抗冻（糖）蛋白聚合吸收模型（部分二）：热滞的定量结果和生长速率

分析了抗冻溶液中冰晶界面层的特性，给出了热滞的定理结果，定量计算了冰晶生速率，解释了抗蛋白溶液中冰晶生长的各向异性特点和生长速率，这些结果与实验数据很好地符合。     

热滞蛋白活性的化学动力学的进一步研究

根据热滞蛋白溶液中抗冻分子与冰晶表面相互作用特点，提出了热滞蛋白在冰晶表面吸附的动力学理论，导出了热滞蛋白活性的表达式．计算了各种热滞蛋白溶液的热滞值，得到了与实验结果符合较好的结论，并讨论了热滞蛋白分子在冰晶表面吸附反应过程中的协同效应     

鱼抗冻多肽溶液中冰晶生长习性

分析了鱼抗冻多肽分子的结构特点和鱼抗冻多肽溶液中抗冻多肽分子（ＡＦ（Ｇ）Ｐ）与冰晶表面的相互作用机理．提出了鱼抗冻多肽溶液中的冰晶生长理论．合理地解释了冰晶生长的各向异性习性．并给出了周期性键链理论的一个定量形式．     

热滞蛋白界面吸收反应的动力学描述

通过热滞蛋白在冰晶表面吸附反应的动力学过程，给出了热滞蛋白活性与其溶液浓度的关系．理论结果与实验数据较好地符合．     

鱼抗冻蛋白溶液的热滞与蛋白分子量的关系

分析了鱼抗冻糖蛋白的抗冻机理，根据冰晶生长理论和Ｆｌｏｒｙ的大分子溶液理论，导出了抗冻糖蛋白的热滞（熔点与冰晶生长点之差）与抗冻糖蛋白的分子量的关系，结果与实验数据较好地符合。     

抗冻糖蛋白(AFGP1-5)溶液中自由生长条件下冰晶生长激活能的计算

根据冰晶生长速率理论，计算了抗冻糖蛋白（ＡＦＧＰ１－５）溶液中自由生长条件下冰晶生长的激活能．这种定量计算对研究抗冻糖蛋白溶液中冰晶生长习性有重要意义．     

极区鱼的抗冷冻机理

鱼抗冷冻蛋白和抗冷冻糖蛋白有抗冻功能，本文阐述并讨论了各种抗冻机理学说。本文在预测了ＡＦＰⅠ、ＡＦＰⅡ和ＡＦＰⅢ的二级结构并分析了ＡＦＰ三级结构的特点基础上，计算了抗冷冻蛋白的热滞，得出了与实验相符结论．     

第一类热滞蛋白HPLC-6热滞活性的研究

应用二维刚性粒子流体模型计算了第一类热滞蛋白溶液中HPLC-6分子在冰晶表面吸附的覆盖度,得到了覆盖度与溶液浓度的关系.应用拉普拉斯方程计算了由冰晶表面吸附的HPLC-6分子影响使冰晶表面曲率发生变化而产生的附加压强,并根据一级Gibbs-Thomson方程得到了相应浓度下由此附加压强造成的热滞温度,理论计算结果与实验结果符合较好.     

鱼抗冻糖蛋白AFGP7－8的热滞研究

分析了鱼抗冻糖蛋白（ＡＦＧＰ７－８）的结构特点及在溶液中的特性，计算了ＡＦＧＰ７－８溶液的热滞，理论结果与实验数据较好地符合．     

热滞蛋白界面吸附反应的协同性效应

在热滞蛋白与冰晶表面吸附的动力学过程的基础上,进一步考虑热滞蛋白界面吸附的协同性效应,得到热滞蛋白浓度与其热滞活性的理论关系,并计算了有效协同系数的值;同时,由吸附速率常数对温度的变化获得了热滞蛋白激活能,理论结果与实验较好符合．     

Ice growth in supercooled solutions of antifreeze glycoprotein

Inhibition of ice growth in supercooled solution by certain proteins is vital to the survival of many living organisms. Some fish, native to both subzero northern and southern waters, have special proteins or glycoproteins in their blood serum that inhibit ice formation. Whereas these proteins have only a very small effect on the melting temperature of ice, the temperature of these fish can fall to nearly 1 K below the melting point before ice crystals grow. This phenomenon is called freezing hysteresis, in contrast to the normal colligative effect of solutes that depresses the equilibrium temperature, around which small changes lead to crystal growth or melting depending on sign. Some insects also exhibit a serum freezing hysteresis. We report the effects of different degrees of supercooling on the habit and rates of growth of ice crystals from solutions of these antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs). We find that the crystallization rate is up to five times greater than that in pure water.     

植物冰结构蛋白的功能机制及其应用

冰结构蛋白是具有热滞效应、冰晶形态效应和重结晶抑制效应的蛋白质.介绍了最近的抗冻蛋白的分类,植物冰结构蛋白作用机制,植物冰结构蛋白与其它病程相关性蛋白或酶的同源性,冰结构蛋白与冰晶间的相互作用,热滞效应和抑制重结晶作用,及其在生产中的应用.     

抗冻蛋白的研究进展及其在食品工业中的应用

抗冻蛋白是一类具有热滞效应、冰晶形态效应和重结晶抑制效应的蛋白质,因其特殊的结构和功能,抗冻蛋白引起了研究人员的极大兴趣.探讨了近年来抗冻蛋白的研究进展,介绍了目前已知的抗冻蛋白的来源、特性、测定方法、基因结构及在食品工业中的应用.抗冻蛋白对冷冻食品有显著的品质改良功能,是未来冷冻食品工业中极具潜力的抗冻添加剂.     

"表面互补"模型--抗冻蛋白通用的分子机理

抗冻蛋白(antifreeze protein,AFPs)是一类能控制冰晶生长和抑制冰晶之间发生重结晶的蛋白质,能在结冰或亚结冰条件下保护生物体不受伤害.AFPs具有两种明显不同的活性--热滞活性和重结晶抑制活性.AFPs虽然在氨基酸序列、物种来源和高级结构等方面具有很大的差异,但都能通过吸附作用与特定的冰晶表面相结合,从而表现出相应的抗冻活性.AFPs与冰晶结合的分子机理主要有"氢键结合"模型和"表面互补"模型,而后者具有更强的优势,已逐渐发展成AFPs通用性的分子机理.目前已测定或建模了三维结构的AFPs都能与冰晶的特定表面形成表面互补,但形成这种表面互补的各种作用力还有待于进一步的研究.     

Inhibition of bacterial ice nucleators by fish antifreeze glycoproteins

Certain bacteria promote the formation of ice in super-cooled water by means of ice nucleators which contain a unique protein associated with the cell membrane. Ice nucleators in general are believed to act by mimicking the structure of an ice crystal surface, thus imposing an ice-like arrangement on the water molecules in contact with the nucleating surface and lowering the energy necessary for the initiation of ice formation. Quantitative investigation of the bacterial ice-nucleating process has recently been made possible by the discovery of certain bacteria that shed stable membrane vesicles with ice nucleating activity. The opposite effect, inhibition of ice formation, has been described for a group of glycoproteins found in different fish and insect species. This group of substances, termed antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), promotes the supercooling of water with no appreciable effect on the equilibrium freezing point or melting temperature. Substantial evidence now indicates that AFGPs act by binding to a growing ice crystal and slowing crystal growth. As the ice-nucleating protein surface is believed to have a structure similar to an embryonic ice crystal, AFGPs might be predicted to interact directly with a bacterial ice-nucleating site. We report here that AFGPs from the antarctic fish Dissostichus mawsoni inhibit the ice-nucleating activity of membrane vesicles from the bacterium Erwinia herbicola. The inhibition effect shows saturation at high concentration of AFGP and conforms to a simple binding reaction between the AFGP and the nucleation centre.     

Beta-helix structure and ice-binding properties of a hyperactive antifreeze protein from an insect

Insect antifreeze proteins (AFP) are considerably more active at inhibiting ice crystal growth than AFP from fish or plants. Several insect AFPs, also known as thermal hysteresis proteins, have been cloned and expressed. Their maximum activity is 3-4 times that of fish AFPs and they are 10-100 times more effective at micromolar concentrations. Here we report the solution structure of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) AFP and characterize its ice-binding properties. The 9-kDa AFP is a beta-helix with a triangular cross-section and rectangular sides that form stacked parallel beta-sheets; a fold which is distinct from the three known fish AFP structures. The ice-binding side contains 9 of the 14 surface-accessible threonines organized in a regular array of TXT motifs that match the ice lattice on both prism and basal planes. In support of this model, ice crystal morphology and ice-etching experiments are consistent with AFP binding to both of these planes and thus may explain the greater activity of the spruce budworm antifreeze.     

抗冻蛋白的作用机制及基因工程研究进展抗冻蛋白的作用机制及基因工程研究进展汪少芸

分析了抗冻蛋白的作用机制及基因工程的研究进展.抗冻蛋白是一类具有热滞效应、冰晶形态效应和重结晶抑制效应的蛋白质.近些年的工作主要集中在该类蛋白质抗冻机制及基因工程的研究上.抗冻蛋白具有广泛的应用前景,它不但可以应用于食物的冷鲜贮存及移植器官的低温保存,还可通过转基因提高经济作物的抗冻能力.     

电子辐照CuZnAl形状记忆合金马氏体稳定化的研究

用能量 1.7MeV不同注量的电子辐照CuZnAl形状记忆合金样品 ,通过循环水冷的方法 ,将辐照控制在马氏体相进行 .实验结果表明 ,样品被辐照处理后 ,其马氏体相变温度和相变滞后 ,以及相变特征温度T0 都随辐照注量的增大而升高 ;当辐照注量在 6 .30× 10 2 0 m- 2 ～ 1.89×10 2 1m- 2 时 ,其相变温度变化渐趋平缓 .作者认为 ,这是由于电子辐照产生的点缺陷造成了马氏体相点阵畸变 ,从而诱生了马氏体稳定化