Subcutaneous transposition of the spleen enhances the survival rate following 90% hepatectomy in rats

Summary The effects of subcutaneous transposition of the spleen (STS) on the survival rate following 90% hepatectomy were investigated in rats. The survival rate was significantly higher in the STS group than in the non-STS group. Light microscopy enabled us to note that congestion in the terminal portal veins and sinusoids occurred either slightly earlier or to a higher degree in the non-STS group.     

Effect of acetylsalicylate on surgical bleeding, postoperative mortality and allograft survival in rats undergoing heart transplantation.

18 rats were treated with L-ASA before heart transplantation and daily thereafter until death or rejection. 22 animals acted as controls. A significantly higher post-operative mortality rate, without any significant modification of the transplant survival time, was found in L-ASA-treated group.     

Achieving continuity: a story of stellar magnitude

Scientists tell a story of 2,000 years of stellar magnitude research that traces back to Hipparchus. This story of continuity in practices serves an important role in scientific education and outreach. STS scholars point out many ways that stories of continuity, like many narratives about science, are disconnected from practices. Yet the story of continuity in stellar magnitude is a powerful scientific achievement precisely because of its connection to practice. The historical development of star catalogues shows how specific recording practices connected past and present in a useful way. The narrative of continuity in stellar magnitude, however else it might be subject to STS critique of narrative, maintains its power because of its connection to practice. I suggest that more attention be paid to connections between practice and narrative in STS, and in particular to the ways that historical practices sustain narratives by connecting past and present.     

Human sulfatases: A structural perspective to catalysis

The sulfatase family of enzymes catalyzes hydrolysis of sulfate ester bonds of a wide variety of substrates. Seventeen genes have been identified in this class of sulfatases, many of which are associated with genetic disorders leading to reduction or loss of function of the corresponding enzymes. Amino acid sequence homology suggests that the enzymes have similar overall folds, mechanisms of action, and bivalent metal ion-binding sites. A catalytic cysteine residue, strictly conserved in prokaryotic and eukaryotic sulfatases, is post-translationally modified into a formylglycine. Hydroxylation of the formylglycine residue by a water molecule forming the activated hydroxylformylglycine (a formylglycine hydrate or a gem-diol) is a necessary step for the enzyme's sulfatase activity. Crystal structures of three human sulfatases, arylsulfatases A and B(ARSA and ARSB), and estrone/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase or steroid sulfatase (STS), also known as arylsulfatase C, have been determined. While ARSA and ARSB are water-soluble enzymes, STS has a hydrophobic domain and is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. In this article, we compare and contrast sulfatase structures and revisit the proposed catalytic mechanism in light of available structural and functional data. Examination of the STS active site reveals substrate-specific interactions previously identified as the estrogen-recognition motif. Because of the proximity of the catalytic cleft of STS to the membrane surface, the lipid bilayer has a critical role in the constitution of the active site, unlike other sulfatases.     

History of science and its utopian reconstructions

In recent years explicitly utopian visions have reappeared across the political spectrum. To a surprising degree these visions have drawn on histories and science and technology. What should scholars of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) make of these developments? The concept of utopia has often been treated with considerable distrust in these fields, as an indication of closed end-directed blueprints, or as an indication of fantasies of limitless technological improvement and purification of categories. Alongside this uneasiness, however, HPS and STS scholars have also projected transformative ambitions, seeking to recover from the past different ways of knowing and relating to the human and non-human world. By engaging with critiques of utopia from thinkers including Karl Popper, Otto Neurath, Bruno Latour, Isabelle Stengers and Donna Haraway, and exploring some of the utopian strands which have recurred in studies of science and technology—including the longing for integration, the association of science with planning, and the ways in which feminist scholars have envisaged alternative forms of science—we can understand the ongoing, and often unrecognised, utopian dimensions of HPS and STS.     

Genetic polymorphisms and intrauterine development. Evidence of decreased heterozygosity in light-for-dates human newborn babies.

In 2 independent samples of low-birth-weight infants the proportion of females and homozygotes for a series of polymorphic systems was higher in light-for-dates than in preterm babies. The observation seems to give support to the hypothesis that homozygosity for 'normal' polymorphisms may decrease in general intrauterine growth rate. Since it is known that survival rate is strongly related to birth weight, a correlation between growth retardation and homozygosity may have a major role in the maintenance of such polimorphisms.     

瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）的临床观察

目的对比观察瑞替普酶（reteplase rPA）与尿激酶用于急性心肌梗死（AMI）溶栓治疗的效果。方法从2006年10月到2008年10月,共收治38例AMI患者,随机接受r—PA或尿激酶溶栓治疗,观察溶栓再通率及不良反应发生率。结果溶栓后2h再通率rPA组为89．47％,尿激酶组68．42％（P〈0．01）。结论瑞替普酶治疗AMI再通率高,疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

Natural selection for resistance to mercury pollution

Summary The survival under conditions of mercury pollution of two natural populations of the marine gastropodCerithium rupestre, derived from mercury-polluted and mercury-free sites, was tested in the laboratory. The results indicate a significantly higher survival rate for animals derived from the mercury-polluted site, in each of six repetitive experiments. We conclude that mercury resistance in marine organisms is reinforced in mercury polluted sites, presumably by natural selection for increased resistance. The evolution of metal tolerance in marine organisms may be as fast as that of metal tolerance in plants and the evolution of industrial melanisms in moths.     

全新结构抗肿瘤药物TNBG对裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制作用及药物毒副作用初步评价

目的观察TNBG对人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制情况,初步评估药物的毒副作用。方法采用裸鼠复制人肝癌移植瘤模型。实验分对照组和给药组,腹腔注射给药,持续5周。治疗期间定期测量肿瘤大小,观察裸鼠生存状况。实验结束时处死裸鼠,测量肿瘤体积计算抑瘤率;眼眶取血,分离血清检测血脂、肝、肾功能;摘取裸鼠肿瘤及主要脏器组织作苏丹Ⅲ染色观察脂质沉积情况。结果TNBG对移植瘤的抑瘤率为60．1％;各实验组裸鼠血脂、肝、肾功检测与对照组比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;苏丹Ⅲ染色显示给药组裸鼠主要脏器组织内无脂质沉积,而肿瘤组织中可见大量脂质沉积。结论TNBG对人肝癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤有较明显的抑制作用,毒副作用小,抗肿瘤作用具有选择性。     

重庆地区冠心病危险因素分析

目的探讨重庆地区冠心病的危险因素及其与冠心病的关系,为本地区冠心病的防治和干预提供科学依据。方法选择疑似冠心病患者458例,根据临床资料和冠状动脉造影分为冠心病组和非冠心病组,分析危险因素和冠心病的关系。结果 (1)冠心病组男性、高龄、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病和血脂紊乱的比例明显高于非冠心病组(P0.05)。(2)男性冠心病组吸烟、高血压和糖尿病的比例明显高于非冠心病组(P0.05);女性冠心病组高龄、高血压和血脂紊乱明显高于非冠心病组(P0.05)。(3)低龄组冠心病男性、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病和血脂紊乱的比例显著高于非冠心病组(P0.05);高龄组冠心病高血压和糖尿病比例显著高于非冠心病组(P0.05)。结论多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、性别、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病和血脂紊乱是重庆地区冠心病的最显著的危险因素。     

鸟苷酸交换因子DOCK1对心肌细胞存活的影响

目的 探讨鸟苷酸交换因子DOCK1对心肌细胞存活的影响.方法 用重组真核质粒pCXN2-Flag-hDOCK1(人DOCK1过表达质粒),pCXN2-Flag(空质粒)及空白试剂分别转染大鼠源H9C2心肌细胞,并给予缺氧/复氧(H/R)干预.将心肌细胞分为空白组,空质粒组,DOCK1过表达组,空白+-H/R组,空质粒+H/R组,DOCK1过表达+H/R组.用RT-PCR测定DOCK1mRNA水平.流式细胞术、MTT分别测定细胞的凋亡率和增殖率.结果 DOCK1过表达组(1.51 ±0.169)％,(2.49±0.442)％,(38.94±0.580)％,(P＜0.05)较空白组(-),(3.61±0.334)％,(20.64±0.720)％,(P＜0.05)和空质粒组(-),(3.66±0.373)％,(22.29±0.838)％,(P＜0.05),DOCK1过表达+H/R组1.03±0.171,(5.38±0.431)％,(17.33±0.343)％,(P＜0.05)较空白+H/R组[(-),(2.49±0.442)％,(7.95±0.322)％,(P＜0.05)和空质粒+H/R组(-),(10.32±0.388)％,(7.92±0.351％,(P＜0.05),人的DOCK1RNA分别显著增加、心肌细胞凋亡率分别显著降低及增殖率分别显著增加.较DOCK1过表达组.DOCK1过表达+H/R组人的DOCK1 mRNA显著降低.较空白组(0.64±0.145),(P＜0.05)、空质粒组(0.60±0.182),(P＜0.05)及DOCK1过表达组(0.60±0.182),(P＜0.05),空白+H/R组(0.30±0.115),(P＜0.05)、空质粒+H/R组(0.36±0.101),(P＜0.05)及DOCK1过表达+H/R组(1.03±0.171),(P＜0.05)大鼠的DOCK1 mRNA分别显著降低、心肌细胞凋亡率分别显著增加及增殖率分别显著降低.结论 DOCK1可抑制H9C2心肌细胞的凋亡,促进H9C2心肌细胞的增殖、存活；且DOCK1可抑制H/R诱导的H9C2心肌细胞凋亡增加及增殖、存活的降低.     

GlideScope视频喉镜用于经口与经鼻气管插管的临床观察

目的 观察GlideScope视频喉镜经口气管插管和经鼻气管插管的声门暴露情况、插管时间和血流动力学变化. 方法 在全身麻醉下行择期手术的患者200例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,分为经口气管插管组和经鼻气管插管组.观察记录两组患者喉部显露分级、气管插管时间、气管插管前后的心率、血压,计算各时间点的收缩压-心率乘积（RPP）. 结果 使用GlideScope视频喉镜喉部显露分级为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级的比例高达98%;经口插管组和经鼻插管组的插管时间分别为（43.3±9.8）s和（57.9±13.3）S,两组比较有显著差异;经口插管组的患者在气管插管时和气管插管后1～2 min内的心率、血压和RPP较麻醉诱导前显著升高,经鼻插管组的患者在气管插管后1 min时的心率和RPP较麻醉诱导前显著升高. 结论 使用GlideScope视频喉镜可改善喉部显露分级,经口气管插管所需的时间少于经鼻气管插管,而血流动力学变化强于经鼻气管插管.     

外源性细胞色素C对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8影响的实验研究

目的 探讨外源性细胞色素c (Cytc)对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8的作用及影响.方法 雄性昆明小鼠78只,随机分为假手术组( Sham)、脓毒症组(CLP)、细胞色素C处理组(T).CLP组和T组用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模,Sham组仅开腹翻动盲肠.24 h造模成功后,T组经尾静脉注射外源性Cyt c(20 mg/kg)、Sham组和CLP组分别经尾静脉注射150(1生理盐水.30 min后以0、6h、12 h点取材,每个时间点5只小鼠,测左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左室内压力变化最大上升和下降速率(LV±dp/dt-max);取心肌组织分别做组织学检查、RT-PCR和Western-Blot检测TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白的表达;24h点留取电镜标本,余下的小鼠观察生存率.结果 与CLP组比较,T组一般情况好转,生存率提高,病理学改善;LVSP、LVEDP和LV±dp/dt-max提高(P＜0.05);各组TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白均有表达,CLP组表达明显增加,经外源性Cytc干预后蛋白表达减少,CLP组与其它组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 外源性Cytc逆转脓毒症小鼠心肌线粒体功能抑制和心肌抑制,改善心功能.     

Influence of common bile duct cannula size on maximal secretory rate of taurocholate in the rat

Summary The common bile duct of male Sprague-Dawley rats was cannulated with either PE 10 or PE 50 tubing. Maximal secretory rate of taurocholate averaged 389±67 (SD) and 657±115 nmoles·min^–1·g liver^–1 in the PE 10 and PE 50 group, respectively (p<0.005). Maximal bile secretory pressure was significantly higher in the PE 10 group (240±28 vs 174±8 mm H20; p<0.005). When the maximal secretory rate was exceeded, bile flow decreased in both groups but this was accompanied with a decrease in maximal bile secretory pressure in the PE 10 group only. Maximal secretory rate of bile salts is markedly influenced by experimental technique. Use of small caliber common bile duct cannulae leads to partial obstruction and decreases the apparent maximal secretory rate for taurocholate.Acknowledgments. J. Reichen was the recipient of a Faculty Development Award in Clinical Pharmacology from The Pharmaceutical Manufacturer's Association Foundation, and is the recipient of a Research Career Development Award (KO4 AM 1189) from the National Institutes of Health. Supported by National Institutes of Health grant RO1 AM 27597.     

Genetic polymorphisms and intrauterine development. Evidence of decreased heterozygosity in light-for-dates human newborn babies

Summary In 2 independent samples of low-birth-weight infants the proportion of females and homozygotes for a series of polymorphic systems was higher in light-for-dates than in preterm babies. The observation seems to give support to the hypothesis that homozygosity for normal polymorphisms may decrease in general intrauterine growth rate. Since it is known that survival rate is strongly related to birth weight, a correlation between growth retardation and homozygosity may have a major role in the maintenance of such polimorphisms.We thank Prof. L. Ginzburg for helpful comments.     

Differences in susceptibility of tissues to revascularization studied in ectopic implants

Summary The survival rate of implanted marrow is reduced when the tissue is transferred from one site to another within the first 24 hours but not more than 48 hours after the initial implantation. Splenic implants can be transferred at any time after implantation without affecting the survival rate. The observation suggests a difference in the sensitivity of the two tissues to the avascular period that they experience prior to initiation of angiogenesis.The work was supported by a grant from NIH. The author is recipient of a Career Research Development Award from NIAMDD.     

The antiviral effect of Keishi-ni-eppi-ichi-to,a tranditional Chinese herbal medicine,on influenza A2(H2N2) virus infection in mice

The antiviral effect of Keishi-ni-eppi-ichi-to (TJS-064), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, was investigation in mice infected with influenza A₂(H₂N₂) virus. When mice exposed to 5 LD₅₀ dose of the virus were treated orally with a 70 mg/kg dose of TJS-064 1 day before and 1 day and 4 days after the infection, 100% survived over a 25-day experimental period. At the end of this period all the control mice, treated with saline alone, had died; their mean survival time in days (MSD) was 11.2 days. When mice infected with a 10 LD₅₀ dose of the virus were treated with TJS-064, the MSD was >17.4 days and there was a 50% survival rate, while the control group had a MSD of 8.7 days and 0% survival rate. No significant antiviral effect TJS-064 was observed when the agent was administered orally to mice infected with a 100 LD₅₀ or large dose of influenza virus. Pulmonary consolidation, virus titers in lung tissues and HAI titers in sera of infected mice treated with TJS-064 were all significantly lower than those of infected mice treated with saline. Interferon activities were detected in sera of mice treated with the agent at a dose of 100 mg/kg orally. Since viricidal and viristatic activities of the agent against influenza virus were not demonstrated, the antiviral effects of TJS-064 may be expressed through the host's antiviral functions including interferon production.     

Increased ALA dehydratase activity and spleen weight in lead-intoxicated rats. A consequence of increased blood cell destruction

Lead was given in the diet (1%) to rats from birth and at different times the animals were studies for delta amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, spleen weight, 59Fe incorporation in erythrocytes and 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes survival. The increased ALAD and spleen weight found after lead treatment is explained as a consequence of a shortened survival, which results in a younger age of circulating erythrocytes with higher ALAD activity.     

Adaptation to intermittent fasting as a factor modifying the radiation resistance of mice

Summary Mice adapted to intermittent food intake (24 h fasting:24 h feeding) for 2–3 weeks exhibit a higher resistance to whole-body gamma irradiation. This is manifested by increased survival of animals and a more effective recovery of blood leukocyte counts.     

Die therapeutische Wirkung von Adrenalin und Alupent nach letaler Röntgenganzkörperbestrahlung

Summary After exposure to lethal whole-body Xirradiation the survival rate ranged from 39–60% in white rats and guinea-pigs given adrenalin and Alupent subcutaneously. The effect of the two substances is ascribed to a shock-like response and sequential reactions.