具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

陈有才诗歌的幽默特色

幽默是文学艺术创作中一种轻松而诙谐的表现笔调,通过讽喻、双关等修辞手法揭露丑恶、批判现实.乡土诗人陈有才诗歌中到处弥漫的幽默特质使他的诗歌具有独特的美学价值.归纳之,其诗歌的幽默特色主要表现在--语言幽默:情感上的幽默;故事幽默:细节上的幽默;意境幽默:构图上的幽默;笔法幽默:冷幽默、热幽默等诸多方面.     

不同周龄、性别、环境下SD大鼠自发病变的病理学研究

目的 观察不同环境下、不同周龄、不同性别SD大鼠的自发性病变发病情况,为药物安全性研究的病理学评价提供背景资料。方法 采用本中心安评试验中空白对照组SD大鼠,雌雄兼用,分别饲养于屏障系统和普通环境中,分别在19、23、32、36周龄等时间点处死解剖,常规制作病理切片,光学显微镜下观察主要组织器官的病理改变,统计动物自发性病变的类型和发病率。结果 与屏障系统相比较,普通环境大鼠呼吸系统的自发病变发生率明显升高;此外,在屏障环境和普通环境饲养条件下,SD大鼠自发病变发生率均随周龄增长而有增加的趋势;同时,少数病变均呈现较为明显的性别差异,其中以进行性心肌病和肾脏矿物质沉着最为明显。病理组织学检查可见进行性心肌病、肝脏灶性炎细胞浸润、肝细胞空泡变性、自发变异肝细胞灶、肺脏灶性炎细胞浸润、肺泡内泡沫细胞聚集、肾脏矿物质沉着、肾间质炎细胞浸润、胰腺萎缩、气管炎细胞浸润、前列腺间质炎症、睾丸曲细精管萎缩、曲细精管生精上皮细胞脱落、子宫内膜炎症和阴道炎症等主要自发性病变。结论 本文报告的SPF级SD大鼠的各种自发性病变的种类及其发生率丰富了实验动物的背景数据资料,可为相关技术人员提供参考。     

魔芋在不同土壤环境条件的含硒量

通过分析从湖北恩施采集的野外魔芋样品和2种土壤加硒盆栽实验的魔芋样品的含硒量,研究魔芋在不同土壤环境中的含硒量、富硒特征及其影响因素.结果表明,随采样点不同,野外魔芋样品的含硒量不同,魔芋球茎和茎叶的最高含硒量为5.58和13.04μg g-1,并与土壤含硒量呈极显著的线性相关,茎叶含硒量高于球茎.盆栽实验条件下,魔芋含硒量与土壤施硒量呈极显著的线性相关,魔芋球茎和茎叶最高含硒量在潮土中为55.6和76.8μg g-1,在红壤中为14.5和21.4μg g-1,茎叶的含硒量显著高于球茎,潮土魔芋的含硒显著高于红壤.魔芋对土壤硒的生物富集系数均表现为茎叶高于球茎,潮土魔芋的生物富集系数高于红壤,土壤施硒的富集系数高于天然含硒土.总之,魔芋能吸收利用天然富硒土和施人到土壤中的硒,土壤类型和土壤硒水平是影响魔芋含硒的关键因素,土壤施硒的有效性高于天然含硒土,潮土施硒的有效性高于红壤.     

考虑局部归一化高度的双分支语义分割网络

归一化数字表面模型是表征地物高度、辅助遥感影像分类的重要特征,但是其片状、精度不稳定的特性制约了分类精度的提升.针对这个问题,该文提出了一种考虑局部归一化高度的双分支输入语义分割网络,一方面设计了一种双分支输入结构,分别提取地物的光谱特征和几何特征,并通过跳跃连接进行特征融合以充分学习地物多模态信息;另一方面提出了一种新的地物高度表征方法,结合深度神经网络受GPU显存限制只能处理较小区域影像的特点,在输入的数字表面模型局部区域内计算高度特征.最后通过在ISPRS标准数据集上对三种网络框架进行对比试验,证明了相较于仅使用光谱影像,该文方法总体精度提升了4.5%～4.7%,比使用归一化表面模型作为高度特征的分类方法具有更高的分类精度、计算效率和自动化程度.     

汉韩语主语省略的类型学分析

文章简要描写了汉语和韩语对话结构和叙述结构中句子主语的省略现象,发现虽然汉语比英语更少使用主语,但却比韩语更多使用主语,尤其是在对话结构中。叙述结构中汉语相邻句中的动词谓语如果不具并列承接性或不具同类性,主语不能省略。相反韩语更多地省略句子主语,尤其是在对话结构中。文章由此推测,汉语和韩语分别属于＂主体＂和＂客体＂为中心的语言,准确地说,＂主体中心＂和＂客体中心＂之间存在一个连续性,汉语是偏向＂主体中心＂的语言。     

广西4个港湾海洋环境质量现状调查

分别在1996年夏冬季对广西沿岸铁山港、廉洲湾、钦州湾、防城湾海洋环境质量现状进行调查,调查测站29个,其中河口区3个,港口区5个,养殖区7个,浅海区14个。调查项目包括PH值、溶解氧、化学耗氧量、油类、Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,无机磷、无机氮、硫化物和有机质。除近岸局部区域外,大部分海域的水质符合一类海洋水水质标准,港湾沉积物和生物体污染较轻,海洋环境质量状况良好。廉洲湾海域的污染要比其他3个港湾的严重。     

不同等级Wistar大鼠四种脏器病理学检查的差异

目的观察普通级及SPF级正常大鼠主要脏器病理切片,为实验动物饲养环境对动物自身疾病的影响提供重要依据,同时了解目前实验室内动物自发病状况,为病理诊断提供SPF级饲养大鼠自发病组织学改变类型及发生率。方法采用常规病理组织学检查,对40只普通级和40只SPF级Wistar种大鼠肝脏、肾脏及心脏病变进行病理组织学观察(另观察39只普通级40只SPF级大鼠肺脏)。结果普通级与SPF级大鼠均检出自发性感染性病变,且存在较大差异,检出率分别为肝94%、42.5%,肾55%、20%,心22.5%、5%,肺支气管旁淋巴组织增生程度92.31%、62.5%。SPF级大鼠依然存在比较轻微的小灶性感染和非正常组织形态改变。结论SPF级大鼠主要脏器潜在感染明显低于普通级大鼠,因此,动物实验室的规范是非常有必要的。SPF级大鼠感染特点①肝、肺较为明显;②感染检出率较高但病变比较轻微。SPF级大鼠在屏蔽条件下可见非实验因素引起的肺、肝、肾与心脏自发性病理改变,在毒性实验中应与试验引发的特异性病理改变加以区分。     

Distribution of ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells in amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri – A study of immunohistochemistry

The distribution of ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells in amphioxus （Branchiostoma belcheri） was investigated by using immunohistochemical staining with rabbit antiserum against synthetical mammalian ghrelin. The results showed that ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells were distributed widely in the nervous system, Hatschek＇s pit, wheel organ, digestive tract and gonads （ovary and testis）. In nervous system, ghrelin-like immunoreactive neurons and their protrusions were distributed specifically on the dorsal side, ventral side and funnel part of brain vesicle, with a few dispersive immunoreactive nerve cells and their fibers in nerve tube. Ghrelin-like immunoreactivities were also detected in Hatschek＇s pit epithelial cells and wheel organ cells, with positive substance located along cell membrane. In digestive tract, ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells existed in hepatic diverticulum, anterior and posterior region of midgut, and could be classified into two types, closed- and opened-type endocrine cells. The number of positive cells was most in hepatic diverticulum, secondary in posterior region of midgut and least in anterior region of midgut. In gonads, ghrelin-like immunoreactive substance was detected in oogonia, oocytes and follicle cells in ovary at the small and large growth stages and in early spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells in testis. The extensive distribution of ghrelin-like cells in amphioxus suggested that these kinds of cells are conservative in evolution and diversified in function. At the same time, we found for the first time that ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells existed in brain vesicle and Hatschek＇s pit, which provided new morphological evidence for the existence of an activation pathway between brain vesicle and Hatschek＇s pit for the regulation of growth hormone excretion.     

湘北地区不同地理环境雷暴活动特征

利用1977—2011年湘北地区岳阳、常德和石门3个国家气象观测站雷暴观测资料,采用核密度估计、线性倾向方法和Mann-Kendall趋势检验分析3种不同地理环境雷暴基本规律与变化情况。结果表明:湘北地区处于不同地理环境的岳阳、常德和石门三地雷暴日数春、夏季多而秋、冬季少,其中石门春、夏、秋季平均雷暴日数最多,岳阳在四季平均雷暴日数最少;三地雷暴日数皆呈减少趋势,其中石门减少最慢且不显著;三地初雷日平均日期在2月中旬,终雷日平均日期在10月中下旬,其中石门平均初雷日最早,终雷日最迟,雷暴期最长,而岳阳雷暴期最短,1977—2011年三地初雷日皆有推后,终雷日皆有提前,雷暴期都在缩短;三地雷暴主要起止于午后至凌晨,岳阳相对均匀,石门与常德相对集中;三地雷暴主要起止于偏西偏南方向,岳阳雷暴起止方位有显著的昼夜差异,尤其是洞庭湖湖面以及湖面与城区交界处雷暴活动昼夜差异显著,石门和常德昼夜差异较小;三地雷暴的起止时间、持续时间和起止方位皆有明显的季节变化。     

仁爱、道爱、兼爱－儒、道、墨爱观比较

儒、道、墨三家之爱作为共同效忠于先秦社会的哲学流派,在人性基础,修养方式,政治思想,爱的最高境界方面存在共同点,然从其各自特性上,不难发现三家之爱在立足点,群已关系,爱的方式,最终目的,意识导向又有其独立之外。无论在理论上还是在实践上,三家之爱都突显了各自的价值。