不同隙宽条件下L形裂隙水头损失试验

根据室内模拟试验,研究了水流流经L形裂隙时水头损失随裂隙宽度、裂隙中水流流速变化的规律。研究结果表明：水流流经L形裂隙的水头损失随隙宽的增大而增大,与水流流速之间呈二次函数关系;综合分析不同隙宽条件下L形裂隙水头损失与流速之间的二次函数关系,显示此函数关系的二次项系数与隙宽之间呈线性关系,一次项系数与隙宽之间呈二次方关系,最终得到L形裂隙水头损失与隙宽及流速之间的经验公式。     

岩溶管流水力学模型的典型研究——以后寨地下河为例

岩溶区，地下管道中的水流不符合渗透定律，当岩溶管道被地下水充满形成承压管流系统，在性质上类似有压管路水流，因而应当采用水力学的原理对岩溶水运动进行描述。本文推出了有裂隙水均匀入渗时地下河管道沿程水头损失计算公式，并提出了岩溶管道等效直径的计算方法。用水力学模型对管道系统计算等效直径及预测管道水头损失值，与实测值基本一致，这些结果是可以接受的。研究成果表明，应用水力学原理解决岩溶管流区地下水运动问题具有良好的前景。     

存气水平管道分层流动阻力分析与实验研究

对存气水平管道的水头损失进行研究．推导了存气水平管道分层流动的压降计算式,在有机玻璃水平管中进行了相关实验,提出了存气管道分层流动水头损失与满管流水头损失的比值关系．研究表明：存气水平管道压降计算式的计算值与实验值较好吻合;相同流速下,随着气体积聚量的增加,水头损失先略微下降后逐步升高;水平管道气体积聚量与水流流速相关,随着流速增大,积聚量减少;液相折算流速、管道直径对存气管道分层流动水头损失与满管流水头损失的比值影响不大,其比值趋于同一曲线．     

岩溶管道的折算渗透系数取值探讨

为完善岩溶管道的折算渗透系数计算方法,基于Izbash指数方程,在考虑了局部水头损失和沿程水头损失的条件下推导了岩溶管道的折算渗透系数公式,并通过建立弯折岩溶管道模型验证该方法的合理性。基于此弯折岩溶管道模型,采用单因素分析法,讨论了4种流态分区(层流区、水力光滑区、第二过渡区和水力粗糙区)下折算渗透系数对水流的雷诺系数、岩溶管道直径和弯折角度以及岩溶管道计算长度的响应。结果表明:(a)岩溶管道较短时,大雷诺系数和水流边界条件的急剧变化会产生较大的局部水头损失,此时推导的考虑局部水头损失的折算渗透系数可以较好地反映实际情况。(b)岩溶管道直径对折算渗透系数的影响最大;雷诺系数只在层流区影响较大,其他3个流态区雷诺系数、弯折角度和岩溶管道计算长度的影响与管道直径相比较小。     

基于CFD的管道流动局部水头损失系数的数值计算

本文利用FLUENT软件对几种常见模型管道在k-ε湍流情况下的流场、压力场进行了数值模拟,并根据数值模拟结果对突扩管的局部水头损失系数进行了修正。结果表明:对于突扩管在同一雷诺数下,随着管径比值(前程管径与后程管径之比D1/D2)的不断增大,局部水头损失及损失系数均减小;而随雷诺数的增大,突扩管流场中的局部水头损失系数逐渐增大。     

底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室水力特性三维数值分析

为了研究底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室复杂水力特性,通过构建底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室结构的三维数值计算模型,分析了典型流态下调压室的水流流态特性、分流/合流流态下局部水头损失系数与分流比的关系、正常运行工况下水流流经调压室底部的水头损失系数和水头损失特性,并推导得到了水流全部流进/流出调压室的水头损失系数和流量系数转换公...     

供水管道水头损失产生原因及计算

水流在运动过程中克服水流阻力而消耗的能量称为水头损失，根据边界条件的不同把水头损失分为两类：对于平顺的边界，水头损失与流程成正比的称为沿程水头损失，用hf表示；由局部边界急剧改变导致水流结构改变、流速分布改变并产生旋涡区而引起的水头损失称为局部水头损失，用hj表示，两者的计量单位都为米。     

节流孔径对静压圆弧槽干气密封端面流场影响的数值模拟

应用SolidWorks软件分别建立4种不同节流孔径静压干气密封三维几何模型,并运用Gambit软件对4种模型分别进行网格划分.利用Fluent软件对端面流场进行数值模拟,得到流场的压力分布、速度分布以及泄漏量、气膜开启力.同时对节流孔直径与气膜推力泄漏量比值进行优化,获得最佳结构参数.数值结果表明:端面压力在节流孔处最高,向四周逐渐下降,密封气在流经节流孔后形成显著的压力降,随节流孔径的增大泄漏量上升;随节流孔径的增大气膜推力增大.     

垂直管道中固液两相流动摩擦损失

本文运用两流体模型,提出计算垂直管道中固液两相流动摩擦损失的“双向”耦合数值方法。通过数值计算,研究固相颗粒直径、密度、浓度和液相速度对摩擦损失的影响。计算结果表明,摩擦损失随固相颗粒直径、密度、浓度和液相速度的增大而增加。本文的计算结果与试验值基本吻合。     

侧式进/出水口水流运动三维数值模拟

采用Realizable κ-ε双方程紊流模型对侧式进/出水口水流运动进行数值模拟，研究了体型对进／出水口水头损失和孔口附近流态的影响，指出了扩散段水平扩散角和整流段长度对水头损失和孔口流态的决定作用．最后给出进流工况自由水面随库水位变化情况．计算结果和试验结果基本吻合．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.