Study on the Technology of Restoration and Giving a New Lease of Life to the Alpine Grassland Vegetation in the Constuction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

1BasicBackgroundoftheExperi mentalStudy1.1TheBasisandPurposeoftheStudyTheconstructionoftheQinghai TibetRailwayistheensuranceoftheprosperityandsustainable developmentofQinghaiProvinceandTibetAutonomousRegion.Throughscientificandexperimentalstudyandtheapplicationofnew technology,strengtheningtheprotectionofecologicalenvironmentandtherestorationofthesurfacevegetationaftertheconstructionaretheimportantworkcontentofbuildingtheQinghai TibetRailwayintotherailwayofenvironmentalprotection.Ontheq…     

Study on the Technology of Restoration and Giving a New Lease of Life to the Alpine Grassland Vegetation in the Construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

This article gives a summary and analasis to experimental study on the restoration and giving a new lease of life to the alpine grassland vegetation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Through on-the-spot investigation and vegetaion storation experimental study to the constructive fetching soil ground in Tuotuo River experiment section in the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the result shows ： after the activities of the construction, soil conditions on the fetching soil ground have changed a lot, the soil quality has obviously degraded. In order to do well the vegetaton storation and reconstruction in the process of the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the backfilling of the surface soil should really be done well. According to the result of on -the-spot experiment, the Elymus dahuricus Turcz and Poa annua Linn are all more suitable to the fetching soil environment on the alpine grassland, the plant can normally grow in the growing season. The timing selection of the vegetation should fully use feature of both rain and heat in the same season, thus can improve the percentage of success.     

The Impact of Climate Warming on Permafrost and Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Global wanning is an inarguable fact. Permafrost is experiencing a change due to climate warming in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, such as the decreasing of permafrost table, the rising of permafrost temperature, etc. On the basis of analysing the permafrost change under the climate change and engineering action, the thermal regime and spatial distribution of permafrost are predicted for air temperature rising 1℃ and 2.6℃ after 50 years in this paper. The results show that climate change results in the larger change for the thermal regime and spatial distribution of permafrost. Permafrost change will produce the great effect on the Qinghai- Tibet Railway engineering, not only resulting in the decreasing of permafrost table beneath the roadbed, but also resulting in thawing settlement due to the thawing of ground ice near permafrost table. The idea of cooling roadbed and actively protecting permafrost for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway engineering could adjust and control the permafrost thermal state, some better methods are provided to ensure the engineering stability in the areas of warm permafrost and high ice content.     

Experimental Study on Riprap Air-Cooled Roadbed of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The riprap air-cooled roadbed and common roadbed experimental project were designed and carried on in Qingshuihe test filed, an area of warm permafrost category with the fine frozen soil along Qinghai-Tibet Railway, to decide the temperature field of the roadbed after railway construction. Based on ground temperature variation of natural hole, left and fight shoulder＇ s hole, the maximum thawing depth, and the deformation in these two kinds of roadbed were analysed comparatively. It showed that the riprap air-cooled roadbed had better effect of lowering ground temperature, lifting the maximum frozen-thawing depth obviously and decreasing deformation than that of the common roadbed. Therefore, the riprap air-cooled roadbed was a positive frozen soil protection measure for it effectively decreased ground temperature and protected permafrost.     

基于时间序列模型的青藏铁路路基变形预测

为分析青藏铁路路基高程不规则变形,通过建立高程—时间响应模型,基于Box-Jenkins建模方法,确定时间序列模型阶数,根据AIC准则,选取适合的时间序列模型,最后给出批量预测全部路基测点高程的算法步骤。研究了青藏铁路路基高程随时间变形规律问题。结果表明：以2010年—2018年每月青藏铁路K1425+050处左侧路基高程数据为例,建立了ARMA(2,1,1)模型,并以2019年数据作为验证集,模型通过了模型适应性检验,证明了模型的有效性和准确性;总结了青藏铁路沿线各测点至2023年12月预测值中可能出现重大变形以及测点左右两侧路基高程差值出现较大差值的10个危险点;在测点K1476+600附近,路基两侧出现明显长距离的差异。可见本模型能准确预测青藏铁路路基高程的变化,对于工程养护维修具有一定借鉴意义。     

Application and Study on Dynamic Design in Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction

0Preface Permafrostisasoilmediumwhichisextremely sensitivetotemperatureandsurroundingfactors.Themostessentialdistinctionbetweenpermafrost andotherrockorsoilisthatitcontainsground ice.Whileconstructinganystructureson permafrost,twomajorengineeringproblemsmustbesolved:freezingheaveinflationandthawing settlement.TheGolmud LhasaSectionofQinghai Tibet Railway,withatotallengthof1118km,hasa totaldistanceof632kmrunningonpermafrost,outofwhichabout550kmiscontinuous permafrost,82kmispatchypermafrost,9…     

The Features of the Ecological Environment and Protective Solutions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

On29June,2001aninaugurationceremonyfortheQuinghai TibetRailway,aprojectattractingworldwideattention,washeldsimultaneouslyattheCityofGolmudinQinghaiprovince,andtheCityofLhasainTibetAutonomousRegion,indicatingthattheconstructionofthesectionfromGolmudtoLhasaoftheQinghai TibetRailwaywasfullytocarryout.ThePlateauofQinghai Tibethasaveryfragileecologicalenvironment.ThestategaveprioritytotheissueoftheecologicalenvironmentalprotectionintheconstructionoftheQinghai TibetRailway.PresidentJiangZh…     

Study and Application of Health Care Measure in Tunnel Construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

1Overview FenghuoshanTunnelProjectwasakeycontrol projectinQinghai TibetRailwayconstruction.It wasarailwaytunnelofthehighestelevationintheworldwithrailheadlevel4905mandtotallength1338m.Table1Railwaytunnelofhighaltitudeintheworld TunnelnameGuanjiaotunnelYangbajingtunnelKunlunshantunnelJialiertunnelFenghuoshantunnel Sealevelelevation m36984313450046804905NationalityChinaChinaChinaPeruChina Constructiondecade19782003200218932002TheFenghuoshanwasstyled“lifeforbidden zone”.Itsannualaverag…     

Discussion on the Designing Difficulties of Fenghoshan Tunnel on Qinghai-Tibet Railway

1ProjectProfile FenghuoshanTunnelofQinghai TibetRailwaylocatedatthelowerpartofhighmountainous regions,withbigundulatingtopography,well developedsurfaceditches.Themountain,which housesthetunnel,is4996mabovethesealevel.Thetunnelis1338mlong,thealtitudeofthetrackis4900m.Theclimateisoficeandsnow climateofQinghai TibetPlateau,dry,and constantlychanging.Thetemperatureandtheairpressureislow.Springandautumnareshort,the freezingseasonstartsinSeptemberandendsin Aprilnextyear.Accordingtotheobservati…     

Numerical Analysis for Temperature Characteristics of Open Boundary Crushed-rock Embankment on Qinghai-Tibet Railway

At present, in order to protect the stability of permafrost beneath embankment, the crushed-rock embankment, as a new type of embankment structure, has widely been used in the construction of Qinghai- Tibet Railway. Its crushed-rock layer is almost open in tow bilateral boundaries and closed at top and bottom, and air can flow into/out of the ballast layer and crushed-rock layer. Therefore, the convection and transfer heat patterns are very complicated in the ballast layer and crushed-rock layer of the embankment, which are regarded as porous media. In this paper, based on the wind, temperature and geology conditions of Qinghai- Tibet Plateau, a numerical approach of the unsteady two-dimensional continuity, momentum （non-Darcy flow） and energy equations of heat convection for incompressible fluid in porous media is provide to analyse the velocity and temperature characteristics of the crushed-rock embankment with different embankment heights under open boundary condition for the coming 50 years. The calculated results indicate that, due to the influence of the external wind, the convective heat transfer mainly relies on the forced convection in the open crushed-rock emban kment. Even if the air temperature will be wanned up by 2.6℃ in the coming 50 years, it still has a better cooling effect on the underlying soils and a low temperature frozen-soil core is formed in the permafrost below it if the embankment is constructed in the regions whose present mean annual air temperature is - 4.0℃. Furthermore, the cooling effect of high crushed-rock embankment is better than that of low embankment. This results from the fact that the wider bottom of high emban kment has a more influence dimension on the underlying frozen soil. However, cardinal winds on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau disturb its convection pattern, so that an asymmetric temperature distribution occurs under high embankment and it is possible to induce a transverse uneven deformation of emban kment, but no similar situation occurs under low embankment. This asymmetric temperature field problem should be considered when crushed-rock emban kment is designed and constructed.     

青藏铁路清水河地区路堤最小设计高度的计算

在青藏铁路多年冻土区路基的设计中,临界高度和最小设计高度是两个关键指标.本文针对青藏铁路清水河试验段特定条件下的试验路堤进行了研究,分析了路堤高度与上限上升高度的关系,并根据试验所得的路堤临界高度值,计算得到了该地区特定条件下路堤的最小设计高度值.研究表明:①青藏高原清水河地区铁路路堤存在临界高度;②清水河地区铁路路堤的临界高度为0.65 m;③清水河地区铁路路堤的最小设计高度为1.63 m.     

青藏铁路运营期间冻土路基裂缝问题研究

运营期青藏铁路冻土区路基工程最值得关注的变化是不同部位裂缝的发生和发展以及对线路安全运行的影响.通过对不同时期青藏铁路多年冻土区路基工程裂缝发生发展影响因素的分析,认为冻土区路基工程基底地温场的不对称以及基底土体冻融过程不同步是路基工程变形裂缝发生的主要原因,路基坡脚和周围冻土水热环境变化是裂缝发展的拉动力,路基填料性质也是不容忽略的因素;根据运营期间冻土路基热状态和工程状态分析,对运营期青藏铁路冻土路基工程状态进行了初步评价,并提出了减少或消除地温场的不对称及保护路基坡脚冻土环境,从而抑制冻土路基裂缝的工程对策.     

Study on Occupational Health Surveillance System Used during Construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Whencarryingouthealthsurveillancetocertain occupationalgroups,establishmentofobjectivediseaseandmonitoringindexsystemshouldbe mainlyaccordingtothecategoriesofharmfulfactorsandthedegreeofharmtohealthin constructionenvironment[1-2].From2001to2002,naturalenvironmentfactorsincludingairtemperature,airpressure,anddistributive pressureofoxygen,theharmfulproductivefactors,suchasCO,NO,NO2,dustandnoise,andthephysicallaborintensityof38typicalposts arealldetermined.Theresultshowsthatduring altitudeconst…     

Asseessment of the Impact of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the Tourist Scenery in Tibet

Theqinghai TibetPlateauisendowedwithnaturalandgeographicconditions.These conditionsshapeupmanyuniquetouristresources,suchascolorfulgeomorphology,plentifulanduniquewildanimalsandplantsand pureandsimplefolkcustomwithancientculture,etc.Butasthetrafficisnotconvenientandthe trafficcostisveryhigh,toalargeextentthislimitsthedevelomentofthelocaltourism.Thelinesuccessivelypassesthroughtheplacesof culturalinterest,likenaturallyecologicallandscapesandagriculturalareas,semi agriculturalandmemi pastoralar…     

Investigation and Analysis on New Harmful Features Related to Frozen Ground in Permafrost Regions in Qinghai-Tibet Railway

1Introduction Harmfulfeaturesrelatedtofrozengroundaredefinedassuchphysicalandgeographicalfeatures soilhas,whichareharmfultoengineering,triggeredbyfreezingandthawingeffects.Constructingarailwayonpermafrostwill encountermanyharmfulfeatures,andontheotherhand,therailwaybuiltwillgeneratemoreharmful feature,whichmyposeathreattotherailway.So theinvestigationandresearchofthetypes,distributionanddevelopmentcharacteristicsofthe mainsecondaryharmfulfeaturesalongQinghai TibetRailway,toofferguidancetodesi…     

Design of Hygienic Support System ＆ Research of Correlative Technology during Qinghai-Tibet Railway Operation

TheQinghai Tibetrailwayishighestand longestofallplateaurailwaysintheworld.TherailwayfromGermutoLhasaisunder construction,totally1142km.Thesectionof above4000maltitudeis965km,accountingfor84%ofthewholeline.Thehighestaltitudein thissectionis5072m.Fromtheconstructionbeginningin2001,wepaygreatattentionto hygienicsupportsystemusedforQinghai Tibet railway.Staffsintheconstructionovercomethefouleffectoftheinclementnaturalenvironmenton humanhealthandworkingcapacity,suchaslow airpressure,hypoxia,lowt…     

基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示

文章以青藏铁路建设沿线地方文化资源和生态环境保护为研究基础,提出了保护地方文化资源和生态环境是工程师的重要伦理责任,论述了相应的行为指引,指出了加强工程职业自治、展开工程伦理规范建设的必要性.提出了我国工程伦理学规范建设的内容应包括工程决策要兼顾地方群体利益,工程行为要遵循最高伦理标准,加快工程伦理规范建设等方面.     

金属微粒与电极碰撞恢复系数的理论和实验研究

金属微粒是降低气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(GIL,gas insulated transmission lines)绝缘强度的关键因素之一,研究金属微粒与电极的碰撞恢复系数可为微粒陷阱等金属微粒抑制措施提供理论基础。基于弹塑性变形理论,给出了法向恢复系数和切向恢复系数计算公式,并通过碰撞恢复系数测量平台研究了微粒材质特性、微粒直径以及碰撞速度对碰撞恢复系数的影响规律,实验测量结果验证了理论计算公式的可靠性。理论计算和实验测量表明:按金属材质铝、铜、钢的顺序,法向碰撞恢复系数逐渐减小,切向碰撞恢复系数逐渐增大;法向碰撞恢复系数和切向碰撞恢复系数均与微粒直径呈负相关;同一斜碰撞角度下,法向碰撞恢复系数随碰撞速度的增加而减小,切向碰撞恢复系数随碰撞速度的增加先减小后增加,并且不同斜碰撞角度下的法向碰撞恢复系数或切向碰撞恢复系数变化规律类似。文中关于碰撞恢复系数的计算方法可为微粒陷阱等工程设计提供理论支撑。     

青藏高原多年冻土地区不良冻土现象对铁路建设的影响

在青藏高原高海拔地区修建铁路将遇到大片多年冻土 .讨论青藏高原多年冻土的分布规律和不良冻土现象及其对青藏铁路修建的影响 ,提出一个针对铁路建设的工程地质分区方案     

青藏铁路沿线西藏段地质旅游资源开发建议

文章主要介绍了青藏铁路沿线西藏段地质旅游资源及其特征,并提出了开发建议。这对加快青藏铁路沿线西藏段地质旅游资源的勘查和开发利用,增加当地群众收入,促进民族地方经济发展,将起到积极的推动作用。