具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

求真务实:先进精神文化意义上的系列新维度

胡锦涛提出的要在全党大力弘扬的求真务实精神,有着精神文化上的多重性,是一个高度综合的富有感召力的先进文化理念,有必要全方位地加以认识、理解和实践。具体应把握以下六个“度”：传统意义上的新厚度、现实意义上的新强度、内涵意义上的新深度、外延意义上的新广度、思想意义上的新高度、实践意义上的新力度,等等。     

语篇分析评估循环模式下的视角切面

视角作为构建语篇的一种意义资源,涉及叙述者的定位、聚焦、心理、观念等,是理解语篇的重要因素之一,从更高层面制约语篇的衔接与连贯。文中在语篇分析评估循环模式下,讨论视角选择、视角表现、话题与视角;探寻语篇视角中的时间切面、空间切面、心理切面和观念切面如何在语气和情态上得到体现,实现对言语资源的更合理的理解和评价。视角切面研究有助于挖掘视角在语篇人际意义方面的贡献,从而为语篇整体意义研究提供新的视野。     

关于亏格大子零的紧致黎曼曲面上的割迹

S.B.Myors证明了对亏格为零的紧致黎曼曲面的割迹C(p)上任一点q,在作为有限单纯复形的C(p)中从9点出发的一维胞腔的数目等于从p到q的极小测地线的数目。[2]用新的方法改进了其证明。本文证明了对亏格大于零的情形,相应的结论仍然成立。     

九运会体育馆钢屋盖预应力拉索施工技术

广州体育馆是新建成的第九届全国运动会用大型室内运动场，主场馆平面由两个对称的弓形组成，纵轴长160m，横轴长110m，屋面板全部为透光阳光板，屋盖为空间钢结构，在大跨度钢桁架之间采用了施加预应力的拉索支撑，与采用型钢支撑相比，拉索支撑内无压力，美观，而且有利于运动场采光，是一种新颖的先进结构，由于施加预应力，后批张拉时会对先行张拉的钢索内力有影响，屋架安装用支撑的拆除也会对已经张拉完成的钢索内力有影响，于是选择合理的钢索体系以及如何建立合适的钢索永存拉应力，对于本工程的施工既重要又是难点，文中介绍了该工程拉索的施工与检测技术。     

白描的潜能——《受戒》语言形象之一

白描，作为一种文学语言表现方式。在《受戒》中得到传承与发展。在传达白描语言的描形、写意、传神语言功能时。汪曾祺将绘画中的骨相比法融入其中，创造出一种简约、空白的语言诗学魅力，而平等视角又将白描对象置于温婉世情当中，体现抒情诗人的人间情怀。《受戒》语言更高的艺术成就在于白描对境界、氛围的营造，其中又深蕴着道家的审美观与语言观。     

分级粗糙集和分级知识约简

Pawlak 粗糙集模型认为一个元素要么属于一个集合,要么不属于该集合,要么可能属于该集合,把可能属于该集合的元素的全体称为边界.Pawlak 粗糙集模型对边界的研究较少.文章认为对边界的隶属度差别较小的元素以同一个量级属于边界,从而可按一个对象对边界的隶属量级对边界进行划分.基于这一思想提出了分级粗糙集模型和分级最大分布约简、分级分布约简的概念.给出了这两种约简的判定定理及辨识矩阵以及相应的核属性的等价条件.分级粗糙集模型推广了Pawlak粗糙集及变精度粗糙集模型.     

白描的潜能——《受戒》语言形象之一

白描,作为一种文学语言表现方式,在《受戒》中得到传承与发展。在传达白描语言的描形、写意、传神语言功能时,汪曾祺将绘画中的骨相比法融入其中,创造出一种简约、空白的语言诗学魅力,而平等视角又将白描对象置于温婉世情当中,体现抒情诗人的人间情怀。《受戒》语言更高的艺术成就在于白描对境界、氛围的营造,其中又深蕴着道家的审美观与语言观。     

神话逻各斯--解读《德意志观念论体系的源始纲领》以及浪漫“新神话”

《德意志观念论体系的源始纲领》是德国观念论与浪漫派的开篇之作。作为一种征兆，它指向一个时代，归属于由多个作者构成的“星丛”，呈现了观念论与浪漫派之间互动涵濡的“观念单元”。德意志观念论与浪漫主义思潮初登历史堂奥，就注定要置身于神话与理性的生死纠结之中。以神话来完成逻各斯，将启蒙进行到底，便是观念论与浪漫派的志业，这份志业表述在浪漫主义“理性的神话”提案之中。而与之相联系的“感性宗教”提案，就是一个变形的灵知教义神话，一个变形的神话逻各斯。观念论与浪漫派所膜拜的“灵”同灵知主义藉以超越世界而寻求不朽神性的“灵”，存在着血脉传承的关系。所谓“人类最后的伟业丰功”，乃是“新神话”的终结，染上了浓烈的乌托邦色彩，甚至可以说是神话-逻各斯-教义三者互相涵濡彼此杂糅而成的幻象体系。     

浅析和谐社会下高校民主决策中的教授治校

高校作为高级知识分子集聚的地方，是科教兴国、人才强国的策源地和意识形态的重要阵地，在和谐社会的构建过程中，发挥着重要的作用。构建和谐校园，是构建和谐社会在高校的体现和要求，而构建和谐校园的题中意之一就是要提高高校决策的民主化水平，形成科学的决策机制。教授治校，则是高校民主决策体制中重要的组成部分。     

基于SWMM的小区排水能力校核及低影响开发解决措施

以武汉市青山区某居住小区为例,对该小区的排水管网进行合理概化,构建基于SWMM的水力模型,以1 a、3 a、5 a为重现期校核排水管网系统的排水能力。通过模型计算,该小区排水能力不符合现行的武汉市排水设计规范。在1 a、3 a、5 a重现期下该小区溢流节点随之增加,不同重现期下溢流节点所占比为40%、52%、64%。针对该小区排水能力不足的问题,通过3种不同低影响开发(LID)组合方案的措施,对该小区进行了改进。结果显示,1 a、3 a、5 a重现期下无节点发生溢流,降低了管网排水压力,满足了现行排水设计规范。