荒漠植物沙柳(Salix psammophila)根围AM真菌时空分布

为探明荒漠植物沙柳(Salix psammophila)根围AM真菌时空异质性,2009年5月、8月和10月分别从内蒙古荒漠植物沙柳根围分0～10,11～20,21～30,31～40和41～50 cm 5个土层采集土壤样品,研究了AM真菌时空分布及与土壤因子的相关性.结果表明,沙柳根围AM真菌平均孢子密度为282个/1...     

道地药材白芷根际AM真菌的生态学

2006年10月在河北省安国市的4个样地,从0~10、10~20、20~30和30~40 cm 4个土层采集白芷根际土样,系统研究白芷根际AM真菌空间分布和土壤因子之间的相关性.结果表明,白芷能与AM真菌形成良好的共生关系.白芷具有Paris型菌根.AM真菌不同结构定殖率和孢子密度与样地生态条件密切相关.AM真菌不同结构定殖率在齐村最高,孢子密度在郭北庄最高,采样深度对孢子密度和AM真菌定殖率有显著影响,在10~20 cm或20~30 cm土层出现最大孢子密度;AM真菌定殖率在0~10 cm或20~30 cm土层有最大值.总定殖率与土壤有机质呈显著正相关,孢子密度与土壤速效N呈显著正相关,土壤pH与AM真菌泡囊定殖率呈显著负相关.菌根定殖率与孢子密度之间没有显著相关性.土样中AM真菌有球囊霉属(Glomus)、无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)和盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora).     

河北峰峰矿区构树AM真菌物种多样性及生态适应性

为探究河北峰峰矿区构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)真菌物种多样性及其对污染环境的生态适应性,2016年10月从峰峰矿区义井镇、界城镇与峰峰镇样地采集构树根围0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层土壤样品,系统研究AM真菌种质资源、生态分布以及与土壤因子的相关性.共分离鉴定AM真菌8属43种,其中无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)和球囊霉属(Glomus)为广谱生态型属,网状球囊霉(G.reticulatum)、稀有内养囊霉(Entrophospora infrequens)、凹坑球囊霉(G.multiforum)为广谱生态型种.义井镇AM真菌香农-威纳指数、均匀度和种丰度最高,界城镇最低.峰峰矿区重金属镉和锌含量超标.相关性分析可知,孢子密度与总球囊霉素极显著正相关,与土壤碱解氮显著正相关,与镉含量显著负相关,土壤总球囊霉素与有机碳显著正相关,与镉含量显著负相关.峰峰矿区构树部分地区部分AM真菌孢子具有颜色深、表面网纹间隔致密等生态适应性特征,有利于AM真菌在污染土壤中分布和活动.     

蒙古沙冬青AM真菌物种多样性与土壤因子的相关性

为了探明蒙古沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)根围AM真菌物种多样性年际变化规律以及土壤因子的生态功能,于2012年7月和2013年7月从宁夏银川、沙坡头和甘肃民勤3个样地分别从O～10,10～20,20～30,30～40,40～50 cm 5个土层对沙冬青根围土样进行采集,共分离鉴定出AM真菌5属36种,其中,球囊霉属Glomus 16种,无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 13种,管柄囊霉属Funneliformis 3种,盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 3种,多孢囊霉属Diversispora 1种.不同样地和土壤深度,AM真菌种类组成、孢子密度和种丰度在年际间均有明显差异.相关性分析表明,孢子密度与土壤酸性磷酸酶和总球囊霉素显著正相关;种丰度与土壤脲酶、有机质和碱解氮显著正相关.主成分分析表明,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶是影响AM真菌物种多样性的主要因子.研究结果说明,AM真菌物种多样性及其分布规律可以用作检测和评价荒漠环境土壤状况的生态指标.     

极旱荒漠植物深色有隔内生真菌定殖及其与土壤因子的相关性

为了探明荒漠环境深色有隔内生真菌(dark septate endophytes,DSE)生态分布和定殖状况,于2016年7月从甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家自然保护区采集膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewaii)、红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、合头草(Sympegma regelii)、泡泡刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)和珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)等5种植物根际和根围0~30cm土层土壤样品和根样,研究了不同荒漠植物DSE定殖及其与土壤因子的相关性.结果发现:5种荒漠植物根系均能被DSE侵染,DSE分布和定殖具有明显的空间异质性,并与土壤因子密切相关;不同根系来源样品DSE定殖率与土壤湿度、脲酶存在极显著负相关性;土壤湿度、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶显著影响DSE定殖强度;植物种类对DSE菌丝定殖率和总定殖率具有显著直接影响,并通过土壤温湿度、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶间接影响DSE定殖.可见,植物种类和土壤因子是影响DSE定殖的重要因素.     

塞北梁地沙蒿根围AM真菌和球囊霉素空间分布特征

以内蒙古青格勒图元上都的典型沙化梁地为研究样地,2013年8月于梁地阳面的底、坡和顶样地,分5个土层(0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~50cm)采集沙蒿根围土壤样品及根样,探讨沙蒿根围AM(arbuscular mycorrhizal)真菌在不同坡位上的空间分布特征及与土壤因子之间的关系,进一步分析风蚀水蚀的影响.结果表明,AM真菌的定殖率和孢子密度与样地和采样深度密切相关,梁底显著高于梁坡和梁顶,随着土层加深,孢子密度显著降低.AM真菌总定殖率平均为82.8%,土壤孢子密度平均为2.86/g.不同样地,随坡位变化,由梁底到梁顶土壤养分含量逐渐降低,梁底土壤有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷含量明显优于梁坡和梁顶;在不同样地间,随土层加深土壤养分含量也逐渐降低;梁底球囊霉素含量明显高于梁坡和梁顶,且随土层加深,球囊霉素含量显著降低.沙蒿根围总球囊霉素在土壤中的平均质量分数为1.570mg/g,在土壤有机碳中的质量分数为21.12%.相关性分析表明,孢子密度及AM真菌总定殖率与土壤湿度、有机碳、有效磷、碱解氮、球囊霉素、磷酸酶呈极显著正相关(P0.01).     

泉州地区28种药用植物根围土壤中AM真菌的分布和侵染情况

调查福建泉州地区28种药用植物根围土壤中丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的分布和侵染情况.依据AM真菌孢子形态的鉴定,分离出AM真菌5属56种,其中优势属球囊霉属35种,黑球囊霉为优势种;27种药用植物能与AM真菌形成良好共生关系,17种药用植物AM真菌侵染强度为5级,土牛膝的侵染率为0.牡荆、络石根围AM真菌种的丰度最高为14,络石的Shannon-Weiner指数最高达到2.09,桫椤的均匀度最高为0.95.结果表明:药用植物根围AM真菌多样性与土壤因子密切相关;Shannon-Weiner指数与电导率极显著正相     

土壤水分和AM真菌对沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的影响

为阐明AM真菌对优良牧草和固沙植物沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的影响,本研究设置70%,50%和30%等3个土壤相对含水量,比较了不同水分条件下接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、接种沙打旺根际土著AM真菌(优势菌种为透光球囊霉G.diaphanum,摩西球囊霉和瑞氏无梗囊霉Acaulospora rehmii)和未接种沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的变化.结果表明:土壤易提取球囊霉素、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶活性和植株干质量随土壤含水量降低而显著下降,土著AM真菌定殖率随土壤含水量降低而显著提高.不同水分条件下,接种AM真菌显著提高了菌根定殖率、土壤易提取球囊霉素、总球囊霉素、蛋白酶和脲酶活性.土壤相对含水量为30%和50%时,接种AM真菌显著增加了土壤有机质、碱解N、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和植株干质量,显著降低了土壤pH值和有效P含量,接种土著AM真菌的土壤总球囊霉素、碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于接种摩西球囊霉的根际土.土壤相对含水量为70%时,接种土著AM真菌显著提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和植株干质量.土壤水分和AM真菌交互作用对植株干质量、菌根定殖率、土壤pH值、养分、易提取球囊霉素、土壤酶有显著影响.研究表明:接种AM真菌能够促进沙打旺植株生长,改善根际土壤理化性质,土著AM真菌菌根效应优于摩西球囊霉.     

野生油茶根围土壤的AM真菌多样性调查

为探明野生油茶根围土壤AM真菌的种类组成与多样性。对野生油茶根围土壤AM真菌进行分离与形态学鉴定,同时提取土壤DNA,进行高通量测序,通过形态学鉴定出3属6种AM真菌,分别为台湾硬囊霉、悬钩子硬囊霉、黄孢球囊霉、长孢球囊霉、蜜色无梗囊霉和柯氏无梗囊霉;通过高通量测序鉴定出球囊霉属、原囊霉属、近明囊霉属等6属42种AM真菌,其中有36个VT种; VTX00166和球囊霉属分别为野生油茶根围土壤AM真菌的优势种和优势属;与形态学鉴定相比,高通量测序能检测出更多的AM真菌种类。     

延大树木园土壤养分及AM真菌分布研究

在延安大学树木园采集7个样点的土壤样品,按0~10,10~20 cm土层深度分析土壤样品理化性质及丛枝菌根真菌孢子密度。结果表明:树木园土壤有机质含量0~10 cm土层为20.74~35.35 mg/g,10~20 cm为8.90~27.39 mg/g;土壤碱解氮含量0~10 cm土层为14.37-29.0μg/g,10~20 cm为5.18~12.57μg/g;土壤有效磷含量0~10 cm土层为4.64~16.21μg/g,10~20cm为3.73~10.72μg/g;土壤速效钾含量0~10 cm为132.27~251.86μg/g,10~20 cm为101.26~170.81μg/g。根据全国第二次土壤普查分级标准,土壤有效磷含量偏低,土壤碱解氮含量缺乏。槐树根围土壤养分最高,裸地各类土壤养分含量均低于植物根围土。AM真菌孢子密度在0~10cm土壤为2.79~10.49个/g干土,最高在槐树根围;10~20 cm土壤为1.73~5.31个/g干土,植物根围孢子密度显著大于无林裸地,树木园土壤孢子密度显著大于农田用地。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that