholesterol allein ergab eine geringe Zunahme des Cholesterolspiegels im ersten Fall. Die histopathologische Leberuntersuchung zeigte, dass HMG-Behandlung eine schnelle Normalisierung der Fettveränderungen verursachte, ohne dass toxische Wirkung auf die Zellgewebe auftrat.     

Effect of riboflavin deficiency on in vivo incorporation of C14 from labelled alanine into liver glycogen

Zusammenfassung Männliche Albino-Ratten, die während 45 Tagen mit Riboflavin-armer Kost ernährt wurden, zeigten erhöhten Glykogengehalt in der Leber, verbunden mit einer gesteigerten Aufnahme von C¹⁴ aus Alanin-1-C¹⁴ im Leberglykogen. Die Befunde lassen auf erhöhte Glykoneogenese in der Leber Riboflavin-armer Ratten schliessen.     

Kinetic behaviour of microsomal styrene monooxygenase and styrene epoxide hydratase in different animal species

Summary The apparent K_m and V_max values of styrene epoxide forming monooxygenase and styrene epoxide hydratase have been evaluated in the liver microsomes of male rats, mice, guinea-pigs and rabbits. Epoxide hydratase gave much higher and more uniform K_m values than the monooxygenase in the species considered.Acknowledgments. This work has been partially supported by the Fondazione Valenti (Milano). To whom enquiries should be addressed.     

Effect of acute administration of triiodothyronine in chicken. Liver glycogen depletion and amino acid incorporation to proteins

Summary Single injections of thyroid hormone (T₃) produce liver glycogen depletion in chickens. This effect cannot be suppressed by protein synthesis inhibitors and is previous to the hormone-induced increase in protein synthesis.     

The influence of phenobarbital on the glycogen concentration of rat liver

Résumé On a constaté qu'une injection du phénobarbital provoque la diminution de la concentration du glycogène libre de 34% et la diminution du glycogène total de 22,6% seulement 24 h après leur injection. La répétition des injections du phénobarbital diminue le glycogène libre respectivement de 36% et de 28%, le glycogène lié de 46% et de 27%, et le glycogène total de 41% et 24%.     

Effect of retinoic acid on liver transglutaminase activity and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice

Transglutaminase (TGase) activity in the cytosol fraction of the mouse liver increased following intraperitoneal injection of retinoic acid. Retinoic acid inhibited the carbon tetrachloride-induced increase in serum alanine transaminase activity. These findings suggest that TGase is involved in the effect of retinoic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage.