具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备及其在药物控释中的应用

以戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,壳聚糖作为聚阳离子组分,海藻酸钠作为聚阴离子组分,制备了壳聚糖(CS)海藻酸钠(SA)水凝胶。探讨了改变溶液的pH值和交联剂用量等条件对两种水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。交联剂含量、pH对CS-SA水凝胶溶胀率的影响较大,且在酸性条件下的水凝胶的溶胀率远大于碱性条件下的溶胀率,包埋在此水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白(BSA)释放随载药介质的pH值的变化而显著不同,pH值为1.0条件下载药的水凝胶释药率大于pH值为7.4,9.18条件下的释药率。     

丙烯酸水凝胶的pH敏感性研究

测定并研究了各种丙烯酸水凝胶的ｐＨ溶胀曲线及其影响因素。实验表明：随着交联剂含量，单体浓度的增加，会使凝胶的最大溶胀比显著减弱。这可能是网络中非高斯短链及勾结链增多的原故。     

pH敏感性壳聚糖/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水凝胶的制备及其性能

合成了pH敏感性壳聚糖/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮水凝胶,研究了室温下该水凝胶在不同pH介质中的溶胀比.结果表明,在酸性溶液中凝胶的溶胀比远大于碱性溶液中的溶胀比,且其在不同pH溶液中重复可逆溶胀收缩.     

温度敏感性共聚凝胶polyNIPAAm/X辐射合成及应用

用γ辐射共聚方法制备了以NIPAAm为主要单体成分,分别含酸性单体AAc、中性单体N-vp、AAm和碱性单体4-vp 的共聚水凝胶,并给出了其最佳合成条件。产物性质测定表明它们均具温度敏感性和适宜的物理性能,其中poly(NIPAAm/AAc) 还具pH敏感性,在pH=11时最大溶胀比约为350倍。用上述共聚水凝胶对稀水溶液中UO₂²⁺离子进行浓集、分离的初探,结果表明只有poly(NIPAAm/AAc) 能有效浓集稀水溶液中的UO₂²⁺离子,并讨论了浓集条件和浓集机理。     

智能海藻酸钙/PNIPAAm互穿网络水凝胶微囊制备研究

以海藻酸钙凝胶为聚合模板，过硫酸铵/偏重亚硫酸钠氧化还原引发剂体系、自由基水溶液法聚合制备了温度敏感和pH敏感的海藻酸钙/聚N异丙基丙烯酰胺（CA/PNIPAAm）互穿网络水凝胶微囊。并研究了引发剂用量、单体量、单体/海藻酸钠配比、缓冲液pH值等因素对该互穿智能水凝胶温度敏感和pH敏感性的影响。结果表明：该互穿凝胶微囊对pH/温度具有敏感溶胀性，可望作为口服药物缓释制剂的载体。     

疏水缔合共聚物的合成及溶液性质

 采用自由基胶束聚合法成功制备了丙烯酰胺(AM)/甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)/2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)三元疏水缔合共聚物(HAPAM).考查了引发温度、单体质量分数、表面活性剂含量、疏水单体含量、单体配比以及引发剂浓度对共聚物表观黏度的影响,在聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)大分子主链上引入阴离子基团和疏水基团后,阴离子的电黏效应与疏水基团的疏水缔合作用相互协同,使得共聚物水溶液的黏度明显提高.利用FTIR光谱对共聚物结构进行表征,用RF-5301型荧光分光光度仪研究证实了共聚物在水溶液中的缔合行为.采用Brukerfiled流变仪对所合成的疏水缔合共聚物水溶液的流变行为进行研究.     

丙烯酰胺与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物水凝胶的合成与性能研究

以Ｎ,Ｎ’－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用溶液聚合法合成丙烯酰胺／Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物水凝胶．研究了合成条件对水凝胶溶胀度和凝胶强度的影响,并用该水凝胶来浓缩蛋白质稀溶液．     

NIPAAm系共聚温敏凝胶的溶胀与释药性能

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)系共聚凝胶为研究对象,通过引入亲水单体丙烯酰胺(AAm)和疏水单体甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)制备PNIPAAm,P(NIPAAm-co-AAm)和P(NIPAAm-co-BMA)3种具有不同亲水性的共聚凝胶,研究NIPAAm系共聚凝胶对亲水性不同的2种模型药物的载药与释药行为。研究结果表明:NIPAAm系共聚凝胶呈现热缩温敏特性,在相转变温度(LCST)以下,随着凝胶亲水性的增强,凝胶的LCST升高,平衡溶胀比和初始溶胀速率增大;亲水性药物水杨酸钠的载药率提高,而增强凝胶的疏水性则有利于提高水杨酸的载药率;水杨酸和水杨酸钠的初始释药速率均增大,水杨酸钠初始释药速率明显大于水杨酸初始释药速率。对于亲水性相对较弱的水杨酸,高温下的平衡释药率明显小于低温下的平衡释药率,而对亲水性较强的水杨酸钠,PNIPAm共聚载药凝胶高温和低温平衡释药率相差不大;在温度低于LCST时,3种凝胶对于水杨酸的平衡释药率相差很大,而对于水杨酸钠的平衡释药率均为100%。     

聚甲基丙烯酸/碳纳米管杂合水凝胶的制备、结构及溶胀性研究

通过自由基交联聚合的方法制得了新型的聚甲基丙烯酸/多壁碳纳米管(PMAA/MWCNT)杂合水凝胶。研究了碳纳米管含量对水凝胶的结构与溶胀性能的影响。实验结果表明,通过调节MWCNT的含量,可以使得PMAA/MWCNT杂合水凝胶表现出了更高的膨胀性和更强的pH敏感性。     

PDMAA/Clay纳米复合水凝胶的制备与性能

以无机黏土为交联剂,采用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂制备了新型的聚N,N ＇-二甲基丙烯酰胺/黏土(PDMAA/Clay)纳米复合水凝胶,作为对比,采用过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂制备了相对应的水凝胶.对两种纳米复合水凝胶的结构、形态、溶胀行为和力学性能等进行了研究.试验表明,黏土的结晶结构均已被破坏,黏土规整的片层被剥离并在凝胶中无序分布,起到交联剂的作用.随着黏土含量的增加,水凝胶的溶胀速率和溶胀度降低.采用AIBN制备的PDMAA/Clay水凝胶具有更好的韧性及更高的断裂强度,其断裂伸长率可达1 800％以上,而KPS制备的水凝胶的断裂伸长率在1 200％左右.