花岗岩超低温冻融循环后力学特性研究

对花岗岩进行-20,-30,-40,-50℃条件下的冻融循环处理,再进行单轴压缩试验,观察花岗岩经历不同冻结温度的冻融循环后的破坏模式,并分析弹性模量变化规律、应力应变曲线变化规律、单轴抗压强度和峰值应变变化规律以及冻融系数的变化.根据冻融处理后花岗岩的损伤数据,推广了花岗岩冻融循环后的总损伤变量的公式.研究结果表明,冻融循环后花岗岩的破坏模式主要为锥形破坏模式和柱状劈裂模式,揭示了花岗岩冻融循环后的力学特性与冻结温度的关系.根据总损伤变量与应变的关系可以预测,随着冻结温度的下降,应变存在一个临界值,超过临界值时试块破坏.     

考虑干湿循环的大理岩统计损伤本构模型

为研究大理岩在干湿循环作用下会产生劣化作用,通过对大理岩在干湿循环作用下的力学特性的变化规律,发现随干湿循环次数的增加,劣化作用会呈现减弱的趋势,最终趋于一个恒定值.通过应用细观方法研究了大理岩微元强度,假设大理岩微元强度分布服从Weibull分布,然后利用连续损伤理论,认为大理岩损伤劣化规律具备连续性,再由Lemaitre提出的应变等效假说以及基于D-P强度破坏准则度量微元强度提出了大理岩考虑干湿循环效应下的统计损伤本构模型,并应用大理岩干湿循环的单轴压缩实验数据与构建的统计损伤本构模型的应力、应变曲线进行模拟拟合.结果表明,所建立的统计损伤本构模型能够较好地反映考虑干湿循环效应下大理岩弹性阶段的损伤,可见该模型具有一定合理性、有效性.     

热损伤大理岩波动特征及声发射特性试验研究

对常温至800℃热作用后大理岩波动特征及单轴压缩过程中的声发射特性和损伤演化进行研究，结果表明：高温后大理岩体积变大，质量与密度减小，600℃是质量与密度变化的阈值温度；随温度升高，峰值应力和弹性模量先增大后减小，峰值应变单调增加，纵波与横波波速呈线性下降，频谱面积、主频幅值和振幅下降，但下降速率逐渐减小；声发射振铃计数与应力-应变曲线有较好的对应关系，能够反映大理岩不同阶段的损伤演化规律；高温使大理岩由突发性破坏向渐进性破坏发展，破坏模式由剪切破坏向劈裂破坏转变.     

高温作用对大理岩强度及变形特性影响的实验研究

采用液压伺服刚性岩石力学实验系统对100～800℃高温作用下大理岩的强度及变形特性进行了室内实验研究，并取得了大理岩的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、变形模量、泊松比等有效实验数据．在此基础上，比较系统地分析了大理岩在经历100～800℃高温作用后其强度及变形特征变化的统计规律和作用机理．研究结果表明：随着作用温度升高，上述各力学参数不同程度上渐次降低，尤其是在不同温度段岩石强度降低具有突变性．     

大理岩热损伤本构模型探讨

在大理岩经过不同温度应力作用后基础上,分析了岩石单轴压缩试验和温度应力的变化规律,采用修正后Marzas压缩损伤模型进行描述。     

单轴压缩荷载下煤岩的弹脆性损伤本构模型

基于计算机层析摄影技术下单轴压缩脆性煤岩破坏全过程的细观损伤演化规律 ,对白皎煤矿脆性煤岩材料进行损伤描述 ,分析求解实验过程中煤岩试件的损伤变量 ,并与Bellonoi和Lemaitre公式求得的损伤变量进行对比 ,以说明该方法求损伤变量的合理性 .为正确描述脆性煤岩材料的本构行为及演化过程 ,根据实验结果 ,分别给出脆性煤岩材料准线性阶段、损伤开始演化和稳定发展阶段、损伤加速发展阶段的损伤本构模型及损伤演化方程 ,以供工程参考使用 .     

静水压下热损伤大理岩动态拉伸特性研究

处于高温高地应力等复杂地质环境下的深部围岩,可能遭受爆破、地震等动态荷载影响,在岩石工程开挖区附近多导致张拉破坏,因此,研究热损伤岩石在不同地应力条件下的动态拉伸特性,在深部岩石工程中具有重要意义.选取均质细粒房山大理岩,利用自主研发的多功能分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)系统,进行4种温度(25℃、250℃、450℃、700℃)损伤梯度下,4种静水压环境(0 MPa、5 MPa、10 MPa和20 MPa)下,房山大理岩巴西圆盘试样动态加载试验.研究结果表明:①随着温度的增加,房山大理岩内部微裂纹增多,矿物成分由CaMg(CO3)2向CaCO3和Mg O转变,密度和波速均随着损伤温度的增加而逐渐降低;②静水压条件下试样拉伸应力曲线呈现为双峰特征,这主要是由于侧向围压的存在抑制了试样的劈裂,使试样拉伸破坏后继续承载造成的;③在固定围压环境下,各温度梯度下热损伤大理岩的动态拉伸强度均具有明显的率相关性;同时动态拉伸强度随着温度的升高而明显降低;④在固定温度下,围压的存在明显提高了房山大理岩动态拉伸强度,但拉伸强度的增幅随着围压的增加而减弱.此外,当试样的热处理温度超过450℃后,动态拉伸强度的围压效应小于25℃和250℃热处理情况.这可能与高温处理后的岩石在高围压状态下发生了脆性向延性转变有关.     

混凝土的三参数破坏准则

本文提出一种三向应力状态下混凝土的破坏准则,该准则表示为三个应力不变量的函数,其中仅包含三个参数,且可方便地由实验标定.通过与实验数据的比较,表明该准则能很好地描述混凝土材料在各种受力状态下的破坏特性.     

强冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的力学特性及本构模型

研究氧化铝陶瓷在强冲击加载下的力学响应和动态本构模型. 利用一级轻气炮对陶瓷靶板进行冲击加载,测量得到靶板内的应力-时间曲线,并分析得到氧化铝陶瓷的动力学特性. 结合陶瓷材料破坏特性分析,从脆性材料内翼型裂纹的产生和扩展机理出发,建立了微裂纹损伤本构模型,其中损伤参数通过微裂纹尺寸和微裂纹数2个变量进行描述. 实验与计算结果表明,该模型较好地描述了强冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的力学行为.     

基于改进差分盒维数法的混凝土细观损伤定量研究

为了从细观角度定量研究混凝土材料的宏观力学特性,以单轴压缩条件下获得的混凝土CT图像作为研究对象,应用差分盒维数法(Differential Box Counting method,或DBC)对混凝土破损过程进行了定量描述.在分析传统差分盒维数法优缺点的基础上,提出了改进的差分盒维数法(Improved Differential Box Counting method,或IDBC),并分别用DBC和IDBC方法对混凝土破坏过程中4个断面不同应力阶段CT图像进行了对比分析.分析表明,IDBC方法计算所得分形维数的标准差、方差和拟合误差均较小.说明用IDBC方法算出的分形维数较DBC方法更为准确.因此用IDBC方法计算得到的分形维数建立了损伤变量表达式,并计算得到了4个断面各个应力阶段的损伤变量.结果表明加载初期试件完整,损伤变量为0,随着应力增大,由于混凝土内部孔洞经历了压密的过程,损伤变量稍有减小,随后一直增大直到混凝土完全破裂时损伤变量达到最大.损伤变量的变化能够较好地反映出混凝土材料损伤演化规律,可将其作为定量的损伤状态参数来描述混凝土在单轴压缩条件下裂缝的演化过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with